List of heads of state of Brazil

House of Avis

Brazil is discovered by Portuguese navigators on April 22, 1500, and becomes a Portuguese colony.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Manuel I The Fortunate; The Grocer King/The Spices King (Le Roi-Épicier)	31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521 (aged 52)	25 October 1495	13 December 1521	Cousin of John II Grandson of Edward I	Aviz
John III The Pious; The Colonizer Portuguese: João III	7 June 1502 – 11 June 1557 (aged 55)	13 December 1521	11 June 1557	Son of Manuel I	Aviz
Sebastian I The Desired; The Asleep; The Sleeper; The Sleeping Hero; The Sleeping King; The Virgin King; The Hidden; The Crusader Portuguese: Sebastião I	20 January 1554 – 4 August 1578 (aged 24)	11 June 1557	4 August 1578	Grandson of John III	Aviz
Henry I The Chaste; The Cardinal; The Cardinal-King Portuguese: Henrique I	31 January 1512 – 31 January 1580 (aged 68)	4 August 1578	31 January 1580	Son of Manuel I Brother of John III Great-uncle of Sebastian	Aviz
Anthony I The Prior of Crato; The Determined; The Fighter; The Resistant; The Independentist Portuguese: António I	1531 – 28 August 1595 (aged 64)	(Disputed) 24 July 1580	(Disputed) 1583	Grandson of Manuel I Nephew of Henry I	Aviz

House of Habsburg

The House of Habsburg, known as the Philippine Dynasty, is the house that ruled Portugal from 1581 to 1640. The dynasty began with the acclamation of Philip II of Spain as Philip I of Portugal in 1580, officially recognized in 1581 by the Portuguese Cortes of Tomar. Philip I swore to rule Portugal as a kingdom separate from his Spanish domains, under the personal union known as the Iberian Union.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Philip I The Prudent Portuguese: Filipe I	21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598 (aged 71)	17 April 1581	13 September 1598	Grandson of Manuel I Nephew of Henry I	Habsburg
Philip II The Pious Portuguese: Filipe II	14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621 (aged 42)	13 September 1598	31 March 1621	Son of Philip I	Habsburg
Philip III The Great; The Tyrant; The Oppressor Portuguese: Filipe III	8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665 (aged 60)	31 March 1621	1 December 1640	Son of Philip II	Habsburg

House of Braganza

The House of Braganza, also known as the Brigantine Dynasty, came to power in 1640, when John II, Duke of Braganza, claimed to be the rightful heir of the defunct House of Aviz, as he was the great great grandson of King Manuel I. John was proclaimed King John IV, and he deposed the House of Habsburg in the Portuguese Restoration War.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
John IV The Restorer; The Fortunate; The Musician King Portuguese: João IV	19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656 (aged 53)	1 December 1640	6 November 1656	Great-great-grandson of Manuel I	Braganza
Afonso VI The Victorious	21 August 1643 – 12 September 1683 (aged 40)	6 November 1656	12 September 1683	Son of John IV	Braganza
Peter II The Pacific Portuguese: Pedro II	26 April 1648 – 9 December 1706 (aged 58)	6 November 1683	9 December 1706	Son of John IV Brother of Afonso VI	Braganza
John V The Magnanimous; The Magnificent; The Generous; The Most Faithful King; The Nuns' Lover; The Portuguese Sun-King Portuguese: João V	22 October 1689 – 31 July 1750 (aged 60)	9 December 1706	31 July 1750	Son of Peter II	Braganza
Joseph I The Reformer Portuguese: José I	6 June 1714 – 24 February 1777 (age 62)	31 July 1750	24 February 1777	Son of John V	Braganza
Mary I The Pious; The Mad Portuguese: Maria I	(1734-12-17)17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816(1816-03-20) (aged 81)	24 February 1777	20 March 1816	Daughter of Joseph I	Braganza

The house of Braganza continued to rule over Brazil, and on 16 December 1815, the Prince Regent John, the future king John VI raised Brazil to the status of a kingdom, thus making his mother, Maria I, the reigning Queen, the first Monarch of Brazil. The next year, 20 March 1816, John succeeded his mother as King of the united Luso-Brazilian monarchy.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Maria I The Pious; The Mad	17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816 (aged 81)	16 December 1815	20 March 1816	Daughter of Joseph I of Portugal	Braganza
John VI The Clement Portuguese: João VI	13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826 (aged 58)	20 March 1816	7 September 1822	Son of Maria I of Portugal and Brazil	Braganza

The house of Braganza continued to rule over Brazil after Pedro I, son of John VI, was acclaimed the first Emperor of Brazil on 12 October 1822, having proclaimed the independence of the Kingdom of Brazil from Portugal. He was later succeeded on 7 April 1831 by his son Pedro II, the last monarch of Brazil, who reigned for 58 years.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Pedro I The Liberator; The Soldier King	12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834 (aged 35)	12 October 1822	7 April 1831	Son of John VI of Portugal	Braganza
Pedro II The Magnanimous	2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891 (aged 66)	7 April 1831	15 November 1889	Son of Pedro I of Brazil	Braganza

On 15 November 1889, an unpopular coup d'état led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca deposed Emperor Pedro II and extinguished the stable 74-year-old Brazilian monarchy. The parliamentary monarch system was replaced by a presidential republic.

No.	President (birth–death)	Portrait	Elected	Took office	Left office	Political party	Vice president(s)		Previous public office	Birthplace
1	Deodoro da Fonseca (1827–1892)		1891	Head of the Provisional Government from 15 November 1889 26 February 1891[a]	23 November 1891 [b]	None (military)		Floriano Peixoto	President of the São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul Province	Cidade das Alagoas, Alagoas
2	Floriano Peixoto (1839–1895)		—	23 November 1891	14 November 1894 [c]	None (military)	Vacant		Vice president	Maceió, Alagoas
3	Prudente de Morais (1841–1902)		1894	15 November 1894	14 November 1898	Federal Republican Party (PR Fed)		Manuel Vitorino (PR Fed)	President of the Federal Senate Senator for São Paulo Formerly, President of the Constituent Congress	Itu, São Paulo
4	Campos Sales (1841–1913)		1898	15 November 1898	14 November 1902	São Paulo Republican Party (PRP)		Rosa e Silva (PR Fed)	Governor of São Paulo	Campinas, São Paulo
5	Rodrigues Alves (1848–1919)		1902	15 November 1902	14 November 1906	São Paulo Republican Party (PRP)		Silviano Brandão[d] (PRM)	Governor of São Paulo	Guaratinguetá, São Paulo
								Afonso Pena[e] (PRM)
6	Afonso Pena (1847–1909)		1906	15 November 1906	14 June 1909 [f]	Republican Party of Minas Gerais (PRM)		Nilo Peçanha (PRF)	Vice president	Santa Bárbara, Minas Gerais
7	Nilo Peçanha (1867–1924)		—	14 June 1909	14 November 1910	Rio Republican Party (PRF)	Vacant		Vice president	Campos, Rio de Janeiro
8	Hermes da Fonseca (1855–1923)		1910	15 November 1910	14 November 1914	Conservative Republican Party (PRC)		Venceslau Brás (PRM)	Minister of the Superior Military Court	São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul
9	Venceslau Brás (1868–1966)		1914	15 November 1914	14 November 1918	Republican Party of Minas Gerais (PRM)		Urbano Santos (PRM)	Vice president	Brasópolis, Minas Gerais
—	Rodrigues Alves (1848–1919)		1918	Never took office.[g]		São Paulo Republican Party (PRP)		Delfim Moreira (PRM)	Senator for São Paulo and former President of the Republic	Guaratinguetá, São Paulo
10	Delfim Moreira (1868–1920)		—	Acting president from 15 November 1918 16 January 1919	28 July 1919 [h]	Republican Party of Minas Gerais (PRM)	Vacant		Vice president	Cristina, Minas Gerais
11	Epitácio Pessoa (1865–1942)		1919	28 July 1919[i]	14 November 1922	Republican Party of Minas Gerais (PRM)		Delfim Moreira (PRM)	Senator for Paraíba	Umbuzeiro, Paraíba
								Bueno de Paiva[j] (PRM)
12	Arthur Bernardes (1875–1955)		1922	15 November 1922	14 November 1926	Republican Party of Minas Gerais (PRM)		Estácio Coimbra (PRB)	Governor of Minas Gerais	Viçosa, Minas Gerais
13	Washington Luís (1869–1957)		1926	15 November 1926	24 October 1930 [k]	São Paulo Republican Party (PRP)		Fernando de Melo Viana (PRM)	Senator for São Paulo	Macaé, Rio de Janeiro
—	Júlio Prestes (1882–1946)		1930	Never took office.[l]		São Paulo Republican Party (PRP)		Vital Soares (PRB)	Governor of São Paulo	Itapetininga, São Paulo

The Vargas Era, also known as the Second Brazilian Republic and Third Brazilian Republic, began following the Brazilian revolution of 1930. Washington Luís was deposed on 24 October, and the Brazilian Military Junta took power. Vargas assumed leadership of the junta on 3 November 1930.

No.	President (birth–death)	Portrait	Elected	Took office	Left office	Political party	Vice president(s)	Previous public office	Birthplace
—	Tasso Fragoso		—	24 October 1930	3 November 1930	None (provisional military junta)	Vacant	General of the Brazilian Army	São Luís, Maranhão
	Isaías de Noronha							Admiral of the Brazilian Navy	Rio de Janeiro
	Mena Barreto							Divisional General of the Brazilian Army	Porto Alegre
14	Getúlio Vargas (1882–1954)		1934	Head of the Provisional Government from 3 November 1930 20 July 1934[m]	29 October 1945[n]	None	Vacant[o]	Governor of Rio Grande do Sul	São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul
15	José Linhares (1886–1957)		—	29 October 1945	30 January 1946	None[p]	Vacant	President of the Supreme Federal Court	Baturité, Ceará

The Republic of 46 or the Fourth Brazilian Republic began after Vargas was deposed by a military coup in 1945. Nevertheless, Vargas would be elected president once again in 1950 until his later suicide, with his influence in Brazilian politics remaining until the end of the Fourth republic.

No.	President (birth–death)	Portrait	Elected	Took office	Left office	Political party	Vice president(s)		Previous public office	Birthplace
16	Eurico Gaspar Dutra (1883–1974)		1945	31 January 1946	30 January 1951	Social Democratic Party (PSD)	Vacant		Minister of War	Cuiabá, Mato Grosso
								Nereu Ramos[q] (PSD)
17	Getúlio Vargas (1882–1954)		1950	31 January 1951	24 August 1954[r]	Brazilian Labour Party (PTB)		Café Filho (PSP)	Senator for Rio Grande do Sul and former President of the Republic	São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul
18	João Café Filho (1899–1970)		—	Acting president from 24 August 1954 3 September 1954[s]	Under self-declared incapacity from 8 November 1955 and barred from resuming the powers of the presidency from 22 November 1955[t] 30 January 1956	Social Progressive Party (PSP)	Vacant		Vice president	Natal, Rio Grande do Norte
19	Carlos Luz (1894–1961) Acting President for Café Filho		—	8 November 1955	11 November 1955	Social Democratic Party (PSD)	Vacant		President of the Chamber of Deputies Federal Deputy for Minas Gerais	Três Corações, Minas Gerais
20	Nereu Ramos (1888–1958) Acting President[u]		—	11 November 1955	30 January 1956	Social Democratic Party (PSD)	Vacant		Vice President of the Federal Senate Senator for Santa Catarina	Lages, Santa Catarina
21	Juscelino Kubitschek (1902–1976)		1955	31 January 1956	30 January 1961	Social Democratic Party (PSD)		João Goulart (PTB)	Governor of Minas Gerais	Diamantina, Minas Gerais
22	Jânio Quadros (1917–1992)		1960	31 January 1961	25 August 1961[v]	National Labor Party (PTN)			Governor of São Paulo	Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul[w]
23	Ranieri Mazzilli (1910–1975) Acting President[x]		—	25 August 1961	7 September 1961	Social Democratic Party (PSD)	Vacant		President of the Chamber of Deputies Federal Deputy for São Paulo	Caconde, São Paulo
24	João Goulart (1918–1976)		—	7 September 1961[y]	1 April 1964[z]	Brazilian Labour Party (PTB)	Vacant		Vice president	São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul

The Forth Republic would end after a military coup in 1964. This coup brought a military regime to power in Brazil that was politically aligned with the interests of the US government.^[1][2]

No.	President (birth–death)	Portrait	Elected	Took office	Left office	Political party	Vice president(s)		Previous public office	Birthplace
25	Ranieri Mazzilli (1910–1975) Acting President[aa]		—	2 April 1964	14 April 1964	Social Democratic Party (PSD)	Vacant		President of the Chamber of Deputies Federal Deputy for São Paulo	Caconde, São Paulo
26	Humberto Castelo Branco (1897–1967)		1964	15 April 1964	14 March 1967	National Renewal Alliance (ARENA) (military)		José Maria Alkmin (PSD • ARENA)[ab]	Chief of the General Staff of the Brazilian Army	Fortaleza, Ceará
27	Artur da Costa e Silva (1899–1969)		1966	15 March 1967	31 August 1969 Suspended due to ill health 14 October 1969 Removed[ac]			Pedro Aleixo (ARENA)	Minister of War	Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul
—	Pedro Aleixo[3] (1901–1975)		—	Never took office.[ad]		National Renewal Alliance (ARENA)	Vacant		Vice president	Mariana, Minas Gerais
—	Augusto Rademaker		—	31 August 1969	30 October 1969	None (military junta)	Vacant		Admiral of the Fleet, Minister of the Brazilian Navy	Rio de Janeiro
	Aurélio de Lira Tavares								General of the Army, Minister of the Brazilian Army	João Pessoa
	Márcio Melo								Air Brigadier, Minister of the Brazilian Air Force	Florianópolis
28	Emílio Garrastazu Médici (1905–1985)		1969	30 October 1969	14 March 1974	National Renewal Alliance (ARENA) (military)		Augusto Rademaker (ARENA) (military)	Commander of the Third Army[ae]	Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul
29	Ernesto Geisel (1907–1996)		1974	15 March 1974	14 March 1979			Adalberto Pereira dos Santos (ARENA) (military)	President of Petrobras	Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul
30	João Figueiredo (1918–1999)		1978	15 March 1979	14 March 1985	Democratic Social Party (PDS) (military)		Aureliano Chaves (ARENA · PDS · DEM) (military)	Head of the National Information Service	Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro

The military dictatorship lasted 21 years, until 1985, when Neves was indirectly elected Brazil's first civilian president since the 1960 elections. Known also as the Sixth Brazilian Republic or the New Republic, is the contemporary epoch in the history of Brazil.

No.	President (birth–death)	Portrait	Elected	Took office	Left office	Political party	Vice president(s)		Previous public office	Birthplace
—	Tancredo Neves (1910–1985)		1985	Never took office.[af]		Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB)		José Sarney MDB (PMDB)	Governor of Minas Gerais	São João del Rey, Minas Gerais
31	José Sarney (1930–)		—	Acting President from 15 March 1985 21 April 1985	14 March 1990	Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB)	Vacant		Vice president	Pinheiro, Maranhão
32	Fernando Collor de Mello (1949–)		1989	15 March 1990	Powers and duties suspended from 2 October 1992 29 December 1992[ag]	Act (AGIR) National Reconstruction Party (PRN)		Itamar Franco AGIR (PRN) • MDB (PMDB)[ah]	Governor of Alagoas	Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
33	Itamar Franco (1930–2011)		—	Acting President from 2 October 1992 29 December 1992	31 December 1994	Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB)[ah]	Vacant		Vice president	Brazilian territorial waters, Atlantic Ocean[ai]
34	Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1931–)		1994 1998	1 January 1995	31 December 2002	Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)		Marco Maciel DEM (PFL)	Minister of Finance	Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
35	Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (1945–)		2002 2006	1 January 2003	31 December 2010	Workers' Party (PT)		José Alencar PL· REPUBLICANOS (PRB)	Federal Deputy from São Paulo (1987–1991)	Caetés, Pernambuco
36	Dilma Rousseff (1947–)		2010 2014	1 January 2011	Powers and duties suspended from 12 May 2016 31 August 2016[aj]	Workers' Party (PT)		Michel Temer MDB (PMDB)	Minister Chief of Staff of the Presidency of the Republic	Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
37	Michel Temer (1940–)		—	Acting President from 12 May 2016 31 August 2016	31 December 2018	Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB)[ak]	Vacant		Vice president	Tietê, São Paulo
38	Jair Bolsonaro (1955–)		2018	1 January 2019	31 December 2022	Social Liberal Party (PSL) (until 19 November 2019) Independent (2019–2021) Liberal Party (PL) (from 30 November 2021)		Hamilton Mourão PRTB · Republicanos	Federal Deputy from Rio de Janeiro	Glicério, São Paulo
39	Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (1945–)		2022	1 January 2023	Incumbent	Workers' Party (PT)		Geraldo Alckmin PSB	President	Caetés, Pernambuco

• History of Brazil
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• List of Portuguese monarchs
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• List of presidents of Brazil by time in office
• List of monarchs of Brazil
• List of Brazilian regents

• Monarchs of Brazil (1815–1889)