| IPA | Tibetan | English approximation |
|---|
| حرف صحیحs |
|---|
| b | བ | bog [p] on a low tone | | c | ཀྱ | church | | cʰ | ཁྱ གྱ | church | | ɕ | ཞ ཤ | sheep | | d | ད | dog ([t] on a low tone) | | dz | ཛ | adz ([ts] on a low tone) | | dʑ | ཇ | jeep ([tɕ] on a low tone) | | ɡ | ག | gone ([k] on a low tone) | | h | ཧ | head | | j | ཡ | yes | | ɟ | གྱ | judge, (UK) dew ([c] on a low tone) | | k | ཀ | scat | | kʰ | ཁ ག | cat | | l | ལ | leap | | l̥ | ལྷ | (voiceless l, like hl) | | m | མ | moon | | n | ན | noon | | ɲ | ཉ | canyon | | ŋ | ང | song | | p | པ | spin | | pʰ | ཕ བ | pin | | ɹ | ར | the r in drink | | s | ཟ ས | song | | ʂ | ཧྲ | like first part of shrew [ʂɹu] | | t | ཏ | stop | | tʰ | ཐ ད | top | | ʈ ~ ʈʂ | ཀྲ | stream | | ʈʰ ~ ʈʂʰ | ཁྲ གྲ | trunk | | tɕ | ཅ | beach | | tɕʰ | ཆ ཇ | cheer | | ts | ཙ | cats | | tsʰ | ཚ ཛ | tsunami | | w | ཝ | water | | z | ཟ | zoo ([s] on a low tone) | | ʑ | ཞ | genre ([ɕ] on a low tone) | | ʔ | ཨ | oh-oh! | | ʕ | འ | like ɦ but more pharyngeal |
| | IPA | Tibetan | English approximation |
|---|
| مصوتs |
|---|
| a | | between fat and father | | e | | Spanish e (in Sp. open syllables) | | ɛ | | bed | | i | | see | | ɪ | | sit but more centralised | | o | | Spanish o (in Sp. open syllables) | | ø | | French eu, German ö | | ɔ | | dawn (mid-west US accent) | | u | | moon | | ʊ | | good but more centralised | | ʌ | | cup, RP | | y | | French u, German ü | | ̃ | | nasal vowel |
| Tones |
|---|
| IPA | Description |
|---|
| sí | high level: si˥ | | sî | high falling: si˥˧ | | sǐ | low rising: si˩˧ | | sì | low level: si˩ |
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