Carl Friedrich Gauss

**Carl Friedrich Gauss**
Carl Friedrich Gauss
	Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), painted by Christian Albrecht Jensen
Natawo	30 Abril 1777; Braunschweig, Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Holy Roman Empire
Namatay	23 Pebrero 1855 (edad 77); Göttingen, Kingdom of Hanover
Taga	Kingdom of Hanover
Nasodhanon	German
Mga larangan	Mathematics and Physics
Mga instituto	University of Göttingen
Alma mater	University of Helmstedt
Nagsagdon han pagdodoktor niya	Johann Friedrich Pfaff
Other academic advisors	Johann Christian Martin Bartels
Mga tinudlo niya han pagdodoktor	Friedrich Bessel; Christoph Gudermann; Christian Ludwig Gerling; Richard Dedekind; Johann Encke; Johann Listing; Bernhard Riemann; Christian Peters; Moritz Cantor
Other notable students	Gotthold Eisenstein; Gustav Kirchhoff; Ernst Kummer; Johann Dirichlet; August Ferdinand Möbius; Julius Weisbach; L. C. Schnürlein
Nakilala mahitungod han	See full list
Nakaimpluwensya	Sophie Germain
Mga dagko nga pahidungog	Copley Medal (1838)
	Pirma;

Hi Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (30 Abril 1777 – 23 Pebrero 1855) usa nga Aleman nga matematiko ngan syentipiko nga dako an naibulig ha lain-lain nga butang sugad han teorya han ihap, estadistika, analisis, heyometriya diferensyal, heodisya, elektrostatika, astronomiya, ngan optika.

Mga sinurat

1799: Disserytasyon pandoktoral han Panguna nga teyorema han alhebra, nga may titulo: Demonstratio nova theorematis omnem functionem algebraicam rationalem integram unius variabilis in factores reales primi vel secundi gradus resolvi posse ("New proof of the theorem that every integral algebraic function of one variable can be resolved into real factors (i.e., polynomials) of the first or second degree")

1801: Disquisitiones Arithmeticae. Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Ikaduha nga edisyon)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires |journal= (help), pp. 1–453. Hinubad ha Iningles ni Arthur A. Clarke "Disquisitiones Arithemeticae (Ikaduha, ginliwat nga edisyon)". New York: Springer. 1986. ISBN. Cite journal requires |journal= (help).

1808: "Theorematis arithmetici demonstratio nova". Göttingen: Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen XVI. Cite journal requires |journal= (help). Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ngan iba nga papeles hinunong han teyorya han ihap) (Ikaduha nga edisyon)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires |journal= (help), pp. 457–462 [Ginpakilala an Gauss's lemma, nga nagamit hin ikatulo nga pruweba han reciprocidad kwadratiko]

1809: Theoria Motus Corporum Coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientium (Theorie der Bewegung der Himmelskörper, die die Sonne in Kegelschnitten umkreisen), Hinubad ha Iningles ni C. H. Davis, reprinted 1963, Dover, New York.

1811: "Summatio serierun quarundam singularium". Göttingen: Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen. Cite journal requires |journal= (help). Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires |journal= (help), pp. 463–495 [Determinasyon han sinyales han quadratic Gauss sum, nga nagamit hini para makahatag han ikaupat nga pruweba han reciprosidad kwadtatiko]

1812: Disquisitiones Generales Circa Seriem Infinitam $1+{\frac {\alpha \beta }{\gamma .1}}+{\mbox{etc.}}$

1818: "Theorematis fundamentallis in doctrina de residuis quadraticis demonstrationes et amplicationes novae". Göttingen: Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen. Cite journal requires |journal= (help). Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires |journal= (help), pp. 496–510 [Fifth and sixth proofs of quadratic reciprocity]

1821, 1823 und 1826: Theoria combinationis observationum erroribus minimis obnoxiae. Drei Abhandlungen betreffend die Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung als Grundlage des Gauß'schen Fehlerfortpflanzungsgesetzes. (Three essays concerning the calculation of probabilities as the basis of the Gaussian law of error propagation) Hinubad ha Iningles ni G. W. Stewart, 1987, Society for Industrial Mathematics.

1827: Disquisitiones generales circa superficies curvas, Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingesis Recentiores. Volume VI, pp. 99–146. "General Investigations of Curved Surfaces" (published 1965) Raven Press, New York, translated by A.M.Hiltebeitel and J.C.Morehead.

1828: "Theoria residuorum biquadraticorum, Commentatio prima". Göttingen: Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen 6. Cite journal requires |journal= (help). Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires |journal= (help), pp. 511–533 [Elementary facts about biquadratic residues, proves one of the supplements of the law of biquadratic reciprocity (the biquadratic character of 2)]

1832: "Theoria residuorum biquadraticorum, Commentatio secunda". Göttingen: Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen 7. Cite journal requires |journal= (help). Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires |journal= (help), pp. 534–586 [Introduces the Gaussian integers, states (without proof) the law of biquadratic reciprocity, proves the supplementary law for 1 + i]

1843/44: Untersuchungen über Gegenstände der Höheren Geodäsie. Erste Abhandlung^{[dead link]}, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Zweiter Band, pp. 3–46

1846/47: Untersuchungen über Gegenstände der Höheren Geodäsie. Zweite Abhandlung^{[dead link]}, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Dritter Band, pp. 3–44

Mathematisches Tagebuch 1796–1814, Ostwaldts Klassiker, Harri Deutsch Verlag 2005, mit Anmerkungen von Neumamn, ISBN 978-3-8171-3402-1 (English translation with annotations by Jeremy Gray: Expositiones Math. 1984)
Kan Gauss mga tinirok nga ginbuhat in aada-ha-linya dinhi^{[dead link]} Naglalakip ini han mga hinubad ha Inaleman han Linatin nga mga teksto ngan mga komentaryo tikang ha mga dirudilain mga otoridad

Mga kasarigan

Padugang nga barasahon

Bühler, Walter Kaufmann (1987). Gauss: A Biographical Study. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-10662-6.
Dunnington, G. Waldo. (2003). Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science. The Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 0-88385-547-X. OCLC 53933110. https://archive.org/details/carlfriedrichgau0000dunn.
Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1965). Disquisitiones Arithmeticae. tr. Arthur A. Clarke. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09473-6.
Hall, Tord (1970). Carl Friedrich Gauss: A Biography. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-08040-0. OCLC 185662235. https://archive.org/details/carlfriedrichgau00tord.
Kehlmann, Daniel (2005). Die Vermessung der Welt. Rowohlt. ISBN 3-498-03528-2. OCLC 144590801.
Sartorius von Waltershausen, Wolfgang (1966). Gauss: A Memorial.
Simmons, J. (1996). The Giant Book of Scientists: The 100 Greatest Minds of All Time. Sydney: The Book Company.
Tent, Margaret (2006). The Prince of Mathematics: Carl Friedrich Gauss. A K Peters. ISBN 1-56881-455-0. https://archive.org/details/princeofmathemat0000mbwt.

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