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List of islands of Taiwan

The islands comprising the Taiwan Area under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China (ROC) are classified into various island groups. The island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, is the largest island and the main component of the ROC-controlled territories. Islands that are claimed by the ROC but not administered, including those under the control of the People's Republic of China, and those disputed with other countries such as Senkaku Islands and most of South China Sea Islands, are excluded from this list.

At the adoption of Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China in the 1990s, these islands collectively form the "Free area of the Republic of China" or known alternatively as "Taiwan Area", which legally defines the territorial extent under the actual control of the ROC government.

Some Taiwanese islands have various translations in English due to different systems of romanization in Chinese language in use, or derivation of differing linguistic origins from Mandarin, Hokkien, indigenous languages or other foreign languages. Some islands also have different names derived from particular historical periods which remain in use to this day.[1]

Archipelagos of Taiwan

There are in total of 168 islands which can be classified into the following geographical units:

NameChineseMandarin
(Pinyin)		Taiwanese
(Pe̍h-ōe-jī)		Hakka
(Pha̍k-fa-sṳ)		Other nameNo. islandsMajor islandsDivision
Taiwan臺灣TáiwānTâi-oânThòi-vànFormosa22Taiwan, Orchid, Green, Lamay, GuishanMultiple
Penghu澎湖PénghúPhêⁿ-ôPhàng-fùPescadores90Penghu, Xiyu, Baisha, Cimei, Wang'anPenghu County
Kinmen金門JīnménKim-mn̂gKîm-mùnQuemoynumerousKinmen, Lieyu, Dadan, ErdanKinmen County
Matsu馬祖MǎzǔMá-chó͘Mâ-chú36Nangan, Beigan, Dongyin, Xiyin, Dongju, XijuLienchiang County
Wuqiu烏坵WūqiūO͘-khiuVû-hiuOckseu2Daqiu, XiaoqiuKinmen County
Tungsha/Dongsha東沙DōngshāTang-soaTûng-sâPratas1Pratas IslandKaohsiung Municipality
Nansha南沙NánshāLâm-soaNàm-sâSpratly2Taiping Island, Zhongzhou ReefKaohsiung Municipality
There are four contemporary geopolitical definitions of the extent of "Taiwan":
  1. The state, a.k.a. the "Republic of China" (ROC), including all 168 islands administered by the ROC;
  2. The traditional Taiwan region (本島地區), excluding Kinmen, Matsu, and Wuqiu, which are traditionally parts of Fujian Province, and also excluding the ROC-controlled South China Sea Islands;
  3. The traditional region without Penghu, which is sometimes regarded as a separate region;
  4. The main island of Taiwan alone, excluding all of the nearby small islands.

Note: The Senkaku Islands, which are controlled by Japan, are disputed by the PRC (People's Republic of China) and the ROC as being a part of Taiwan (they are known as "Diaoyu" or "Diaoyutai" in Mandarin Chinese). Japan administers the Senkaku Islands as a part of the Ryukyu Islands.

List of major islands by area

List of Taiwanese islands with over 5 km2 of area.[2]

OrderNameChineseTaiwaneseHakkaGeographical unitAdministrative DivisionArea (km²)
1Taiwan Main Island/ Formosa臺灣本島Tâi-oân pún-tóThòi-vàn pún-tóTaiwanmultiple35,807.82
2Kinmen Main Island金門本島Kim-mn̂g pún-tóKîm-mùn pún-tóKinmen4 townshipsKinmen134.25
3Penghu Main Island澎湖本島Phêⁿ-ô pún-tóPhàng-fù pún-tóPenghuMagong, HuxiPenghu65.41
4Orchid Island蘭嶼Lân-sūLàn-yíTaiwanLanyuTaitung46.82
5Xiyu Island西嶼Sai-sūSî-yíPenghuXiyuPenghu17.84
–Waisanding Shoal外傘頂洲Gōa-sòaⁿ-téng-chiuNgoi-san táng-chûTaiwanKouhuYunlin17.22
6Green Island綠島Le̍k-tóLiu̍k-tóTaiwanLüdaoTaitung15.09
7Lesser Kinmen Island (Lieyu)小金門島Sió-kim-mn̂g-tóSéu-kîm-mùn-tóKinmenLieyuKinmen14.85
8Baisha Island白沙島Pe̍h-soa-tóPha̍k-sâ-tóPenghuBaishaPenghu13.88
9Nangan Island (Matsu)南竿島Lâm-kan-tóNàm-kôn-tóMatsuNanganLienchiang10.43
10Cimei/Qimei Island七美嶼Chhit-bí-tóChhit-mî-yíPenghuCimeiPenghu7.59
11Lamay Island琉球嶼Liû-khiû-sūLiù-khiù-yíTaiwanLiuqiuPingtung6.80
12Wang'an Island望安島Bāng-oaⁿ-tóMong-ôn-tóPenghuWang'anPenghu6.74
13Beigan Island北竿島Pak-kan-tóPet-kôn-tóMatsuBeiganLienchiang6.44

List of islands by geographical unit

Taiwan proper

Location map of outlying islands governed by Taiwan
Penghu Islands

Penghu/Pescadores

Kinmen/Quemoy

Kinmen County

[6][7][8][9][10]

Matsu Islands

[28][29][30]

Lienchiang County (Matsu Islands)

Wuqiu/Ockseu

[34]

  • Wuqiu (Ockseu, Wuchiu, Wuciou; 烏坵)
    • Daqiu (Tachiu, Taciou; 大坵)
    • Xiaoqiu (Hsiaochiu; 小坵)

South China Sea Islands

Map of various countries occupying the Spratly Islands
  • South China Sea Islands (南海諸島) (Administration under Cijin District, Kaohsiung Municipality; only the following islands listed below are controlled by the ROC)

Disputed islands

The highly controversial sovereignty disputes over both the Japan-controlled Senkaku Islands and the South China Sea Islands (which are disputed and controlled by several countries) are complex with the disputed status of both Taiwan (the territories outlined in the 1951 Treaty of San Francisco) and the Republic of China (ROC) which controls Taiwan. As the ROC and the People's Republic of China (PRC) still compete their de jure claim as the sole legitimate government of the entire China, they effectively lay claim to the same extent of islands, including the South China Sea Islands and the Senkaku Islands, among others.[35] This makes these disputes multi-layered and therefore virtually impossible to solve by following the guidelines of international law.

The ROC maintains its historical claims to all of the South China Sea Islands.[36][37] They are also claimed by five other claimants, namely the PRC, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei. The islands within the Pratas and Spratly Islands which remain under the control of the ROC are assigned to Cijin District, Kaohsiung City, thus technically defining these islands to be part of the "Taiwan Area". The United Nations considers the South China Sea to be "international waters" and does not acknowledge any of the South China Sea Islands as "true islands". The acknowledgement of these islands as "true islands" is crucial because the definition of "islands" would justify the creation of an exclusive economic zone around them, which can be used to cut off international shipping lanes and to acquire natural resources such as oil which lie beneath the ocean.

Meanwhile, the Japanese-controlled Senkaku Islands[38] are claimed by the ROC as "Diaoyutai Islands" within Toucheng Township, Yilan County[39] and are considered to be part of geographic and provincial Taiwan by the ROC. The Senkaku Islands lie about 186 kilometres from the northeast of Taiwan Island, and situated roughly 330 kilometres from the east of mainland China. They form the westernmost extremity of the "Ryukyu Islands", which Japan administers as Okinawa Prefecture. The PRC also claims the Senkaku Islands as "Diaoyu Islands" as part of its claimed "Taiwan Province".

The PRC claims the islands of Taiwan and Penghu as part of its 23rd Taiwan Province, together with the Japanese-controlled Senkaku Islands (claimed as "Diaoyudao Islands"), which are also claimed by the ROC as part of its own Taiwan Province. The PRC claims Kinmen (Quemoy) as a county of the prefecture-level city Quanzhou, in Fujian Province. Matsu is claimed as part of Lianjiang County, part of Fuzhou, in Fujian Province. The Wuqiu islands are claimed as part of Xiuyu District, a district of the prefecture-level city Putian, in Fujian Province. Pratas Island is claimed as part of Chengqu in Shanwei (Swabue) Guangdong Province. The Nansha Islands controlled by the ROC, i.e. Taiping Island and Zhongzhou Reef, are claimed as part of Sansha, in Hainan Province. The PRC thus claims the ROC-controlled islands as part of its own Taiwan Province (Taiwan and Penghu), Fujian Province (Kinmen, Matsu and Wuqiu), Guangdong Province (Dongsha) and Hainan Province (Nansha).

See also

References

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