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Foreign relations of Cambodia

The Cambodian government has diplomatic relations with most countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, as well as all of its Asian neighbors, including China, India, Vietnam, Laos, South Korea, and Thailand. The government is a member of most major international organizations, including the United Nations and its specialized agencies such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The government is an Asian Development Bank (ADB) member, a member of ASEAN, and of the WTO. In 2005 Cambodia attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. The government is also a member of the Pacific Alliance (as observer) and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (as dialogue partner).[1]

International disputes

Delegates of the ASEAN Summit pose for a photograph at the Peace Palace in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, on 19 November 2012.

Cambodia is involved in a dispute regarding offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam. In addition, the maritime boundary Cambodia has with Vietnam is undefined. Parts of Cambodia's border with Thailand are indefinite, and the maritime boundary with Thailand is not clearly defined.

Illicit drugs

Cambodia is a transshipment site for Golden Triangle heroin, and possibly a site of money laundering. There is corruption related to narcotics in parts of the government, military and police. Cambodia is also a possible site of small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production. The country is a large producer of cannabis for the international market.[2]

International organization participation

ACCT, AsDB, ASEAN, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), International Monetary Fund, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WB, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Cambodia maintains diplomatic relations with:

#Country[3]Date
1  United States11 July 1950
2  Thailand19 December 1950
3  Italy27 July 1951
4  Liberia16 November 1951
5  Spain16 November 1951
6  Australia15 January 1952
7  United Kingdom15 May 1952
8  Pakistan28 May 1952
9  Sri Lanka28 May 1952
10  India30 May 1952
11  France4 November 1952
12  Egypt30 March 1953[4]
13  Japan4 May 1954
14  Myanmar12 July 1955[5]
15  Laos15 June 1956[6]
16  Russia6 November 1956
17  Czech Republic16 April 1957
18  Philippines27 August 1957
19  Poland16 April 1957
20  Netherlands1957[7]
21  China19 July 1958
22  Indonesia13 February 1959
23  Israel16 February 1959[8]
24  New Zealand18 February 1959
25  Cuba15 April 1960
26  Bulgaria18 September 1960[9]
27  Mongolia30 November 1960
28  Singapore26 April 1961
29  Romania10 January 1963[10]
30  Lebanon13 July 1963[11]
31  Hungary22 July 1963
39  Germany19 February 1964[12]
32  North Korea20 December 1964
33  Argentina1 February 1966
34  Algeria2 December 1966[13]
35  Vietnam24 June 1967
36  Albania9 October 1967
37  Austria9 October 1967
38  Denmark9 October 1967
39   Switzerland9 October 1967
40  Belgium19 October 1967
41  Yemen19 March 1968
42  GuineaJune 1969[14]
43  South KoreaMay 1970[15]
44  Democratic Republic of the Congo5 October 1972[16]
45  Cameroon13 October 1972[17]
46  Colombia1 August 1973
47  JordanSeptember 1974[18]
48    Nepal18 April 1975[19]
49  Guyana5 September 1975
50  Mexico26 September 1975[20]
51  Angola4 December 1975
52  Peru31 May 1976
53  Mozambique25 June 1975[21]
54  GrenadaBefore 1982[22]
55  SomaliaBefore 1983[23]
56  GabonBefore 1984[24]
57  NigerBefore 1984[24]
58  Cabo VerdeMarch 1984[25]
59  Ethiopia1980s
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic1980s
60  Libya16 February 1990
61  Sweden27 April 1991
62  Canada25 November 1991
63  Eswatini13 December 1991
–  State of Palestine17 December 1991
64  Malaysia19 December 1991
65  Mauritania9 March 1992
66  Ukraine23 April 1992
67  Finland23 May 1992
68  Portugal29 May 1992
69  Iran5 June 1992
70  Brunei9 June 1992
71  Bangladesh17 February 1993
72  Malta6 June 1993
73  Chile16 February 1994
74  Kazakhstan25 February 1994
75  Nicaragua10 March 1994
76  Brazil25 March 1994
–  Holy See25 March 1994
77  Bolivia26 April 1994
78  Norway29 April 1994
79  Burundi15 May 1994
80  Turkey14 June 1994
81  Venezuela18 June 1994
82  Ecuador29 June 1994
83  Kuwait16 July 1994
84  Uruguay29 September 1994
85  Papua New Guinea7 October 1994
86  United Arab Emirates21 October 1994
87  Paraguay27 October 1994
88  Belize1 November 1994
89  Georgia17 November 1994
90  Mali2 December 1994
91  Sudan5 January 1995
92  Benin23 January 1995
93  South Africa26 January 1995
94  Azerbaijan2 February 1995
95  Iraq22 February 1995
96  Tanzania8 March 1995
97  Moldova10 March 1995
98  Kyrgyzstan23 March 1995
99  Turkmenistan6 April 1995
100  Tunisia12 April 1995
101  Federated States of Micronesia2 May 1995
102  Mauritius18 May 1995
103  Ghana24 May 1995
104  Armenia18 August 1995
105  Uzbekistan7 September 1995
106  Maldives21 September 1995
107  Latvia22 September 1995
108  Lithuania22 September 1995
109  Vanuatu26 September 1995
110  Belarus25 October 1995
111  Tajikistan29 November 1995
112  Panama15 February 1996[26]
113  Guatemala26 February 1996
114  Honduras26 February 1996
115  Greece8 April 1996
116  Zambia8 May 1996
117  Slovenia16 July 1996
118  Seychelles15 August 1996
119  Croatia10 September 1996
120  Morocco23 October 1996
121  North Macedonia29 October 1996
122  Slovakia20 February 1997
123  Madagascar25 March 1997
124  Senegal14 October 1999
125  Ireland30 October 1999
126  Costa RicaBefore 1999[27]
127  Cyprus16 August 2000
128  Republic of the Congo13 September 2000
129  Nigeria28 May 2001
130  Zimbabwe30 June 2001
131  Luxembourg15 May 2002
132  East Timor29 July 2002
133  Iceland19 June 2003
134  Bosnia and Herzegovina23 December 2003
135  Estonia31 August 2005
136  Rwanda29 September 2005
137  Andorra8 March 2006
138  Nauru25 April 2007
139  Qatar1 April 2008
140  Ivory Coast9 April 2008
141  Dominican Republic13 November 2008
142  Serbia2 March 2009
143  Bahrain29 June 2009
144  Kenya4 July 2009
145  Montenegro12 October 2009
146  Palau26 October 2009
147  Oman16 November 2009
148  Jamaica12 January 2010
149  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines12 January 2010
150  El Salvador16 January 2010
151  Saudi Arabia18 January 2010
152  Eritrea2 February 2010
153  Chad9 February 2010
154  Comoros22 February 2010
155  Dominica27 April 2010
156  Antigua and Barbuda28 April 2010
157  Gambia28 April 2010
158  Samoa18 May 2010
159  Fiji27 May 2010
160  Namibia25 June 2010
161  Equatorial Guinea30 June 2010
162  Guinea-Bissau30 June 2010
163  Burkina Faso2 July 2010
164  Togo6 August 2010
165  Sierra Leone7 October 2010
166  Syria25 October 2010
167  San Marino12 April 2011
168  Liechtenstein8 June 2011
169  Tuvalu28 June 2011
170  Malawi20 July 2011
171  South Sudan22 July 2011
172  Suriname31 October 2011
173  Solomon Islands22 February 2012
174  Djibouti28 April 2016
175  Marshall Islands20 January 2017
176  Saint Kitts and Nevis16 November 2018[28]
177  Monaco11 July 2019
178  Barbados11 November 2019
179  Uganda23 January 2020[28]
180  AfghanistanUnknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

Americas

CountryFormal relations began inNotes
 Canada25 November 1991See Cambodia–Canada relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Canada from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • Canada is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
 MexicoSeptember 1976
  • Cambodia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[29][30]
  • Mexico is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.[31]
 United States11 July 1950See Cambodia–United States relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Asia

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
 Brunei9 June 1992See Brunei–Cambodia relations
  • Brunei has an embassy in Phnom Penh.[32]
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.[32]
  • The relations are mainly on economics and security.
 China (PRC)19 July 1958See Cambodia–China relations
  • Cambodia and the People's Republic of China relations have strengthened considerably after the end of the Cambodian-Vietnamese War.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in Phnom Penh
China (ROC, Taiwan)No official relations
 India1981See Cambodia–India relations
  • Cambodia and India have ties that go deep into history, in areas of religion, architecture, art, political systems and royal families.
  • India has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in New Delhi.
 Indonesia1957See Cambodia–Indonesia relations
 Israel1960
1993 (reestablished)		See Cambodia–Israel relations
 Japan1950See Cambodia–Japan relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Phnom Penh.[34]
  • Both Countries relations that in 1946, King Norodom Sihanouk said that Japan do not need to pay for the destruction since 1940, he said Cambodia wanted to be allied with Japan.
 Laos15 June 1956See Cambodia–Laos relations
  • Laos has an embassy in Phnom Penh.[35]
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Vientiane.[36]
  • Historically, relations have been tense, with long-standing unresolved border disputes.[37][38]
 Malaysia2 December 1996See Cambodia–Malaysia relations
  • The relations are mainly in economic.[39]
  • Malaysia was the fourth largest foreign investors to Cambodian in 2009.[40]
 North Korea28 December 1964[41]See Cambodia–North Korea relations
 PakistanSee Cambodia–Pakistan relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Pakistan from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
 Philippines1956See Cambodia–Philippines relations
Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte with King Norodom Sihamoni at the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh on 14 December 2016.
  • The two countries have an agreements on economic and trade relations, agricultural and agribusiness collaboration, and tourism cooperation.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Manila.
  • Philippines has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
 Singapore10 August 1965See Cambodia–Singapore relations
  • Cambodia was one of the first countries to recognize Singapore's sovereignty when it became independent in 1965.
  • Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong visited Cambodia in 2005 and 2012.
  • Singapore has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Singapore.
 South Korea18 May 1970[42][42]
King Norodom Sihamoni granting an audience to President of South Korea Lee Myung-bak in 2009.
See Cambodia–South Korea relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

See Cambodia–South Korea relations

 Tajikistan1956
  • Cambodia embassy in Ankara, Turkey is presented for Tajikistan.[1]
 ThailandSee Cambodia–Thailand relations
  • Cambodian–Thai border dispute
  • The Kingdom of Thailand has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • The Kingdom of Cambodia has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand was once Cambodia's arch-enemy.
 Turkey1959[43]See Cambodia–Turkey relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Ankara.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$108.4 million in 2015 (Cambodian exports/imports: 94.7/13.7 million USD).[44]
 VietnamSee Cambodia–Vietnam relations
  • Bilateral relations between the Cambodia and Vietnam were for long strained due to the Cambodian-Vietnamese War.
  • The maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Europe

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
 Denmark9 October 1967See Cambodia–Denmark relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in London, United Kingdom.
  • Denmark is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
 Finland20 January 1970[45]
  • Finland recognized Cambodia on 19 December 1969. Diplomatic relations established on 20 January 1970, re-established 9 August 1976.[45]
  • Cambodia is represented in Finland through its embassy in London, England[46]
  • Finland is represented in Cambodia through its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand[47]
 France1863See Cambodia–France relations
 GermanySee Cambodia–Germany relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
 Greece
  • Cambodia's embassy in Brussels, Belgium is also accredited to Greece
  • Greece's embassy in Bangkok is also accredited to Cambodia.[49]
  • Both countries are full members of the Francophonie.[50]
 Hungary10 July 1995
 Poland29 March 1992
 Spain16 November 1951See Cambodia–Spain relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
  Switzerland1957[53]
  • Switzerland recognized Cambodia in 1957, and the two countries have maintained diplomatic relations since 1963.
  • Bilateral relations between Cambodia and Switzerland are good. Switzerland supports the transition process and development efforts in Cambodia.
  • Trade between the two countries is marginal.[53]
 Ukraine23 April 1992See Cambodia–Ukraine relations
 United Kingdom1953
1976 (reestablished)		See Cambodia–United Kingdom relations
  • British Minister of State Hugo Swire visited Cambodia on 29 January 2014 to discuss solutions for political deadlock with the ruling and opposition parties.[54]
  • Cambodia has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Oceania

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
 Australia1950's[55]See Australia–Cambodia relations
  • Australia has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Canberra.[32]

Country with no relations

There are 17 countries that haven't establish any diplomatic relations with Cambodia:

See also

References

Further reading

  • Deth, Sok Udom, and Serkan Bulut, eds. Cambodia's Foreign Relations in Regional and Global Contexts (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2017; comprehensive coverage) full book online free[dead link].
    • Path Kosal, "Introduction: Cambodia's Political History and Foreign Relations, 1945-1998" pp 1–26
  • Acharya, Amitav. The Making of Southeast Asia: International Relations of A Region (Cornell UP, 2012)
  • Chandler, David. The Tragedy of Cambodian History: Politics, War, and Revolution since 1945 (Yale UP, 1991)
  • Ciorciari, John D. "Cambodia in 2019: Backing Further into a Corner." Asian Survey 60.1 (2020): 125–131. online
  • Clymer, Kenton. Troubled Relations: The United States and Cambodia since 1870 (Northern Illinois UP, 2007).
  • Leighton, Marian Kirsch. "Perspectives on the Vietnam-Cambodia border conflict." Asian Survey 18.5 (1978): 448–457. online
  • Leng, Thearith. "2016: A Promising Year for Cambodia?." Southeast Asian Affairs (2017): 133–146. online
  • Morris, Stephen J. Why Vietnam invaded Cambodia: Political culture and the causes of war (Stanford University Press, 1999).
  • Peou, Sorpong. "Cambodia in 2018: a year of setbacks and successes." Southeast Asian Affairs 2019.1 (2019): 104–119. online
  • Richardson, Sophie. China, Cambodia and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (Columbia UP, 2010)
  • Smith, Roger. Cambodia's Foreign Policy (Cornell UP, 1965).
  • Un, Kheang, and Jing Jing Luo. "Cambodia in 2019: Entrenching One-Party Rule and Asserting National Sovereignty in the Era of Shifting Global Geopolitics." Southeast Asian Affairs 2020.1 (2020): 117–134. online
  • Westad, Odd Arne, and Sophie Quinn-Judge, eds. The third Indochina war: conflict between China, Vietnam and Cambodia, 1972-79 (Routledge, 2006).
  • Womack, Brantly. "Asymmetry and systemic misperception: China, Vietnam and Cambodia during the 1970s." Journal of Strategic Studies 26.2 (2003): 92-119 online.

External links

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