Names of large numbers

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Numbers that are larger than one million are usually either represented using scientific notation, or by words.[1]

There are two main ways of using words to write large numbers. The American way or "Short form" for naming large numbers is different from the European way or "Long form" of naming large numbers. This is mainly because of American finance. Short form numbering is based on thousands and Long form is based on millions. Because of this, in Short form a billion is one thousand millions (109) while in Long form it is one million millions (1012). The change in the United Kingdom to Short form numbering happened in 1974. Today, Short form is most commonly used in most English speaking countries.

Some examples

NumberScientific notationGrouping
6 000 000 000 000 0006 × 10156 quadrillion
765 476 250 000 0007.6547625 × 1014765 trillion, 476 billion, 250 million
123 456 7891.23456789 × 108123 million, 456 thousand, 789
145 0001.45 × 105145 thousand

Names for large numbers

Scientific
notation
American name

(Short Form)

Old European name

(Long Form)

Old-British nameSI SymbolMetric prefix
1OneOneOne
10TenTenTendaDeca-
100HundredHundredHundredcCent-
1,000ThousandThousandThousandkKilo-
10,000Ten thousandTen thousandTen thousand
100,000Hundred thousandHundred thousandHundred thousand
1,000,000MillionMillionMillionMMega-
109BillionMilliardThousand millionGGiga-
1012TrillionBillionBillionTTera-
1015QuadrillionBilliardThousand billionPPeta-
1018QuintillionTrillionTrillionEExa-
1021SextillionTrilliardThousand trillionZZetta-
1024SeptillionQuadrillionQuadrillionYYotta-
1027OctillionQuadrilliardThousand quadrillionRRonna-
1030NonillionQuintillionQuintillionQQuetta-
1033DecillionQuintilliardThousand quintillion
1036UndecillionSextillionSextillion
1039DuodecillionSextilliardThousand sextillion
1042TredecillionSeptillionSeptillion
1045QuattuordecillionSeptilliardThousand septillion
1048QuindecillionOctillionOctillion
1051SexdecillionOctilliardThousand octillion
1054SeptendecillionNonillionNonillion
1057OctodecillionNonilliardThousand nonillion
1060NovemdecillionDecillionDecillion
1063VigintillionDecilliardThousand decillion
1066UnvigintillionUndecillionUndecillion
1069DuovigintillionUndecilliardThousand undecillion
1072TrevigintillionDuodecillionDuodecillion
1075QuattuorvigintillionDuodecilliardThousand duodecillion
1078QuinvigintillionTredecillionTredecillion
1081SexvigintillionTredecilliardThousand tredecillion
1084SeptenvigintillionQuattuordecillionQuattuordecillion
1087OctovigintillionQuattuordecilliardThousand quattuordecillion
1090NovemvigintillionQuindecillionQuindecillion
1093TrigintillionQuindecilliardThousand quindecillion
1096UntrigintillionSexdecillionSexdecillion
1099DuotrigintillionSexdecilliardThousand sexdecillion
10100GoogolGoogolGoogol
10102TretrigintillionSeptendecillionSeptendecillion
10105QuattuortrigintillionSeptendecilliardThousand septendecillion
10108QuintrigintillionOctodecillionOctodecillion
10111SextrigintillionOctodecilliardThousand octodecillion
10114SeptentrigintillionNovemdecillionNovemdecillion
10117OctotrigintillionNovemdecilliardThousand novemdecillion
10120NovemtrigintillionVigintillionVigintillion
10123QuadragintillionVigintilliardThousand vigintillion
10126UnquadragintillionUnvigintillionUnvigintillion
10153QuinquagintillionQuinvigintilliard
10183SexagintillionTrigintilliard
10213SeptuagintillionQuintrigintilliard
10243OctogintillionQuadragintilliard
10273NonagintillionQuinquadragintilliard
10303CentillionQuinquagintilliard
10603Ducentillion
103003Millinillion
1010100Googolplex
10101034Skewes' Number
10googolplexGoogolplexplex

There is also the number googol, which is a 1 with 100 zeros behind it (10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000), and the number googolplex, which is a 1 with a googol of zeros behind it, (1010,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) (1010100).The number googolplexplex, is a 1 with a googolplex number of zeros behind it.

The name centillion was devised in the 19th century for the 100th "illion", being 10303 in short form and 10600 in long form, and is much bigger than googol.

History

Numbers were first used by prehistoric tribes. Those prehistoric tribes invented numbers as a way to measure and calculate items, something which required counting. More advanced prehistoric tribes would later invented mathematics and they started adding, subtracting, multiplying, as a way to measure and calaculate more advanced and complex items and certain fields. Large numbers were first used by ancient civilizations such as Sumer, Ancient Egypt, Akkad, Babylonia, the Hittite Empire, Rome, and Greece, for measuring and calculating items. As civilizations grew more complex, numbers did as well.The words bymillion and trimillion, and millions were first written to describe extremely large numbers in 1475 by Jehan Adam. In 1484, Nicolas Chuquet used the words million, byllion, trillion, and even further to write and describe way much larger numbers.[2] Adam and Chuquet both used long scale. For example, Adam's bymillion (Chuquet's byllion) was used to write 1012.[3] While these were the first writings that used these words, Adam and Chuquet were probably not the creators of the words. The word million comes from the Old Italian millione.[2][4] These words were also probably commonly used before the books were written.[2]

References

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