Richard I o Ingland
Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 Aprile 1199) wis Keeng o Ingland frae 6 Julie 1189 til his daith. He an aw ruled as Duke o Normandy, Aquitaine an Gascony, Laird o Cyprus, Coont o Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, an Nantes, an wis owerlaird o Brittany at various times in the same period. He wis the third o five sons o King Henry II o Ingland an Duchess Eleanor o Aquitaine. He wis kent as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionhert acause o his reputation as a great militar leader an warrior.[1] He wis an aw kent in Occitan as: Oc e No (Scots: Aye an Na), acause o his reputation for terseness.[2]
| Richard the Lionhert | |
|---|---|
 Effigy (c. 1199) o Richard I at Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou | |
| Keeng o Ingland (mair..) | |
| Ring | 6 Julie 1189 – 6 Aprile 1199 |
| Coronation | 3 September 1189 |
| Predecessor | Henry II |
| Successor | John |
| Regent | Eleanor o Aquitaine; William Longchamp (Third Crusade) |
| Born | 8 September 1157 Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Ingland |
| Dee'd | 6 Apryle 1199 (aged 41) Châlus, Duchy o Aquitaine (nou in Limousin, Fraunce) |
| Buirial | Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou, Fraunce |
| Consort | Berengaria o Navarre |
| Issue | Philip o Cognac |
| Hoose | Hoose o Plantagenet |
| Faither | Henry II o Ingland |
| Mither | Eleanor o Aquitaine |
| Releegion | Roman Catholicism |
Bi the age o 16, Richard haed taken command o his awn airmy, pittin doun rebellions in Poitou against his faither.[1] Richard wis a central Christian commander in the Third Crusade, leadin the campaign rfter the departur o Philip II o Fraunce an achievin conseederable veectories against his Muslim coonterpart, Saladin, awtho he did nae retak Jerusalem frae Saladin.[3]
Richard spaik baith French an Occitan.[4] He wis born in Ingland, whaur he spent his bairnheid; afore acomin king, houiver, he leeved maist o his adult life in the Duchy o Aquitaine, in the soothwast o Fraunce. Follaein his accession, he spent verra little time, aiblins as little as sax month, in Ingland. Maist o his life as king wis spent on Crusade, in capteevity, or actively defendin his launds in Fraunce. Raither than regairdin his kinrick as a responsibility requirin his presence as ruler, he haes been perceived as preferrin tae uise it merely as a soorce o revenue tae support his airmies.[5] Nevertheless, he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects.[6] He remeens ane o the few kings o Ingland rememmered bi his epithet, raither than regnal nummer, an is an endurin iconic feegur baith in Ingland an in Fraunce.[7]
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