Ministry of Culture (Spain)

Early period

The Ministry of Culture was created during the Spanish transition to democracy. However, the government action on culture dates back to the 18th century. From the beginning of the century and promoted by the Crown, it appeared the first Royal Academies such as the Language (1713), History (1738) or Fine Arts (1752), all of them dependent from the Secretariat of State.^[4]

With the development and specialization of the Administration, the promotion and protection of culture was assumed by the Ministry of Development between 1834 and 1837 when it assumed powers over theaters, and all kinds of public amusements and recreation, as well as the Conservatories of Arts and Music,^[5] by the Ministry of the Interior between 1837 and 1847 and Development again between 1847 and 1851, by the Ministry of Grace and Justice between 1851 and 1855^[6] and again by the Ministry of Development until 1900.

The Budget Act of 1900 created the Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts^[7] which assumed the responsibilities on culture until 1977. During this period, the Directorate-General for Fine Arts was created in 1915^[8] which had competences on civil constructions related to National Monuments, Museums, Artistic Schools, Painting, Music Schools and other entities of an artistic nature^[9] and in 1939 it was created the Directorate-General for Archives and Libraries. Both merged in 1974 in a new Directorate-General for Artistic and Cultural Heritage.^[10]

In 1946 it was created the Directorate-General for Cinematography and Theater which main task was to censor this cultural sectors. It was suppressed in 1967.

Democracy

Finally, in 1977 it was created an independent Culture Ministry which assumed the Directorate-General for Artistic and Cultural Heritage from the Ministry of Education, the responsibilities of the Under Secretary for Family, Youth and Sport from the Ministry of the Presidency and the information and cultural functions of the Ministry of Information and Tourism (cinema, theaters, music). Likewise, the Secretariat of State for Culture was created and it also assumed RTVE.^[11]

The final structure established nine general directions: Artistic Heritage, Archives and Museums; Cultural Diffusion; Books and Libraries; Music Theater and Shows; Cinematography; Community Development; Youth; and Broadcasting and Television. It also assumed organically the Superior Council of Sports.^[12]

In 1981 the Ministry ceded to the City of Madrid the management of the Teatro Español.^[13] In 1985 the Ministry suffered a big reshuffle because of the devolution of cultural powers to the recently created Regions. At the same time it was created the National Institute of Performing Arts and Music (INAEM) and the Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts (ICAA).^[14]

Between 1996 and 2004 the Ministry of Culture was merged with the Ministry of Education although the Secretariat of State for Culture was maintained. In 2004 it was created again and in 2011 the Ministry assumed the competencies on bullfighting.^[15] It was suppressed again in 2011 until 2018 when the new prime minister Pedro Sánchez recovered this Ministry.^[16]

The Ministry's structure is:^[2]

• The Secretariat of State for Culture.
  • The Directorate-General for Books, Comics and Reading.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for the Promotion of Books, Reading and Spanish Literature.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Library Coordination.
  • The Directorate-General for Cultural Rights.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Promotion and Access to Culture.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Cultural Cooperation with the Regions.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Intellectual Property.
  • The Directorate-General for Cultural Heritage and Fine Arts.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for the Management and Coordination of Cultural Assets.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Records and Documentation of Historical Heritage.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for the Cultural Heritage Institute of Spain.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for State Museums.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for State Archives.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Visual Arts and Contemporary Creation.
  • The Technical Cabinet.
• The Undersecretariat of Culture.
  • The General Technical Secretariat.
  • The Budget Office.
  • The Deputy Directorate-General for Economic Management and General Affairs.
  • The Deputy Directorate-General for Human Resources and Services Inspection.
  • The Technical Cabinet.
  • The Information Technology Division.
  • The Cultural Industries Coordination Centre.
• The Deputy Directorate-General for International Relations and European Union

Public organisms under direction of Ministry of Culture and Sport:

• The Reina Sofía Museum.
• The Prado Museum.
• The National Library of Spain.
• The National Institute of Performing Arts and Music.
• The Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts.

Office name:

• Ministry of Culture and Welfare (1977)
• Ministry of Culture (1977–1996; 2004–2011, 2023–present)
• Ministry of Culture and Sports (2018–2023)

Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party		Government	Prime Minister (Tenure)		Ref.
		Took office	Left office	Duration
	Pío Cabanillas Gallas (1923–1991)	5 July 1977	1 September 1977	1 year and 275 days		PP	Suárez II		Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981)	[17] [18] [19]
		1 September 1977	6 April 1979
						UCD
	Manuel Clavero (1926–2021)	6 April 1979	17 January 1980	286 days		UCD	Suárez III			[20] [21]
	Ricardo de la Cierva (1926–2015)	18 January 1980	9 September 1980	235 days		UCD				[22] [23]
	Íñigo Cavero (1929–2002)	9 September 1980	27 February 1981	1 year and 84 days		UCD				[24] [25] [26]
		27 February 1981	2 December 1981				Calvo-Sotelo		Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (1981–1982)
	Soledad Becerril (born 1944)	2 December 1981	3 December 1982	1 year and 1 day		UCD				[27] [28]
	Javier Solana (born 1942)	3 December 1982	26 July 1986	5 years and 222 days		PSOE	González I		Felipe González (1982–1996)	[29] [30] [31]
		26 July 1986	12 July 1988				González II
	Jorge Semprún (1923–2011)	12 July 1988	7 December 1989	2 years and 244 days		Independent				[32] [33]
		7 December 1989	13 March 1991				González III
	Jordi Solé Tura (1930–2009)	13 March 1991	14 July 1993	2 years and 123 days		PSC–PSOE				[34] [35]
	Carmen Alborch (1947–2018)	14 July 1993	6 May 1996	2 years and 297 days		Independent	González IV			[36] [37]
Office disestablished during this interval.[a]
	Carmen Calvo (born 1957)	18 April 2004	9 July 2007	3 years and 82 days		PSOE	Zapatero I		José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011)	[38] [39]
	César Antonio Molina (born 1952)	9 July 2007	14 April 2008	1 year and 272 days		Independent				[40] [41] [42]
		14 April 2008	7 April 2009				Zapatero II
	Ángeles González-Sinde (born 1965)	7 April 2009	22 December 2011	2 years and 259 days		Independent				[43] [44]
Office disestablished during this interval.[b]
	Màxim Huerta (born 1971)	7 June 2018	13 June 2018	6 days		Independent	Sánchez I		Pedro Sánchez (2018–present)	[45] [46]
	José Guirao (1959–2022)	14 June 2018	13 January 2020	1 year and 213 days		Independent				[47] [48]
	José Manuel Rodríguez Uribes (born 1968)	13 January 2020	12 July 2021	1 year and 180 days		PSOE	Sánchez II			[49] [50]
	Miquel Iceta (born 1960)	12 July 2021	21 November 2023	2 years and 132 days		PSC–PSOE				[51] [52]
	Ernest Urtasun (born 1982)	21 November 2023	Incumbent	163 days		CatComú	Sánchez III			[53]

Established in 1975 and first presented in 1976, the Ministry of Culture awards the Miguel de Cervantes Prize each year to honor the lifetime achievement of an outstanding writer in the Spanish language.^[54]

Ministry of Culture also awards various other National Prizes.^[55]

• Right to science and culture
• Right to education
• Welfare rights
• Economic, social and cultural rights
• Culture minister

• Official site of the Spanish Ministry of Culture (in Spanish)