کاربر:Rizorius/صفحه تمرین
شورش عشایری فارس
مجموعه‌ای از شورش ها بود که در سال های ۱۳۴۱ و ۱۳۴۲ در منطقه فارس در جنوب ایران رخ داد. این شورش ها در نتیجه اصلاحات ارضی ۱۳۴۱
فهرست انقلاب‌های رنگی
| انقلاب | کشور | آغاز | پایان | توصیف | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| انقلاب زرد |  فیلیپین | ۲۲ فوریه ۱۹۸۶ | ۲۵ فوریه ۱۹۸۶ | The 1986 People Power Revolution (also called the "EDSA" or the "Yellow Revolution") in the Philippines was the first successful non-violent uprising in the contemporary period. It was the culmination of peaceful demonstrations against the rule of then-President فردیناند مارکوس—all of which increased after the 1983 assassination of opposition Senator Benigno S. Aquino, Jr. A contested انتخابات زودهنگام on 7 February 1986 and a call by the powerful Filipino Catholic Church sparked mass protests across کلانشهر مانیل from 22 to 25 February. The Revolution's iconic L-shaped Laban sign comes from the Filipino term for People Power, "تاگالوگی: Lakás ng Bayan", whose abbreviation is LABAN, which means 'to fight'. The yellow-clad protesters, later joined by the Armed Forces, ousted Marcos and installed Aquino's widow Corazón as the country's eleventh President, ushering in the present Fifth Republic. The revolution acquired its name due to the use of yellow ribbons to symbolize the protests (in reference to the تونی اورلندو و دان song "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree").[۱] | |
| انقلاب نارگیل |  پاپوآ گینه نو | ۱ دسامبر ۱۹۸۸ | ۲۰ آوریل ۱۹۹۸ | Long-standing secessionist sentiment in Bougainville eventually led to conflict with Papua New Guinea. The inhabitants of جزیره بوگنویل formed the Bougainville Revolutionary Army and fought against government troops. On 20 April 1998, Papua New Guinea ended the civil war. In 2005, Papua New Guinea gave autonomy to Bougainville. In 2019, citizens of Bougainville voted for independence from Papua New Guinea. | |
| انقلاب مخملی |  چکسلواکی | ۱۷ نوامبر ۱۹۸۹ | ۲۹ دسامبر ۱۹۸۹ | In 1989, a peaceful demonstration by students (mostly from دانشگاه کارل) was attacked by the police—and in time contributed to the collapse of the communist government in Czechoslovakia. | |
| انقلاب بولدوزر |  یوگسلاوی | ۵ اکتبر ۲۰۰۰ | This revolution led to the سرنگونی اسلوبودان میلوشویچ. These demonstrations are usually considered to be the first example of the peaceful revolutions that followed. However, the Serbians adopted an approach that had already been used in parliamentary elections in Bulgaria (1997), Slovakia (1998), and Croatia (2000), characterized by civic mobilization through get-out-the-vote campaigns and unification of the political opposition. The nationwide protesters did not adopt a colour or a specific symbol; however, the slogan "سرنگونی اسلوبودان میلوشویچ" (سیریلیک صربی: Готов је، ت. «He is finished») did become an aftermath symbol celebrating the completion of the task. The demonstrations were supported by the youth movement اتپور!, some of whose members were involved in the later revolutions in other countries. | ||
| انقلاب گل رز |  گرجستان | ۳ نوامبر ۲۰۰۳ | ۲۳ نوامبر ۲۰۰۳ | The انقلاب گل رز in Georgia, following the disputed 2003 election, led to the overthrow of ادوارد شواردنادزه and replacing him with میخیل ساآکاشویلی after new elections were held in March 2004. The Kmara civic resistance movement supported the Rose Revolution. | |
| انقلاب دوم گل رز |  آجارستان (گرجستان) | ۲۰ فوریه ۲۰۰۴ | مه-ژوئیه ۲۰۰۴ | Following the انقلاب گل رز in Georgia, the Adjara crisis (sometimes called "Second Rose Revolution"[۲] or "Mini-Rose Revolution"[۳]) led to the exit of Chairman of the Government Aslan Abashidze from office. | |
| انقلاب نارنجی |  اوکراین | ۲۲ نوامبر ۲۰۰۴ | ۲۳ ژانویه ۲۰۰۵ | The Orange Revolution in Ukraine followed the disputed second round of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, leading to the annulment of the result and the repeat of the round—Leader of the Opposition ویکتور یوشچنکو was declared President, defeating ویکتور یانوکویچ. PORA supported the Orange Revolution. | |
| انقلاب بنفش |  عراق | ژانویه ۲۰۰۵ | "Purple Revolution" was a name to describe the coming of democracy to Iraq following the 2005 Iraqi legislative election. It was first used by some hopeful commentators and later picked up by United States President جرج دابلیو. بوش، intentionally drawing the parallel with the Orange and Rose revolutions. The name "purple revolution" has not, however, achieved widespread use in Iraq, the United States, or elsewhere. The name comes from the colour that voters' index fingers were stained to prevent fraudulent multiple voting. The term first appeared shortly after the January 2005 election in various وبلاگs and editorials of individuals supporting the U.S. invasion of Iraq.[۴] The term received its widest usage during a visit by President Bush on 24 February 2005 to براتیسلاوا، Slovak Republic, for a summit with Russian President ولادیمیر پوتین. Bush stated: "In recent times, we have witnessed landmark events in the history of liberty: A Rose Revolution in Georgia, an Orange Revolution in Ukraine, and now, a Purple Revolution in Iraq."[۵] | ||
| انقلاب گل لاله (یا انقلاب صورتی) |  قرقیزستان | ۲۷ فوریه ۲۰۰۵ | ۱۱ آوریل ۲۰۰۵ | The Tulip Revolution (sometimes called the "Pink Revolution") in Kyrgyzstan was more violent than its predecessors and followed the disputed 2005 Kyrgyz parliamentary election. At the same time, it was more fragmented than previous "colour revolutions". The protesters in different areas adopted the colours pink and yellow for their protests. This revolution was supported by the youth resistance movement KelKel. | |
| انقلاب سدر |  لبنان | ۱۴ فوریه ۲۰۰۵ | ۲۷ آوریل ۲۰۰۵ | The Cedar Revolution in Lebanon between February and April 2005 followed not a disputed election, but rather the assassination of opposition leader Rafic Hariri in 2005. Also, instead of the annulment of an election, the people demanded an end to the Syrian occupation of Lebanon. Nonetheless, some of its elements and some of the methods used in the protests have been similar enough that it is often considered and treated by the press and commentators as one of the series of "colour revolutions." The revolution was named after the Cedar of Lebanon, which is the symbol of the country. Likewise, the demonstrators used the colours white and red, which are found in the پرچم لبنان. The protests led to the pullout of Syrian troops in April 2005, ending their nearly 30-year presence there, although Syria retains some influence in Lebanon. | |
| انقلاب آبی |  کویت | مارس ۲۰۰۵ | "Blue Revolution" was a term used by some جمعیت‌شناسی کویت[۶] to refer to demonstrations in Kuwait in support of women's suffrage beginning in March 2005; it was named after the colour of the signs that the protesters used. In May of that year, the Kuwaiti government acceded to their demands, granting women the right to vote beginning in the 2006 parliamentary elections.[۷] Since there was no call for regime change, the so-called "blue revolution" cannot be categorized as a true colour revolution. | ||
| انقلاب جین (یا انقلاب لی) |  بلاروس | ۱۹ مارس ۲۰۰۶ | ۲۵ مارس ۲۰۰۶ | In Belarus, there have been a number of protests against President الکساندر لوکاشنکو، with participation from student group Zubr. One round of protests culminated on 25 March 2005; it was a self-declared attempt to emulate the Kyrgyzstan revolution and involved over a thousand citizens. However, police severely suppressed it, arresting over 30 people and imprisoning opposition leader Mikhail Marinich. A second, much larger round of protests began almost a year later, on 19 March 2006, soon after the presidential election. Official results had Lukashenko winning with 83% of the vote; protesters claimed the results were achieved through fraud and voter intimidation, a charge echoed by many foreign governments.[نیازمند منبع] Protesters camped out in October Square in مینسک over the next week, calling variously for the resignation of Lukashenko, the installation of rival candidate Alaksandar Milinkievič, and new, fair elections. The opposition originally used as a symbol the white-red-white former پرچم بلاروس; the movement has had significant connections with that in neighbouring Ukraine. During the Orange Revolution, some white-red-white flags were seen being waved in Kyiv. During the 2006 protests, some called it the "Jeans Revolution" or "Denim Revolution,"[۸] جین (پارچه) being considered a symbol for freedom. Some protesters cut up jeans into ribbons and hung them in public places.[۹] It is claimed that Zubr was responsible for coining the phrase. Lukashenko has said in the past: "In our country, there will be no pink or orange, or even banana revolution." More recently, he's said, "They [the West] think that Belarus is ready for some 'orange' or, what is a rather frightening option, 'blue' or 'لیلنج' revolution. Such 'blue' revolutions are the last thing we need".[۱۰] On 19 April 2005, he further commented: "All these coloured revolutions are pure and simple banditry."[۱۱] | |
| انقلاب زعفران |  میانمار | ۱۵ اوت ۲۰۰۷ | ۲۶ سپتامبر ۲۰۰۷ | In Myanmar (unofficially called Burma), a series of anti-government protests were referred to in the press as the انقلاب زعفرانی[۱۲][۱۳] after Buddhist monks (Theravada Buddhist monks usually wear the colour saffron) took the vanguard of the protests. A previous, student-led revolution, the 8888 Uprising on 8 August 1988, had similarities to the colour revolutions but was violently repressed. | |
| راهپیمایی زرد |  مالزی | ۱۰ نوامبر ۲۰۰۷ | ۱۹ نوامبر ۲۰۱۶ | A series of demonstrations in کوالا لامپور. The rally, organised by the Coalition for Clean and Fair Elections (Bersih), was supported by حزب پاکاتان راکیات، the coalition of the three largest opposition parties in Malaysia, but was deemed illegal by the government. Bersih, chaired by former president of the Bar Council آمبیگا سرینواسان، were pushing the Election Commission of Malaysia (EC) to ensure free and fair elections in Malaysia. It demanded that the EC clean up the electoral roll, reform postal voting, use indelible ink, introduce a minimum 21-day campaign period, allow all parties free access to the media, and put an end to electoral fraud. | |
| انقلاب انگور |  مولدووا | ۶ آوریل ۲۰۰۹ | ۱۲ آوریل ۲۰۰۹ | The opposition is reported to have hoped for and urged some kind of Orange revolution, similar to that in Ukraine, in the follow-up of the 2005 Moldovan parliamentary elections, while the Christian Democratic People's Party adopted orange for its colour in a clear reference to the events of Ukraine. A name hypothesized for such an event was the "Grape Revolution" because of the abundance of vineyards in the country; however, such a revolution failed to materialize after the governmental victory in the elections. Many reasons have been given for this, including a fractured opposition and the fact that the government had already co-opted many of the political positions that might have united the opposition (such as a perceived pro-European and anti-Russian stance). Also, the elections themselves were declared fairer in the OSCE election monitoring reports than had been the case in other countries where similar revolutions occurred, even though the CIS monitoring mission strongly condemned them. There was civil unrest all over Moldova following the 2009 Parliamentary election, owing to the opposition's assertion that the communists had fixed the election. Eventually, the Alliance for European Integration created a governing coalition that pushed the Communist party into opposition. | |
| جنبش سبز |  ایران | ۱۳ ژوئن ۲۰۰۹ | ۱۱ فوریه ۲۰۱۰ | "Green Movement" is a term widely used to describe the پیامدهای انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری دهم ایران. The protests began in 2009, several years after the main wave of colour revolutions, although like them, it began because of a disputed election, the انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری ایران (۱۳۸۸). Protesters adopted the colour green as their symbol because it had been the campaign colour of presidential candidate میرحسین موسوی، whom many protesters thought had won the elections.[۱۴] | |
| انقلاب خربزه | قرقیزستان | ۶ آوریل ۲۰۱۰ | ۱۴ دسامبر ۲۰۱۰ | The "Melon Revolution"[۱۵][۱۶][۱۷][۱۸] in Kyrgyzstan refers to the انقلاب ۲۰۱۰ قرقیزستان، which led to the exit of President قربان‌بیک باقی‌یف from office. | |
| انقلاب یاس |  تونس | ۱۸ دسامبر ۲۰۱۰ | ۱۴ ژانویه ۲۰۱۱ | "Jasmine Revolution" was a widely used term[۱۹] for the انقلاب تونس، taking its name from the national flower. The revolution led to the exit of President Ben Ali from office and the beginning of the بهار عربی. | |
| انقلاب نیلوفر (یا انقلاب نیل) |  مصر | ۲۵ ژانویه ۲۰۱۱ | ۱۱ فوریه ۲۰۱۱ | "Lotus Revolution" was a term used by various western news sources to describe the انقلاب ۲۰۱۱ مصر that forced President حسنی مبارک to step down in 2011 as part of the بهار عربی، which followed the Jasmine Revolution of تونس. The lotus plant is known to represent resurrection, life, and the sun of مصر باستان. It is uncertain who gave the name, though Asharq Alawsat columnist and prominent Egyptian opposition leader Saad Eddin Ibrahim claimed to have come up with the name. "Lotus Revolution" later became common on western news sources such as CNN.[۲۰] Other names, such as White Revolution and Nile Revolution, are used but are minor terms compared to Lotus Revolution. The term Lotus Revolution is rarely if ever, used in the Arab world. [نیازمند منبع] | |
| انقلاب مروارید |  بحرین | ۱۴ فوریه ۲۰۱۱ | ۲۲ نوامبر ۲۰۱۴ | In February 2011, Bahrain was also affected by the protests in Tunisia and Egypt. Bahrain has long been famous for its pearls and Bahrain's speciality. Moreover, there was Pearl Square in منامه، where the demonstrations began. The people of Bahrain were also protesting around the Square. At first, the government of Bahrain promised reform to the people. However, when their promises were not followed, the people resisted again. And in the process, bloodshed took place (۱۸ مارس ۲۰۱۱). After that, a small demonstration took place in Bahrain.[نیازمند منبع] | |
| انقلاب یمن |  یمن | ۲۷ ژانویه ۲۰۱۱ | ۲۳ نوامبر ۲۰۱۱ | An anti-government protest started in Yemen in 2011, where the Yemeni people sought to resign علی عبدالله صالح as the ruler. On 24 November, Ali Abdullah Saleh decided to transfer the regime. In 2012, Ali Abdullah Saleh finally fled to the United States (27 February). [نیازمند منبع] | |
| انقلاب یاس چین |  چین | ۲۰ فوریه ۲۰۱۱ | ۲۰ مارس ۲۰۱۱ | "Jasmine Revolution" was first used on 17 February 2011 by the Chinese-language site Boxun.com (and repeated via social networking sites) in the United States to describe the تظاهرات ۲۰۱۱ دموکراسی‌خواهی چین in the چین. Boxun's calls resulted in the Chinese government blocking internet searches for "jasmine" and a deploying a heavy police presence at designated sites for protest such as the McDonald's in central Beijing (one of the 13 designated protest sites), on 20 February 2011. A crowd gathered there, but their motivations were ambiguous as a crowd tended to draw a larger crowd in that area.[۲۱] Boxun experienced a حمله محروم‌سازی از سرویس during this period and was inaccessible.[۲۲] | |
| انقلاب برف |  روسیه | ۴ دسامبر ۲۰۱۱ | ۱۸ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۳ | Protests started on 4 December 2011 in the Russian capital of مسکو against the results of the legislative election, leading to the arrests of over 500 people. On 10 December, protests erupted in tens of cities across the country; a few months later, they spread to hundreds both inside the country and abroad. "Snow Revolution" derives from December—the month when the revolution had started—and from the white ribbons that the protesters wore. | |
| انقلاب رنگارنگ |  مقدونیه شمالی | ۱۲ آوریل ۲۰۱۶ | ۲۰ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۶ | Many analysts and participants of the protests against President of Macedonia گیورگه ایوانف and the Macedonian government refer to the demonstrations as a "Colourful Revolution," owing to the demonstrators' throwing of paintballs of different colours at government buildings in اسکوپیه، the capital.[۲۳][۲۴] | |
| انقلاب مخملی |  ارمنستان | ۳۱ مارس ۲۰۱۸ | ۸ مه ۲۰۱۸ | In 2018, a peaceful revolution was led by a member of parliament, نیکول پاشینیان in opposition to the nomination of سرژ سارگسیان as نخست‌وزیر ارمنستان، who had previously served as both رئیس‌جمهور ارمنستان and prime minister, eliminating محدودیت دوره that would have otherwise prevented his 2018 nomination. Concerned that Sargsyan's third consecutive term as the most powerful politician in the government of Armenia gave him too much political influence, protests occurred throughout the country, particularly in ایروان. However, demonstrations in solidarity with the protesters also occurred in other countries where the جماعت ارمنیان پراکنده live.[۲۵] During the protests, Pashinyan was arrested and detained on 22 April, but he was released the following day. Sargsyan stepped down from the position of Prime Minister, and his Republican Party decided not to put forward a candidate.[۲۶] An interim Prime Minister was selected from Sargsyan's party until elections were held, and protests continued for over one month. Crowd sizes in Yerevan consisted of 115,000 to 250,000 people throughout the revolution, and hundreds of protesters were arrested. Pashinyan referred to the event as a Velvet Revolution.[۲۷] A vote was held in parliament, and Pashinyan became the Prime Minister of Armenia. | |
| انقلاب جلیقه‌زردها |  فرانسه | ۱۷ نوامبر ۲۰۱۸ | تاکنون | No one knows how the high-visibility yellow vest came to be chosen as the symbol and uniform for the movement, and no one has claimed to be its originator.[۲۸] The movement originated with French motorists from rural areas who had long commutes protesting against an increase in fuel taxes, wearing the yellow vests that, under a 2008 French law, all motorists are required to keep in their vehicles and to wear in case of emergency.[۲۹] The symbol has become "a unifying thread and call to arms" because yellow vests are common and inexpensive, easy to wear over any clothing, associated with working class industries, highly visible, and widely understood as a distress signal.[۲۸] As the movement grew to include grievances beyond fuel taxes, non-motorists in France put on yellow vests and joined the demonstrations, as did protesters in other countries with diverse (and sometimes conflicting) grievances of their own.[۲۸][۲۹] In the words of one commentator, "The uniform of this revolution is as accessible as the frustration and fury."[۲۸] | |
| انقلاب اکتبر | لبنان | ۱۷ اکتبر ۲۰۱۹ | تاکنون | The "17 October Revolution" refers to a series of civil protests in لبنان. The revolution was triggered by planned taxes on gasoline, tobacco, and صدا روی پروتکل اینترنت calls on applications such as واتس‌اپ،[۳۰][۳۱][۳۲] but quickly expanded into a country-wide condemnation of فرقه‌گرایی rule,[۳۳] stagnant economy, بیکاری that reached 46% in 2018,[۳۴] endemic فساد in the بخش دولتی،[۳۳] legislation that was perceived to shield the ruling class from accountability (such as banking secrecy),[۳۵][۳۶] and failures of the government to provide basic services such as electricity, water, and sanitation.[۳۷] | |
| انقلاب پیتیتا |  بولیوی | ۲۱ اکتبر ۲۰۱۹ | ۱۱ نوامبر ۲۰۱۹ | After the 2019 elections, where incumbent President اوو مورالس was re-elected, protests erupted across the country claiming fraud. A report from the سازمان کشورهای آمریکایی also reported fraud, but was later contradicted by researchers at مؤسسه فناوری ماساچوست.[۳۸][۳۹] After the presentation of the final report of the OAS, which ratified the fraud, the requests for resignation from many social sectors, and the suggestion of resignation by workers' unions, the police, and the military, Morales and many of his supporters resigned, and an interim government took over.[۴۰] However, later Morales would state on his memoirs that he took the decision of resigning before the final report of the OAS and before the suggestions of many groups.[۴۱] Some, including the Áñez interim government, called these events the "Pitita Revolution."[۴۲] It has been called a colour revolution by some analysts, especially Morales' supporters.[۴۳] | |
| انقلاب دمپایی |  بلاروس | ۲۴ مه ۲۰۲۰ | ۲۵ مارس ۲۰۲۱ | After the 2020 Belarusian presidential election, where incumbent president الکساندر لوکاشنکو was re-elected, protests started claiming fraud. The main opposition candidate سوتلانا تیخانوفسکایا declared herself the winner, saying that she won by a large margin. She then set up the “Coordination Council,” which was recognized as the legitimate interim government by the پارلمان اروپا. As of December 2020, some of the media states that the revolution failed and that Lukashenko managed to prevent a repeat of the یورومیدان.[۴۴] | |
| انقلاب استپ |  قزاقستان | ۲ ژانویه ۲۰۲۲ | ۱۱ ژانویه ۲۰۲۲ | Protests in Kazakhstan in 2022 began with a sudden rise in prices for ال‌ان‌جی. These events, which began on January 2, became the most intense and violent conflict in the 30-year history of independent قزاقستان. The rally, which began in جانااوزن، has spread to other cities in قزاقستان. The population lives in آلماتی، آق‌تپه (قزاقستان), آق‌تاو، آتیراو، قراغندی، آستانه (قزاقستان), چیمکند، کوکشه‌تاو، Oral and others. took to the streets of cities and demanded political change in addition to economic demands. Initially peaceful protests were followed by armed conflict and looting (mainly in آلماتی). The riots that began on January 5 were officially called a coup. On January 2, 2022, protesters in جانااوزن blocked the road demanding a reduction in the price of liquefied natural gas. The population demanded that the city and regional akims stabilize prices and eliminate the shortage of natural gas. Protests against the non-fulfillment of these requirements continued the next day. On January 4, the Kazakh government announced that the price of liquefied natural gas in منگیستاو region had been reduced to 50 تنگه قزاقستان per liter, and President قاسم جومارت توقایف issued an appeal to the people of Kazakhstan to prevent lawlessness.Residents of other major cities in Kazakhstan took to the streets in support of the protests, which began in جانااوزن. In آلماتی، protesters destroyed police cars and set them on fire. Hundreds of people were arrested and the Internet was cut off in the country on the night of January 4. A state of emergency has been declared in منگیستاو region and آلماتی. On the morning of January 5, it became known that the government of Kazakhstan has resigned.Due to the aggravation of the situation in the country, on January 5, a state of emergency was declared throughout قزاقستان. Protesters stormed important facilities, including the mayor's office in آلماتی and تالدی‌قورغان، and the آلماتی airport. قاسم جومارت توقایف then said that he had asked the leaders of the سازمان پیمان امنیت جمعی (CSTO) for help. On January 10, the National Security Committee announced that all administrative facilities seized during the riots had been returned and that the situation in the country had stabilized. As of January 11, about 10,000 people had been arrested in connection with the riots. The damage caused to entrepreneurs by robberies and hooliganism exceeded 100 billion تنگه قزاقستان. | |