Talk:Turkic languages

The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded:^{[1] [2]}

Number	Country	Speakers (ml)	Major Speakers Languages
1	Turkey	55 - 65	Turkish language - Azerbaijani language
2	Uzbekistan	25 - 30	Uzbek language - Kazakh language
3	Iran	13 - 15	Azerbaijani language - Qashqai language
4	Kazakhstan	13 - 14	Kazakh language - Uzbek language
5	China	10 - 12	Uyghur language - Kazakh language
6	Azerbaijan	9 - 10	Azerbaijani language - Turkish language
7	Russia	9 - 10	Tatar language - Bashkir language - Sakha language
8	Kyrgyzstan	5.5 - 6	Kyrgyz language - Uzbek language
9	Turkmenistan	4.5 - 5	Turkmen language - Uzbek language
10	European Union	4 - 5	Turkish language - Azerbaijani language
11	Afghanistan	3 - 4	Uzbek language - Turkmen language
12	Iraq	1 - 2	Azerbaijani language - Turkish language
13	Tajikistan	1 - 1.5	Uzbek language - Kyrgyz language
14	United States	0.5 - 1	Turkish language - Azerbaijani language
15	Syria	0.5 - 1	Azerbaijani language - Turkish language
-	Rest of World	0.5 - 1	Turkish language - Azerbaijani language
Total	Turkic languages	170 - 180	Turkish language - Uzbek language

An endangered language, or moribund language, is a language that is at risk of falling out of use as its speakers die out or shift to speaking another language. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a dead language.

25 endangered Turkic languages exist in the world. The number of speakers are derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded:^{[3] [4]}

Number	Name	Status	Speakers	Main Country
1	Bashkir language	Vulnerable	1,500,000	Russia
2	Chuvash language	Vulnerable	1,200,000	Russia
3	Khorasani Turkic language	Vulnerable	1,000,000	Iran
4	Crimean Tatar language	Severely endangered	600,000	Ukraine
5	Kumyk language	Vulnerable	450,000	Russia
6	Yakut language	Vulnerable	400,000	Russia
7	Karachay-Balkar language	Vulnerable	400,000	Russia
8	Tuvan language	Vulnerable	300,000	Russia
9	Urum language	Definitely endangered	200,000	Ukraine
10	Gagauz language	Critically endangered	150,000	Moldova
11	Siberian Tatar language	Definitely endangered	100,000	Russia
12	Nogai language	Definitely endangered	100,000	Russia
13	Salar language	Vulnerable	70,000	China
14	Altai language	Severely endangered	60,000	Russia
15	Khakas language	Definitely endangered	50,000	Russia
16	Khalaj language	Vulnerable	20,000	Iran
17	Äynu language	Critically endangered	6,000	China
18	Western Yugur language	Severely endangered	5,000	China
19	Shor language	Severely endangered	3,000	Russia
20	Dolgan language	Definitely endangered	1,000	Russia
21	Krymchak language	Critically endangered	200	Israel
22	Tofa language	Critically endangered	100	Russia
23	Karaim language	Critically endangered	100	Ukraine
24	Ili Turki language	Severely endangered	100	China
25	Chulym language	Critically endangered	50	Russia

Russia

14 endangered Turkic languages exist in Russia:^{[5] [6]}

• The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded.

Ukraine

• The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded.

China

In Qinghai (Amdo), the Salar language has a heavy Chinese and Tibetan influence.^[7] Although of Turkic origin, major linguistic structures have been absorbed from Chinese. Around 20% of the vocabulary is of Chinese origin, and 10% is also of Tibetan origin. Yet the official Communist Chinese government policy deliberately covers up these influences in academic and linguistics studies, trying to emphasize the Turkic element and completely ignoring the Chinese in the Salar language.^[8] The Salar language has taken loans and influence from neighboring varieties of Chinese.^[9] It is neighboring variants of Chinese which have loaned words to the Salar language.^[9] In Qinghai, many Salar men speak both the Qinghai dialect of Chinese and Salar. Rural Salars can speak Salar fluently while urban Salars often assimilate into the Chinese speaking Hui population.^[10]

• The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded.

Iran

Khorasani Turkic, is an Oghuz Turkic language spoken in northern North Khorasan Province and Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran. Nearly all Khorasani Turkic speakers are also bilingual in Persian.^{[11] [12]}

The Khalaj speak their Turkic language and Persian, and the supposed Iranian language of the Khalaj is spurious.^[13] Although it contains lot of arhaic Old Turkic elements, it became widely Persianized.^[14][15]

• The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded.

Moldova

• The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded.

Israel

• The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded.

Afghanistan

Many Turkic languages have gone extinct in Afghanistan. ^[16]

Iraq

In 1980, Saddam Hussein's government adopted a policy of assimilation of its minorities. Due to government relocation programs, thousands of Iraqi Turkmen were relocated from their traditional homelands in northern Iraq and replaced by Arabs, in an effort to Arabize the region.^[17] Furthermore, Iraqi Turkmen villages and towns were destroyed to make way for Arab migrants, who were promised free land and financial incentives. For example, the Ba'th regime recognised that the city of Kirkuk was historically an Iraqi Arab city and remained firmly in its cultural orientation.^[18] Thus, the first wave of Arabization saw Arab families move from the centre and south of Iraq into Kirkuk to work in the expanding oil industry. Although the Iraqi Turkmen were not actively forced out, new Arab quarters were established in the city and the overall demographic balance of the city changed as the Arab migrations continued.^[18]

Several presidential decrees and directives from state security and intelligence organizations indicate that the Iraqi Turkmen were a particular focus of attention during the assimilation process during the Ba'th regime. For example, the Iraqi Military Intelligence issued directive 1559 on 6 May 1980 ordering the deportation of Iraqi Turkmen officials from Kirkuk, issuing the following instructions: "identify the places where Turkmen officials are working in governmental offices [in order] to deport them to other governorates in order to disperse them and prevent them from concentrating in this governorate [Kirkuk]".^[19] In addition, on 30 October 1981, the Revolution's Command Council issued decree 1391, which authorized the deportation of Iraqi Turkmen from Kiruk with paragraph 13 noting that "this directive is specially aimed at Turkmen and Kurdish officials and workers who are living in Kirkuk".^[19]

As primary victims of these Arabization policies, the Iraqi Turkmen suffered from land expropriation and job discrimination, and therefore would register themselves as "Arabs" in order to avoid discrimination.^[20] Thus, ethnic cleansing was an element of the Ba'thist policy aimed at reducing the influence of the Iraqi Turkmen in northern Iraq's Kirkuk.^[21] Those Iraqi Turkmen who remained in cities such as Kirkuk were subject to continued assimilation policies;^[21] school names, neighbourhoods, villages, streets, markets and even mosques with names of Turkic origin were changed to names that emanated from the Ba'th Party or from Arab heroes.^[21] Moreover, many Iraqi Turkmen villages and neighbourhoods in Kirkuk were simply demolished, particularly in the 1990s.^[21]