The voiceless epiglottal or pharyngeal trill, or voiceless epiglottal fricative,[1] is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʜ⟩, a small capital version of the Latin letter h, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is H\
.
Voiceless pharyngeal trill (voiceless epiglottal fricative) | |||
---|---|---|---|
ʜ | |||
IPA Number | 172 | ||
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ʜ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+029C | ||
X-SAMPA | H\ | ||
Braille | |||
|
The glyph is homoglyphic with the lowercase Cyrillic letter En (н).
Features
Features of the voiceless epiglottal trill/fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates.
- Its place of articulation is epiglottal, which means it is articulated with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agul[2] | мехӏ | [mɛʜ] | 'whey' | ||
Amis[3] | tihi | [tiʜiʔ] | 'spouse' | The epiglottal consonants in Amis have proven hard to describe, with some describing it not as epiglottal, but a pharyngeal fricative or even as a uvular consonant. See Amis phonology | |
Arabic[4] | Iraqi[5] | حَي | [ʜaj] | 'alive' | Corresponds to /ħ/ ⟨ح⟩ in Standard Arabic. See Arabic phonology |
Bengali | খড় | [ʜↄɾ] | 'straw' | Mainly realized as such in very eastern regions; often also debuccalized or phonetically realised as /x/. Corresponds to /kʰ/ in western and central dialects. See Bengali phonology | |
Chechen | хьо | [ʜʷɔ] | 'you' | ||
Dahalo | [ʜaːɗo] | 'arrow' | |||
Haida | x̱ants | [ʜʌnt͡s] | 'shadow' | ||
Somali[6] | xoor | [ʜoːɾ] | 'bubble' | Realization of /ħ/ for some speakers.[6] See Somali phonology |
See also
Notes
References
- Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
External links
🔥 Top keywords: Main PageSpecial:SearchIndian Premier LeagueWikipedia:Featured picturesPornhubUEFA Champions League2024 Indian Premier LeagueFallout (American TV series)Jontay PorterXXXTentacionAmar Singh ChamkilaFallout (series)Cloud seedingReal Madrid CFCleopatraRama NavamiRichard GaddDeaths in 2024Civil War (film)Shōgun (2024 miniseries)2024 Indian general electionJennifer PanO. J. SimpsonElla PurnellBaby ReindeerCaitlin ClarkLaverne CoxXXX (film series)Facebook2023–24 UEFA Champions LeagueYouTubeCandidates Tournament 2024InstagramList of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finalsJude BellinghamMichael Porter Jr.Andriy LuninCarlo AncelottiBade Miyan Chote Miyan (2024 film)