Zhou Fang (Tang dynasty)

Zhou Fang (Chinese: 周昉; Wade–Giles: Chou Fang; c. 730–800), courtesy name Zhonglang (仲朗), was a Chinese painter during the Tang dynasty. Zhou lived in the Tang capital of Chang'an (modern Xi'an) during the 8th century. He came from a noble background and this was reflected in his works, such as Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers (attributed) and Court Lady With Servants. Zhou Fang's artistic activity is long, up to three to four decades, running parallel to the Dàlì to Zhenyuan era (766–805), his artistic activity was mainly concentrated in Chang'an and Jiangnan.

He personally painted for the Emperor, the themes of his artwork would cover religious subjects and everyday life.^[1] He was influenced by the pure and detailed style of Gu Kaizhi and Lu Tanwei from the Six Dynasties period in his work.

The late Tang art critic Zhu Jingxuan said:

Zhou Fang's Buddha, celestial beings, figures, and paintings of beautiful women are all incredible masterpieces.

Due to his official career and aristocratic status, Zhou lived and worked with many notabilities. He was a contemporary of the fame Tang dynasty painter, Wu Daozi and took the opportunity to absorb Zhang Xuan's painting themes and artistic techniques. Both their style of tracing in their works are so similar that later generations have to distinguish between the small differences of the color stained on the lady figures.

Zhou created paintings that represented goddesses who were modeled after imperial court ladies, a development that indicated religious painting was to become more realistic, and that secular painting was beginning to take on its initial form. His portrait paintings emphasized real life, and as forerunners of secular lady paintings, they had a big influence on later paintings of court ladies.^[2] He was a famous religious and character painter, and the most famous painting Zhou created is a Buddhist image called "Water Moon Goddess of Mercy". His Buddhist painting has become a long-standing popular standard, known as "Zhou Jiaxiang".