Demografía de Laos
El siguiente artículo describe las características de la demografía de Laos
Población
Para el 2008, Laos tiene una población de 6 677 534 lo cual supone una densidad de 29 hab./km². Alrededor de un cuarto de la población vive en las regiones montañosas, el resto a lo largo del río Mekong y sus afluentes. Más del 78 % habita en aldeas rurales. Ya para el 2018 se estima un total de aproximadamente 7.06 millones de habitantes.
Estadísticas vitales
| Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR1 | CDR1 | NC1 | TFR1 | IMR1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950-1955 | 80,000 | 37,000 | 43,000 | 44.8 | 20.9 | 23.9 | 5.94 | 167.1 |
| 1955-1960 | 87,000 | 40,000 | 47,000 | 43.2 | 20.1 | 23.1 | 5.96 | 160.1 |
| 1960-1965 | 96,000 | 44,000 | 52,000 | 42.4 | 19.3 | 23.1 | 5.97 | 153.5 |
| 1965-1970 | 107,000 | 47,000 | 60,000 | 42.3 | 18.7 | 23.6 | 5.98 | 147.0 |
| 1970-1975 | 122,000 | 52,000 | 70,000 | 42.5 | 18.1 | 24.4 | 5.99 | 140.5 |
| 1975-1980 | 132,000 | 54,000 | 78,000 | 42.2 | 17.2 | 25.0 | 6.15 | 132.4 |
| 1980-1985 | 145,000 | 56,000 | 90,000 | 42.2 | 16.2 | 26.0 | 6.36 | 122.6 |
| 1985-1990 | 165,000 | 56,000 | 109,000 | 42.1 | 14.4 | 27.7 | 6.27 | 107.6 |
| 1990-1995 | 180,000 | 53,000 | 127,000 | 40.0 | 11.9 | 28.1 | 5.88 | 88.3 |
| 1995-2000 | 170,000 | 48,000 | 122,000 | 33.6 | 9.4 | 24.2 | 4.81 | 70.8 |
| 2000-2005 | 154,000 | 44,000 | 110,000 | 29.9 | 9.1 | 20.8 | 3.90 | |
| 2005-2010 | 144,000 | 39,000 | 105,000 | 28.1 | 7.9 | 20.2 | 3.40 | |
| 2010-2015 | 25.6 | 7.0 | 18.6 | 2.93 | ||||
| 2015-2020 | 23.8 | 6.5 | 17.3 | 2.70 | ||||
| 2020-2025 | 21.4 | 6.2 | 15.2 | 2.48 | ||||
| 2025-2030 | 19.3 | 6.2 | 13.1 | 2.30 | ||||
| 1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births | ||||||||
Births and deaths[1]
| Year | Population | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Rate of natural increase | TFR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | 2,886,000 | |||||||
| 1980 | 3,199,000 | |||||||
| 1985 | 3,618,000 | |||||||
| 1990 | 4,140,000 | |||||||
| 1995 | 4,605,000 | 41.3 | 15.1 | 26.2 | 5.40 | |||
| 2000 | 5,218,000 | |||||||
| 2005 | 5,619,000 | 34.7 | 9.8 | 24.9 | 4.50 | |||
| 2009 | 30.7 | 8.4 | 22.3 | 3.90 | ||||
| 2010 | 6,256,000 | 29.9 | 8.0 | 21.9 | 3.70 | |||
| 2011 | 6,385,000 | 28.0 | 7.7 | 20.3 | 3.50 | |||
| 2012 | 6,514,000 | 28.1 | 7.4 | 20.7 | 3.40 | |||
| 2013 | 6,644,000 | 27.5 | 6.5 | 21.0 | 3.22 | |||
| 2014 | 6,809,000 | 26.6 | 6.3 | 20.3 | 3.03 | |||
| 2015 | 6,492,000 | 26.6 | 6.3 | 20.3 | 3.06 | |||
| 2016 | 6,787,000 | 24.6 | 7.7 | 16.9 | 2.90 | |||
| 2017 | 6,901,000 | 24.0 | 7.5 | 16.5 | 2.82 | |||
| 2018 | 7,013,000 | 23.3 | 7.4 | 15.9 | 2.76 | |||
| 2019 | 7,123,000 | 22.7 | 7.2 | 15.5 | 2.68 |
Etnias
Censo de 2005: Lao 52,54 % (2 403 891), Khmou 11 %, Phutai 10,3 %, Hmong 6,89 % (315.465), Leu 2,6 %, Katang 2,1 %, Makong 2 %, Kor 1,4 %, Xuay 1 %, Laven 0,9 %, Phounoy 0,8 %, Taoey 0,7 %, Nhuane 0,6 %, otros 7,17 %
La mayoría de los especialistas están de acuerdo en la clasificación etnolinguística utilizada en el país.[2] Para los propósitos del censo del 1995, el gobiernor reconoció 149 grupos étnicos dentro de un total de 47 principales etnias.[2] ElLao Front for National Construction (LFNC) recientemente revisó la lista y actualizó la clasifación incluyendo 49 etnias principales con un total de 160 grupos étnicos.[2]
El término minorías étnicas es usado por algunos para clasificar a aquellos grupos no-laosianos.[2] These 160 ethnic groups speak a total of 82 distinct living languages.[3]
Lao 53.2%, Khmu 11%, Hmong 9.2%, y otros (unos 100 grupos étnicos menores) 26.6% (censo de 2015).[4]
| Étnico grupo | Language family | censo 1985[5] | censo 1995[6] | censo 2005[6] | censo 2015[4] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | ||
| Lao | kra-dai | 1,804,101 | 2,403,891 | 52.5 | 3,067,005 | 54.6 | 3,427,665 | 53.2 | |
| Khmu (Keummeu) | Mon-jemer | 389,694 | 500,957 | 11.0 | 613,893 | 10.9 | 708,412 | 11.0 | |
| Mon (Mong) | Hmong-mien | 231,168 | 315,465 | 6.9 | 415,946 | 8.0 | 595,028 | 9.2 | |
| Thai (Tai) | kra-dai | 1,459 | 215,254 | 3.8 | 201,576 | 3.1 | |||
| Tai Nuea | kra-dai | 14,799 | 11,622 | ||||||
| Puthai (Phuthai or Phouthay) | kra-dai | 441,497 | 472,458 | 10.3 | 187,391 | 3.3 | 218,108 | 3.4 | |
| Lü (Lue or Leu) | kra-dai | 102,760 | 119,191 | 2.6 | 123,054 | 2.2 | 126,229 | 2.0 | |
| Katang | Mon-jemer | 72,391 | 95,440 | 2.1 | 118,276 | 2.1 | 144,255 | 2.2 | |
| Makong (So) (Bru) | Mon-jemer | 70,382 | 92,321 | 2.0 | 117,872 | 2.1 | 163,285 | 2.5 | |
| Akha (Kor) | Tibetano-birmanas | 57,500 | 66,108 | 1.4 | 90,698 | 1.6 | 112,979 | 1.8 | |
| Yrou (Laven, Loven, Jru', Yuroo) | Mon-jemer | 28,057 | 40,519 | 0.9 | 47,175 | 0.8 | 56,411 | 0.9 | |
| Xuay (Juk, Suai, Kui, Kuy, Suay, or Shuay) | Mon-jemer | 49,059 | 45,498 | 1.0 | 42,834 | 0.8 | 46,592 | 0.7 | |
| Singsily (Phounoy) (Singsiri) | Tibetano-birmanas | 23,618 | 35,635 | 0.8 | 37,447 | 0.7 | 39,192 | 0.6 | |
| Duon (Nhuon, Nghieu, San | 33,240 | ||||||||
| Taoey (Ta-oy) | Mon-jemer | 24,577 | 30,876 | 0.7 | 32,177 | 0.6 | 45,991 | 0.7 | |
| Nguan (Nguồn, Ngoaun, Nguane, Nguan or Nguane) | Mon-jemer | 988 | 29,442 | 0.5 | 27,779 | 0.4 | |||
| Iewmien (Yao, Ewmien, Mien, Ilmearn) | Hmong-mien | 18,091 | 22,665 | 0.5 | 27,449 | 0.5 | 32,400 | 0.5 | |
| Phong | Mon-jemer | 18,165 | 21,395 | 0.5 | 26,314 | 0.5 | 30,696 | 0.5 | |
| Brao (Larvae) | Mon-jemer | 16,434 | 17,544 | 0.4 | 22,772 | 0.4 | 26,010 | 0.4 | |
| Katu | Mon-jemer | 14,676 | 17,024 | 0.4 | 22,759 | 0.4 | 28,378 | 0.4 | |
| Oey (Oy or Oi) | Mon-jemer | 11,194 | 14,947 | 0.3 | 22,458 | 0.4 | 23,513 | 0.4 | |
| Pray (Prai) | Mon-jemer | 15,000[3] | 0.3 | 21,922 | 0.4 | 28,732 | 0.4 | ||
| Lamed (Lamet) | Mon-jemer | 14,355 | 16,740 | 0.3 | 19,827 | 0.4 | 22,383 | 0.3 | |
| Lahu (Musir, Mussor, Lahoo, or Lahou) | Tibetano-birmanas | 9,200 | 8,702 | 0.2 | 15,238 | 0.3 | 19,187 | 0.3 | |
| Kriang (Griang, Grieng, Ngae, or Ngeh) | Mon-jemer | 8,917 | 12,189 | 0.3 | 12,879 | 0.2 | 16,807 | 0.2 | |
| Hor (Haw, Ho, Hoa, Chin Haw, Yunnanese, Yunnanese Chinese, or Panthay) | Sino-tibetanas | 6,361 | 8,900 | 0.2 | 10,437 | 0.2 | 12,098 | 0.2 | |
| Xingmoon (Puoc, Sing Mun, Xinhmun, or Xingmoun) | Mon-jemer | 2,164 | 5,834 | 0.1 | 8,565 | 0.2 | 9,874 | 0.2 | |
| Jeng (Cheng, Ceng, Chieng, Chenh, Jeng) | Mon-jemer | 4,540 | 6,511 | 0.1 | 7,559 | 0.1 | 8,688 | 0.1 | |
| Nhaheun (Nyaheun, Nahoen, Nha Heun, Nha Hon, Nya Hoen, Ngahearn, Nhahem) | Mon-jemer | 3,960 | 5,152 | 0.1 | 6,785 | 0.1 | 8,976 | 0.1 | |
| Jemer (Khmer, Kamer, Khome) | Mon-jemer | 169 | 3,902 | 0.1 | 5,825 | 0.1 | 7,141 | 0.1 | |
| Toum (Tum, Hung) | Mon-jemer | 2,042 | 2,510 | 0.05 | 4,458 | 0.08 | 3,632 | 0.05 | |
| Xaek (Saek or Sairk) | kra-dai | 2,459 | 2,745 | 0.06 | 3,733 | 0.07 | 3,841 | 0.05 | |
| Samtao (Sam Tao) | Mon-jemer | 2,359 | 2,213 | 0.05 | 3,533 | 0.06 | 3,417 | 0.05 | |
| Sila (Sida or Syla) | Tibetano-birmanas | 1,538 | 1,772 | 0.04 | 2,939 | 0.05 | 3,151 | 0.05 | |
| Tri (Chali, Cali, or So Tri) | Mon-jemer | 20,902 | 20,906 | 0.5 | 26,680 | 0.05 | 37,446 | 0.6 | |
| Harak (Alak, Alack, Hahak) | Mon-jemer | 13,217 | 16,594 | 0.4 | 21,280 | 0.04 | 25,430 | 0.4 | |
| Bid (Bit) | Mon-jemer | 1,530 | 1,509 | 0.03 | 1,691 | 0.03 | 2,372 | 0.04 | |
| Lolo (Alu) | Tibetano-birmanas | 842 | 1,407 | 0.03 | 1,691 | 0.03 | 2,203 | 0.03 | |
| Pako (Pacoh) | Mon-jemer | 12,923 | 13,224 | 0.3 | 16,750 | 0.03 | 22,640 | 0.4 | |
| Lavy (Lavi) | Mon-jemer | 584 | 538 | 0.01 | 1,193 | 0.02 | 1,215 | 0.02 | |
| Yae (Jeh, Gie, Yerh) | Mon-jemer | 3,376 | 8,013 | 0.2 | 10,570 | 0.02 | 11,452 | 0.2 | |
| Sadang (Sedang, Sdang, Gayong) | Mon-jemer | 520 | 786 | 0.02 | 938 | 0.02 | 898 | 0.01 | |
| Hanyi (Hayi or Hayee) | Tibetano-birmanas | 727 | 1,122 | 0.02 | 848 | 0.02 | 741 | 0.01 | |
| Guan (Kuan or Tai Guan) | kra-dai | 722 | 0.01 | 886 | 0.01 | ||||
| Oedou (Ơ Đu, Adoo) | Mon-jemer | 649 | 0.01 | 602 | 0.01 | ||||
| Yang (Giáy, Nhang, Dang, or Niang) | kra-dai | 4,630 | 0.1 | 616 | 0.01 | 5,843 | 0.1 | ||
| Moy | 534 | 0.01 | 789 | 0.01 | |||||
| Thin (Mal, Htin, or Thein) | Mon-jemer | 13,977 | 23,193 | 0.51 | 514 | 0.01 | |||
| Kree (Kri) | Mon-jemer | 110 | 739 | 0.02 | 495 | 0.01 | 1,067 | 0.02 | |
| Trieng (Talieng, Tariang, Caliang, or Treang) | Mon-jemer | 23,665 | 23,091 | 0.5 | 29,134 | 0.5 | 38,407 | 0.6 | |
| Kui (Yellow Lahu) | Tibetano-birmanas | 6,493 | 6,268 | 0.1 | |||||
| Khir | 1,639 | 0.04 | |||||||
| Numbri (Yumbri, Mlabri, or Yhumbri) | Mon-jemer | 67 | |||||||
| Yung | 6,160 | ||||||||
| Thaen | 828 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Mone (Meuang or Mon) | 2,022 | 217 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Vietnamese | 12,086 | ||||||||
| Chinese | 2,624 | ||||||||
| Thai | 1,459 | ||||||||
| Cambodian | 274 | ||||||||
| Burmese | 185 | ||||||||
| Indian | 44 | ||||||||
| French | 13 | ||||||||
| Others & not stated | 11,277 | 19,285 | 0.4 | 67,175 | 1.2 | ||||
| Total | 3,584,803 | 4,574,848 | 5,621,982 | 6,446,690 | |||||
Idiomas
- Idioma oficial
- laosiano: 52,54 %
- Otros idiomas
- francés (usado como idioma secundario)
- es miembro de la Francofonía.
- lenguas hmong: 6,89 %
- camboyano: 3000
Religión
El budismo Theravada es la principal religión en Laos, la cual es practicada por casi un 60% de la población.[7] La mayoría de los miembros de las etnias Laosianas son seguidores de esta religión. Los otros grupos étnicos del país, que corresponden a un 40-50% de la población, siguen principalmente la religión tradicional Laosiana, la cual tiene creencias diferentes según cada grupo.
Según Pew Research Center en el 2015,[8] la religión del país se divide en:
Salud
- Enfermedades
- sida: 0,2 % (2007), 0,1 % (2003)
- con sida: 5500 (2007), 1700 (2003)
- muertes de sida: menos de 100 (2007), más de 200 (2003)
- otras enfermedades: diarrea protozoal y bacterial, hepatitis A, fiebre tifoidea, dengue, encefalitis japonesa, malaria, gripe aviaria (2008).
Es el país más afectado por las bombas de racimo.
Referencias
Datos: Q1049083
Multimedia: Demographics of Laos / Q1049083
