| Consonants |
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| IPA | Examples |
|---|
| b | buy, cab | | d | die, cad | | ð | thy, breathe, father | | dʒ | giant, badge, jam | | f | phi, caff, fan | | ɡ (ɡ)[1] | guy, bag | | h | high, ahead | | j | yes, yacht | | k | chi, sky, crack | | l | lie, sly, gal | | m | my, smile, cam | | n | nigh, snide, can | | ŋ | sang, sink, singer | | ŋɡ | finger, anger | | θ | thigh, math | | p | pie, spy, cap | | r | rye, try, very[2] | | s | sigh, mass | | ʃ | shy, cash, emotion | | t | tie, sty, cat, atom | | tʃ | China, catch | | v | vie, have | | w | wye, swine | | hw | why[3] | | z | xi, zoo, has | | ʒ | pleasure, vision, beige[4] | | Marginal consonants |
|---|
| x | ugh, loch, Chanukah[5] | | ʔ | uh-oh /ˈʌʔoʊ/ |
| | Vowels and diphthongs |
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| IPA | | R-colored vowels[6][7] |
|---|
| ɑː | PALM, baht, father, bra | ɑr | START, bard, barn, snarl, star (also /ɑːr./) | | ɒ | LOT, pod, song, doll[8] | ɒr | moral, forage | | æ | TRAP, pad, shall, ban | ær | barrow, marry | | aɪ | PRICE, ride, file, fine, pie | aɪər | fire[7] | | aʊ | MOUTH, loud, foul, down, how | aʊər | hour[7] | | ɛ | DRESS, bed, fell, men | ɛr | error, merry | | eɪ | FACE, made, fail, vein, pay | ɛər | SQUARE, scared, scarce, cairn, Mary (/eɪr./) | | ɪ | KIT, lid, fill, bin | ɪr | mirror, Sirius | | iː | FLEECE, seed, feel, mean, sea | ɪər | NEAR, beard, fierce, serious (/iːr./) | | ɔː | THOUGHT, Maud, dawn, fall, straw[9] | ɔr | NORTH, born, for, aural (/ɔːr./) | | ɔɪ | CHOICE, void, foil, coin, boy | ɔɪər | loir, coir[7] | | oʊ | GOAT, code, foal, bone, go[10] | ɔər | FORCE, boar, more, oral (/oʊr./)[11] | | ʊ | FOOT, good, full, woman | ʊr | courier | | uː | GOOSE, food, fool, soon, chew | ʊər | boor, moor, tourist (/uːr./)[12] | | juː | cued, cute, mule, tune, queue[13] | jʊər | CURE | | ʌ | STRUT, mud, dull, gun[14] | ʌr | borough, hurry | | ɜr | NURSE, word, girl, fern, furry (/ɝː/)[15] | | Reduced vowels |
|---|
| ə | Rosa’s, a mission, COMMA | ər | LETTER, perform (also /ɚ/)[15] | | ɨ | roses, emission[16] | ən | button | | ɵ | omission[17] | əm | rhythm | | ʉ | beautiful, curriculum ([jʉ])[18] | əl | bottle | | i | HAPPY, serious[19] | |
| Stress | Syllabification |
|---|
| IPA | Examples | IPA | Examples |
|---|
| ˈ | intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/,[20]
battleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/[21] | . | shellfish /ˈʃɛl.fɪʃ/, selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɨʃ/
nitrate /ˈnaɪ.treɪt/, night-rate /ˈnaɪt.reɪt/
hire /ˈhaɪər/, higher /ˈhaɪ.ər/
moai /ˈmoʊ.aɪ/, Windhoek /ˈvɪnt.hʊk/
Vancouveria /væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/[22] | | ˌ |
|
