Help:IPA/Tibetan

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Tibetan pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

IPA	Tibetan	English approximation
Consonants
b	བ	bog ([p] on a low tone)
c	ཀྱ	skew
cʰ	ཁྱ གྱ	cute
ɕ	ཞ ཤ	sheep
d	ད	dog ([t] on a low tone)
ɖ ~ ɖʐ	གྲ	draw ([ʈ]~[ʈʂ] on a low tone)
dz	ཛ	adz ([ts] on a low tone)
dʑ	ཇ	jeep ([tɕ] on a low tone)
ɡ	ག	gone ([k] on a low tone)
h	ཧ	head
j	ཡ	yes
ɟ	གྱ	argue ([c] on a low tone)
k	ཀ	scat
kʰ	ཁ ག	cat
l	ལ	leap
l̥	ལྷ	(voiceless l, like hl)
m	མ	moon
n	ན	noon
ɲ	ཉ	canyon
ŋ	ང	song
p	པ	spin
pʰ	ཕ བ	pin
ɹ	ར	the r in drink
ɹ̥	རྷ	(voiceless r, like hr)
s	ཟ ས	song
ʂ	ཧྲ	like first part of shrew [ʂɹu]
t	ཏ	stop
tʰ	ད ཐ	top
ʈ ~ ʈʂ	ཀྲ	stream
ʈʰ ~ ʈʂʰ	ཁྲ གྲ	track
tɕ	ཅ	beach
tɕʰ	ཇ ཆ	cheer
ts	ཙ	cats
tsʰ	ཛ ཚ	tsunami
w	ཝ	water
z	ཟ	zoo ([s] on a low tone)
ʑ	ཞ	genre ([ɕ] on a low tone)
ʔ	ཨ	oh-oh!
ʎ	ལྱ	Spanish castilla
ɥ	ཝཡ	French huit (Between yet and wet)
ç	ཧྱ	similarly huge

IPA	Tibetan	English approximation
Vowels
a	ཨ	between fat and father
e	ཨེ	Spanish e (in Sp. open syllables)
ɛ	ཨ	bed
i	ཨི	see
ɪ	ཨི	sit but more centralised
o	ཨོ	Spanish o (in Sp. open syllables)
ø	ཨོ	French eu, German ö
ɔ	ཨོ	off
œ	ཨོ	Danish ø
u	ཨུ	moon
ʊ	ཨུ	good but more centralised
y	ཨུ	French u, German ü
ʏ	ཨུ	Dutch u
◌̃		nasal vowel

Tones
IPA	Description
sí	high level: si˥
sî	high falling: si˥˧
sǐ	low rising: si˩˧
sì	low level: si˩

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