Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital of Estonia. It is on the north-eastern coast of Estonia and borders the Gulf of Finland. The city is next to many lakes. The largest of these lakes is called Lake Ülemiste, and most Tallinnites get their drinking water from this lake.
Tallinn | |
|---|---|
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Tallinn Location of Tallinn within Estonia | |
| Coordinates: 59°26′14″N 24°44′43″E / 59.43722°N 24.74528°E | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Harju County |
| First appeared on map | 1154 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Mihhail Kõlvart (Centre Party) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 159.2 km2 (61.5 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 40 m (130 ft) |
| Population (1 August 2012) | |
| • Total | 416,993 |
| • Density | 2,600/km2 (6,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Website | http://www.tallinn.ee/ |
Tallinn's Old Town, which is the historic town center, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1][2]
History
Tallinn first appeared on a map in 1154, when the cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi, calling the city Qlwn, added it to his map of the world.[3] After being conquered by the Danes, the city was known as Reval until Estonia became an independent nation in the 1920s.
In 1285, the city became a part of the Hanseatic League. As a result, in the Middle Ages Tallinn was an important stop on the trade routes between Europe and Russia.[3] During its history Estonia has been ruled at times by Sweden and by Russia. It became independent in 1918 after World War I, but after World War II it was ruled by the USSR. In March 1944 Tallinn was bombed by Soviet Air Force, killing 436 civilians and totally destroying 5073 buildings. Since 1991, Tallinn has been the capital of an independent Estonia.
Today more than 400,000 people live in Tallinn, which is one third of the population of Estonia. It is a big sea port. Its food and textile industries are important. The town has many pretty, old buildings.
Climate
The chart below shows the climate of Tallinn.
| Climate data for Tallinn, Estonia (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) | 10.2 (50.4) | 15.9 (60.6) | 27.2 (81.0) | 29.4 (84.9) | 30.7 (87.3) | 34.3 (93.7) | 34.2 (93.6) | 28.0 (82.4) | 21.8 (71.2) | 12.1 (53.8) | 10.7 (51.3) | 34.3 (93.7) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) | −1.6 (29.1) | 2.3 (36.1) | 9.2 (48.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 18.9 (66.0) | 21.9 (71.4) | 20.4 (68.7) | 15.2 (59.4) | 9.5 (49.1) | 3.5 (38.3) | 0.4 (32.7) | 9.5 (49.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) | −4.3 (24.3) | −1.0 (30.2) | 4.5 (40.1) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.1 (57.4) | 17.2 (63.0) | 16.0 (60.8) | 11.3 (52.3) | 6.5 (43.7) | 1.3 (34.3) | −1.9 (28.6) | 5.9 (42.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) | −7.1 (19.2) | −4.1 (24.6) | 0.6 (33.1) | 5.2 (41.4) | 9.5 (49.1) | 12.7 (54.9) | 12.0 (53.6) | 7.6 (45.7) | 3.8 (38.8) | −0.9 (30.4) | −4.3 (24.3) | 2.4 (36.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.4 (−24.5) | −28.7 (−19.7) | −24.5 (−12.1) | −12.0 (10.4) | −5.0 (23.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | 4.0 (39.2) | 2.4 (36.3) | −4.1 (24.6) | −10.5 (13.1) | −18.8 (−1.8) | −24.3 (−11.7) | −31.4 (−24.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 56 (2.2) | 36 (1.4) | 37 (1.5) | 32 (1.3) | 36 (1.4) | 64 (2.5) | 84 (3.3) | 86 (3.4) | 67 (2.6) | 78 (3.1) | 70 (2.8) | 57 (2.2) | 704 (27.7) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 12 | 153 |
| Average snowy days | 19 | 18 | 13 | 5 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2 | 11 | 18 | 87 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 88 | 85 | 81 | 73 | 69 | 74 | 76 | 79 | 82 | 85 | 88 | 88 | 81 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 25.0 | 55.7 | 129.3 | 202.8 | 292.9 | 285.7 | 307.4 | 240.7 | 151.5 | 87.4 | 28.6 | 18.8 | 1,825.8 |
| Source 1: Estonian Weather Service[4][5][6][7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Pogoda.ru.net (rainy and snowy days)[8] | |||||||||||||
Gallery
View of the Old City
Tower of Fat Margaret
St Nicholas
Kadriorg Palace
Lutheran church
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
Street in the Old City
Victory column
St Catherine passage
Pikk Hermann
City walls
References
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