2020 Brazilian municipal elections

The Superior Electoral Court defined on 17 December 2019 the Electoral Calendar for 2020 Brazilian municipal election. According to the calendar, the first round should take place on 4 October, and the second round, on 25 October, from 8 am to 5 pm in both cases. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, these dates were moved forward to 15 November and 29 November, respectively.^[2][3]

The 2020 municipal elections are the first since the general elections of 2018, marking the rise of bolsonarism, a movement in support of President Jair Bolsonaro, and a new political-electoral dynamic emerging on the political scene; in a way, an assessment of the President's electoral strength.^[4]

The 2018 general elections, in addition to choosing the President of the Republic, the Governors of State and the Federal District, Senators and Federal, State and District Deputies, granted new mayors to many cities in the country. This happened due to article 14, §6, of the Constitution, establishing that:

To run for other positions, the President of the Republic, the State and Federal District Governors and the Mayors must resign their respective mandates up to six months before the election.— Article 14, §6, of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brasil^[5]

Thus, many mayors, wishing to run for other positions, had to resign their mandate until 5 April 2018, starting a new management in such municipalities. Those who took on such management would be responsible for the remaining period, that is, until 31 December 2020.

The following mayors resigned from their post to be a candidate for governor in 2018:

• Carlos Amastha (PSB), Mayor of Palmas;^[6]
• Carlos Eduardo Alves (PDT), Mayor of Natal;^[7]
• Marcus Alexandre (PT), Mayor of Rio Branco;^[8]
• João Doria (PSDB), Mayor of São Paulo;^[9]
• José Ronaldo (DEM), Mayor of Feira de Santana.^[10]

Of the mayors mentioned above, only one was successful, João Dória, the others, in addition to not winning the elections they disputed, lost their positions as Mayor.^{[11][12][13][14]}

In March 2020, a discussion involving the postponement of the election surrounded the Congress, due to the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil. Some mayors and federal deputies propose that the election should be rescheduled to 2021 or 2022, fusing with the 2022 general election.^[15][16][17] Both President of the Superior Electoral Court, Justice Rosa Weber, and President of the Chamber of Deputies, deputy Rodrigo Maia (DEM-RJ), state that it is "a premature debate" and that it could cause "a very large institutional risk", respectively.^[18][19] Federal deputy Aécio Neves (PSDB-MG) filed in a bill to postpone the election to October 2022 and unify all the elections, reduce the term length for senators to four years, ban re-election for executive seats (president, governors and mayors) and increase their term length to five years.^[20]

The year 2020 marks the entry of Generation Z into the electoral race, with the youngest group being between 18 and 20 years old,^[21] the increase in the number of applications from religious priests^[22] and the multiplication of candidates who present themselves armed and in favor of armamentism.^[23]

Mayoral election

The mayoral election has a difference depending on the population of the municipality in question. In municipalities with up to 200,000 voters the first-past-the-post system is used, while in municipalities more than 200,000 the two-round system is used, in compliance with article 77 of the Constitution.^[5]

The Municipality will be governed by an organic law, voted in two rounds, with a minimum intersection of ten days, and approved by two-thirds of the members of the City Council, who will promulgate it, in compliance with the principles established in this Constitution, in the Constitution of the respective State and the following precepts:

I – election of the Mayor, the Vice-Mayor and the Councilors, for a term of four years, by means of a direct and simultaneous election held throughout the country;

II – election of the Mayor and the Vice-Mayor held on the first Sunday of October of the year preceding the end of the mandate of those who must succeed, applying the rules of art. 77, in the case of Municipalities with more than two hundred thousand voters;

III – inauguration of the Mayor and the Vice-Mayor on 1 January of the year following the election;

IV – for the composition of the City Councils, the maximum limit of:

[Limited number of members of the City Councils in the country according to the number of inhabitants, ranging from 9 councilors (for cities with uo 15,000 people) to 55 councilors (for cities with more than 8,000,000, only one Municipality: São Paulo)]

[...]

— Article 29 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil^[5]

The election of the President and Vice-President of the Republic will take place, simultaneously, on the first Sunday of October, in the first round, and on the last Sunday of October, in the second round, if any, of the previous year. the end of the current presidential term.

§1. The election of the President of the Republic will import that of the Vice-President registered with him.

§2. The candidate who, registered by a political party, obtains an absolute majority of votes will be considered elected, not counting the blank and null votes.

§3. If no candidate reaches an absolute majority in the first vote, a new election will be held within twenty days after the result is proclaimed, with the two most voted candidates running and the one with the most valid votes being considered elected.

§4. If, before the second round takes place, death, withdrawal or legal impediment of a candidate occurs, the one with the most votes will be called, among the remainder.

§5. If, in the hypothesis of the previous paragraphs, more than one candidate with the same vote remains in second place, the oldest will be qualified.

— Article 77 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil.^[5]

City Council election

The election for City Councils uses the system of proportional representation by open list, however, unlike previous elections, there will be no formation of coalitions for Municipal Legislative Powers, so each party will form a separate list.^[4][24]

National results

Party		Votes	%	Seats
				Mayors	+/-	Councillors	+/-
	Brazilian Social Democracy Party	10,332,139	10.53	654	265	4377	987
	Brazilian Democratic Movement	10,290,749	10.49	784	251	7335	225
	Social Democratic Party	10,145,167	10.34	654	117	5694	1044
	Democrats	8,066,979	8.22	464	198	4341	1436
	Progressistas	7,372,094	7.52	685	191	6346	1603
	Workers' Party	6,684,113	6.81	183	71	2665	150
	Brazilian Socialist Party	5,124,512	5.22	252	151	3029	606
	Democratic Labour Party	5,092,367	5.19	314	17	3441	329
	Republicanos	4,860,070	4.95	211	108	2601	980
	Liberal Party	4,552,077	4.64	345	54	3467	448
	Podemos	2,868,355	2.92	102	73	1528	114
	Social Liberal Party	2,764,437	2.82	90	60	1205	327
	Brazilian Labour Party	2,566,179	2.62	212	42	2474	590
	Cidadania	2,511,126	2.56	139	22	1585	92
	Socialism and Liberty Party	2,208,100	2.25	5	3	89	33
	Social Christian Party	2,075,737	2.12	116	30	1510	18
	Patriota	1,900,762	1.94	49	36	719	420
	Solidariedade	1,880,329	1.92	94	34	1348	90
	Avante	1,374,971	1.40	82	71	1054	565
	Republican Party of the Social Order	1,295,213	1.32	41	9	754	233
	Communist Party of Brazil	1,143,941	1.17	46	34	697	427
	Brazilian Labour Renewal Party	831,873	0.85	6	3	220	171
	Green Party	708,641	0.72	47	51	805	717
	New Party	384,333	0.39	1	1	29	25
	Sustainability Network	376,156	0.38	5	1	144	36
	Christian Democracy	224,931	0.23	1	7	123	296
	Christian Labour Party	182,952	0.19	1	15	220	353
	Party of National Mobilization	156,675	0.16	13	15	200	326
	Brazilian Woman's Party	60,445	0.06	1	2	46	170
	United Socialist Workers' Party	33,324	0.03	0		0
	Popular Unity	16,196	0.02	0	New	0	New
	Brazilian Communist Party	2,416	0.00	0		0	1
	Workers' Cause Party	1,188	0.00	0		0
Total		98,088,547	100.00	5597	–	58046	–
Valid votes		98,088,547	89.94
Invalid votes		7,054,302	6.47
Blank votes		3,915,103	3.59
Total votes		109,057,952	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		147,918,483	73.73

Results in capitals

Capital	State	Mayor	Party		Vice Mayor	Party
Aracaju	Sergipe	Edvaldo Nogueira		PDT	Katarina Feitoza		PSD
Belém	Pará	Edmilson Rodrigues		PSOL	Edilson Moura		PT
Belo Horizonte	Minas Gerais	Alexandre Kalil		PSD	Fuad Noman		PSD
Boa Vista	Roraima	Arthur Henrique		MDB	Cássio Gomes		MDB
Campo Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul	Marcos Trad		PSD	Adriane Lopes		Patriota
Cuiabá	Mato Grosso	Emanuel Pinheiro		MDB	José Roberto Stopa		PV
Curitiba	Paraná	Rafael Greca		DEM	Eduardo Pimentel		PSD
Florianópolis	Santa Catarina	Gean Loureiro		DEM	Topázio Neto		Republicanos
Fortaleza	Ceará	José Sarto		PDT	Élcio Batista		PSB
Goiânia	Goiás	Maguito Vilela		MDB	Rogério Cruz		Republicanos
João Pessoa	Paraíba	Cícero Lucena		PP	Leonardo Bezerra		Cidadania
Macapá	Amapá	Antônio Furlan		Cidadania	Monica Penha		MDB
Maceió	Alagoas	João Henrique Caldas		PSB	Ronaldo Lessa		PDT
Manaus	Amazonas	David Almeida		Avante	Marcos Rotta		DEM
Natal	Rio Grande do Norte	Álvaro Dias		PSDB	Aíla Cortez		PDT
Palmas	Tocantins	Cinthia Ribeiro		PSDB	Lucas Meira		PSB
Porto Alegre	Rio Grande do Sul	Sebastião Melo		MDB	Ricardo Gomes		MDB
Porto Velho	Rondônia	Hildon Chaves		PSDB	Maurício Carvalho		PSDB
Recife	Pernambuco	João Campos		PSB	Isabella de Roldão		PDT
Rio Branco	Acre	Tião Bocalom		PP	Marfiza Galvão		PSD
Rio de Janeiro	Rio de Janeiro	Eduardo Paes		DEM	Nilton Caldeira		PL
Salvador	Bahia	Bruno Soares Reis		DEM	Ana Paula Matos		PDT
São Luís	Maranhão	Eduardo Braide		PODE	Esmênia Miranda		PSD
São Paulo	São Paulo	Bruno Covas		PSDB	Ricardo Nunes		MDB
Teresina	Piauí	José Pessoa Leal		MDB	Robert Rios		PSB
Vitória	Espírito Santo	Lorenzo Pazolini		Republicanos	Estéfane Ferreira		Republicanos