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Thulium, 00Tm
Thulium
Pronunciation/ˈθjliəm/ (THEW-lee-əm)
Appearancesilvery gray
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Tm)
  • 168.934219±0.000005[1]
  • 168.93±0.01 (abridged)[2]
Thulium in the periodic table
HydrogenHelium
LithiumBerylliumBoronCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeon
SodiumMagnesiumAluminiumSiliconPhosphorusSulfurChlorineArgon
PotassiumCalciumScandiumTitaniumVanadiumChromiumManganeseIronCobaltNickelCopperZincGalliumGermaniumArsenicSeleniumBromineKrypton
RubidiumStrontiumYttriumZirconiumNiobiumMolybdenumTechnetiumRutheniumRhodiumPalladiumSilverCadmiumIndiumTinAntimonyTelluriumIodineXenon
CaesiumBariumLanthanumCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetiumHafniumTantalumTungstenRheniumOsmiumIridiumPlatinumGoldMercury (element)ThalliumLeadBismuthPoloniumAstatineRadon
FranciumRadiumActiniumThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumRutherfordiumDubniumSeaborgiumBohriumHassiumMeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgeniumCoperniciumUnuntriumFleroviumUnunpentiumLivermoriumUnunseptiumUnunoctium


Tm

Md
erbiumthuliumytterbium
Groupమూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Periodperiod 6
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1818 K ​(1545 °C, ​2813 °F)
Boiling point2003 K ​(1730 °C, ​3146 °F)
Density (near r.t.)9.32 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)8.56 g/cm3
Heat of fusion16.84 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization191 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.03 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)1117123513811570(1821)(2217)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[3] +1,[4] +2, +3 (a basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.25
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 596.7 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1160 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2285 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius190±10 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of thulium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for thulium
Thermal expansionpoly: 13.3 µm/(m⋅K) (r.t.)
Thermal conductivity16.9 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivitypoly: 676 nΩ⋅m (r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic (at 300 K)
Young's modulus74.0 GPa
Shear modulus30.5 GPa
Bulk modulus44.5 GPa
Poisson ratio0.213
Vickers hardness520 MPa
Brinell hardness471 MPa
CAS Number7440-30-4
History
Namingafter Thule, a mythical region in Scandinavia
Discovery and first isolationPer Teodor Cleve (1879)
Isotopes of thulium
Template:infobox thulium isotopes does not exist
 Category: Thulium
| references

References

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