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Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in southeastern Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, and is the easternmost prefecture-level division of the province. It borders Baise, Guangxi, to the east, Vietnam's Hà Giang Province to the south for 438 kilometres (272 mi), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture to the west, and Qujing to the north.

Wenshan Prefecture
文山州 (Chinese)
Vwnzsanh Couh (Zhuang)
Wenx Shangb Zheub (Hmong)
Autonomous prefecture
Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
文山壮族苗族自治州
Vwnzsanh Bouxcuengh Myauzcuz Swcicouh
Wenx Shangb Langs Hmongb Zif Zhif Zheub
Clockwise: urban skyline of capital Wenshan City, Puzhehei Lake, Wenshan Notoginseng International Trading Center, Malipo Martyrs Cemetery, Nong's Tusi Office
Location of Wenshan Prefecture in Yunnan
Location of Wenshan Prefecture in Yunnan
Coordinates (Wenshan Prefecture government): 23°24′N 104°13′E / 23.40°N 104.22°E / 23.40; 104.22
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceYunnan
GB/T 2260 CODE[1]532600
Admin HQWenshan
Admin units
List
Area
 • Total31,409.12 km2 (12,127.13 sq mi)
Elevation
1,263 m (4,144 ft)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total3,517,941
 • Density110/km2 (290/sq mi)
GDP[2]
 • TotalCN¥ 140.5 billion
US$ 20.7 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 40,748
US$ 6,010
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
663000[3]
Area code0876[3]
ISO 3166 codeCN-YN-26
Licence plate prefixes云H
Websitewww.ynws.gov.cn
1Yunnan Statistics Bureau [1]
2Yunnan Portal [2]
Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese文山壮族苗族自治州
Traditional Chinese文山壯族苗族自治州
Zhuang name
ZhuangVwnzsanh Bouxcuengh Myauzcuz Swcicouh
West Hmongic name
West HmongicWenx Shangb Langs Hmongb Zif Zhif Zheub

Subdivisions

Map including Wenshan (labeled as WEN-SHAN (KAIHWA) (Walled) 文山) (AMS, 1954)
Map
NameHanziHanyu PinyinPopulation
(2010)		Area (km2)Density(/km2)
Wenshan City文山市Wénshān Shì481,5043,064157
Yanshan County砚山县Yànshān Xiàn463,2643,888119
Xichou County西畴县Xīchóu Xiàn255,2861,545165
Malipo County麻栗坡县Málìpō Xiàn277,9602,395116
Maguan County马关县Mǎguān Xiàn367,5072,755133
Qiubei County丘北县Qiūběi Xiàn477,4415,15093
Guangnan County广南县Guǎngnán Xiàn787,4497,98399
Funing County富宁县Fùníng Xiàn407,5305,45975

Ethnic groups

Wenshan is highly diverse. According to a local saying, "Han and Hui live by the market, Zhuang and Dai live by the water, Miao and Yi live on the mountains, and Yao live among the valleys." (汉族、回族住街头，壮族、傣族住水头，苗族、彝族住山头，瑶族住箐头。)

Some of Wenshan's ethnic groups include:

Yunnan (1979)[7] lists Jiazhou 甲州 (pop. 475), Longjiang 龙降 (pop. 54), Tusi 土司 (pop. 134), and Bendi 本地 (pop. 7) as Zhuang subgroups of unknown linguistic affiliation.

Yi

The Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer (文山壮族苗族自治州志) (2000) and the Wenshan Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer (文山壮族苗族自治州志) (2005) list the following Yi ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture.

  • Luo (倮)
    • White Lolo (白倮倮) (autonyms: Suodu 所都, Luoluobu 罗罗布, Xiqima 洗其麻, Gaisipo 改斯泼)
      • Mokong (莫空) (Gaokujiao Luo 高裤脚倮) of Funing and Guangnan counties
      • Mudai (木歹) of Funing and Napo counties
    • Black Lolo (黑倮倮) (autonyms: Nuosupo 诺苏泼, Luoluopo 罗罗泼): in Qiubei, Yanshan, and Wenshan counties
    • Flowery Lolo (花倮倮) (autonyms: Hanluowu 含罗武, Luwu 鲁屋, Niesu 聂素): in Funing, Guangnan, Malipo, Xichou, Maguan, and Yanshan counties
  • Pu (仆)
    • Black Phula (黑仆拉) (autonym: Azha 阿扎)
    • White Phula (白仆拉) (autonym: Zuoke 作科)
    • Flowery Phula (花仆拉) (autonym: Abo 阿僰)
  • Sani (撒尼) (autonym: Sanipo 撒尼泼): in Qiubei County
  • Awu (阿武) (autonym: Awu 阿武; exonyms: Mengwu 孟武, Awu 阿吾, Mengwu 孟乌, Mengzu 孟族)
    • Lai (俫) (autonym; a branch of the Awu 阿武, also called Mengwu 孟武):[8] in Xisa 西洒镇, Xichou; Daping 大坪镇 and Nanwenhe 南温河乡 of Malipo
  • Gepu (格仆) (autonyms: Gepo 葛泼, Alingpo 阿灵泼; exonyms: Geluoluo/duo 葛倮罗/多, Adu 阿度, Aga 阿嘎): in Tiechang 铁厂乡 and Donggan 董干镇 townships of Malipo County[8]
  • Axi (阿西): in Wenshan, Yanshan, and Qiubei counties[8]
  • Lalu (腊鲁) (Lalupu 腊鲁仆; exonym: Xiangtang 香堂): in Nanping 南屏镇[8]

Yao

The Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer (文山壮族苗族自治州志) (2000) lists the following Yao ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture.

  • Men (们) or Jinmen (金门) (exonym: Landian Yao 蓝靛瑶)
  • Mengmian (孟棉) or Youmian (尤勉) (exonyms: Daban Yao 大板瑶, Jiao Yao 角瑶)
  • Xiu (秀) or Ya (亚) (exonyms: Shan Yao 山瑶, Guoshan Yao 过山瑶): in Longmen (龙门) and Longshao (龙绍) of Funing County, and in Tiechang (铁厂), Jinchang (金厂), and other locations of Malipo County

Demographics

Among the resident population, the Han population is 1,501,852, accounting for 42.69% of the total population; the ethnic minorities population is 2,016,089, accounting for 57.31% of the total population.

Ethnic Composition of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (November 2010)[9]
National nameHanZhuangHmongYiYaoHuiDaiBaiBuyiMongolOthers
Population150184810272824812393515978770924774157769130725756555679
Proportion of total population (%)42.6929.2013.689.992.490.700.450.260.210.160.16
Proportion of minority population (%)---50.9523.8717.444.351.230.780.450.360.280.28

Gelao

The Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer 文山壮族苗族自治州志 (2000) lists the following Gelao ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture. The Gelao of Wenshan are also locally known as the Laobazi 老巴子 or Bazi 巴子.

  • White Gelao (白仡佬)
  • Green Gelao (青仡佬)
  • Red Gelao (红仡佬)
  • Flowery Gelao (花仡佬) (also known as the Wai Gelao (歪仡佬) or Pipao Gelao (披袍仡佬))

History

Neolithic painting at the 'Great King' painting site above Malipo.

The prefecture has been inhabited for at least 4000 years, as evidenced by surviving neolithic rock art in Malipo County. The seat of Guangnan, known today as Liancheng (莲城镇), was the heart of the Gouding Kingdom (句町) that lasted approximately 400 years, from 111 BC to 316 AD.

Transportation

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.
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