WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

General anaesthetics and oxygen

Inhalational medicines

• Halothane
• Isoflurane
• Nitrous oxide
• Oxygen
• Sevoflurane

Injectable medicines

• Ketamine
• Propofol
• Thiopental

Local anaesthetics

• Bupivacaine
• Lidocaine
• Lidocaine/epinephrine (lidocaine + epinephrine)

Complementary:

• Ephedrine^{α[note 1]}

Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures

• Atropine
• Midazolam
• Morphine

Medical gases

• Oxygen^{[note 2]}

Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
• Ibuprofen^{[note 3]}
• Paracetamol^{[note 4]} (acetaminophen)

Opioid analgesics

• Codeine
• Fentanyl^{[note 5]}
• Morphine^{[note 6]}

Complementary:

• Methadone^{α[note 7]}

Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

• Amitriptyline
• Cyclizine
• Dexamethasone
• Diazepam
• Docusate sodium
• Fluoxetine
• Haloperidol
• Hyoscine butylbromide
• Hyoscine hydrobromide
• Lactulose
• Loperamide
• Metoclopramide
• Midazolam
• Ondansetron^{[note 8]}
• Senna

• Dexamethasone
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Hydrocortisone
• Loratadine^{[note 9][note 10]}
• Prednisolone^{[note 11]}

Non-specific

• Charcoal, activated

Specific

• Acetylcysteine
• Atropine
• Calcium gluconate
• Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
• Naloxone
• Penicillamine
• Prussian blue
• Sodium nitrite
• Sodium thiosulfate

Complementary:

• Deferoxamine^α
• Dimercaprol^α
• Fomepizole^α
• Sodium calcium edetate^α
• Succimer^α

Antiseizure medicines

• Carbamazepine
• Diazepam
• Lamotrigine^{[note 12]}
• Levetiracetam
• Lorazepam^{[note 13]}
• Magnesium sulfate^{[note 14]}
• Midazolam^{[note 15]}
• Phenobarbital
• Phenytoin^{[note 16]}
• Valproic acid (sodium valproate)^{[note 17]}

Complementary:

• Ethosuximide^α
• Levetiracetam^α
• Valproic acid (sodium valproate)^{α[note 17]}

Medicines for multiple sclerosis

Complementary:

• Cladribine^α
• Glatiramer acetate^α
• Rituximab^{α[note 18]}

Medicines for parkinsonism

• Biperiden^{[note 19]}
• Levodopa/carbidopa (levodopa + carbidopa)^{[note 20]}

Anthelminthics

Intestinal anthelminthics

• Albendazole
• Ivermectin
• Levamisole
• Mebendazole
• Niclosamide
• Praziquantel
• Pyrantel

Antifilarials

• Albendazole
• Diethylcarbamazine
• Ivermectin

Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines

• Praziquantel
• Triclabendazole

Complementary:

• Oxamniquine^{α[note 21]}

Cysticidal medicines

Complementary:

• Albendazole^α
• Mebendazole^α
• Praziquantel^α

Antibacterials

Access group antibiotics

• Amikacin
• Amoxicillin
• Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)
• Ampicillin
• Benzathine benzylpenicillin
• Benzylpenicillin
• Cefalexin
• Cefazolin^{[note 22]}
• Chloramphenicol^{[note 23]}
• Clindamycin
• Cloxacillin^{[note 24][note 25]}
• Doxycycline^{[note 26]}
• Gentamicin
• Metronidazole
• Nitrofurantoin
• Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)
• Procaine benzylpenicillin^{[note 27]}
• Spectinomycin
• Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)
• Trimethoprim

Watch group antibiotics

• Azithromycin
• Cefixime
• Cefotaxime^{[note 28]}
• Ceftriaxone^{[note 29][note 30]}
• Cefuroxime
• Ciprofloxacin
• Clarithromycin^{[note 31][note 32]}
• Piperacillin/tazobactam (piperacillin + tazobactam)
• Vancomycin^{[note 33]}

Complementary:

• Ceftazidime^α
• Meropenem^{α[note 34]}
• Vancomycin^α

Reserve group antibiotics

Reserve antibiotics are last-resort antibiotics. The EML antibiotic book was published in 2022.^[29][30][31]

Complementary:

• Cefiderocol^α
• Ceftazidime/avibactam (ceftazidime + avibactam)^α
• Ceftolozane/tazobactam (ceftolozane + tazobactam)^α
• Colistin^α
• Fosfomycin^α
• Linezolid^{α[note 35]}
• Meropenem/vaborbactam (meropenem + vaborbactam)^α
• Plazomicin^α
• Polymyxin B^α

Antileprosy medicines

• Clofazimine
• Dapsone
• Rifampicin

Antituberculosis medicines

• Ethambutol
• Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)
• Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin)
• Ethionamide
• Isoniazid
• Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)
• Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampicin)
• Isoniazid/rifapentine (isoniazid + rifapentine)
• Moxifloxacin
• Pyrazinamide
• Rifabutin^{[note 36]}
• Rifampicin
• Rifapentine

Complementary:

• Amikacin^α
• Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)^{α[note 37]}
• Bedaquiline^α
• Clofazimine^α
• Cycloserine^{α[note 38]}
• Delamanid^α
• Ethionamide^{α[note 39]}
• Levofloxacin^α
• Linezolid^α
• Meropenem^{α[note 40]}
• Moxifloxacin^α
• P-aminosalicylic acid (p-aminosalicylate sodium)^α
• Pretomanid^α
• Streptomycin^α

Antifungal medicines

• Amphotericin B
• Clotrimazole
• Fluconazole
• Flucytosine
• Griseofulvin
• Itraconazole^{[note 41]}
• Nystatin
• Voriconazole^{[note 42]}

Complementary:

• Micafungin^{α[note 43]}
• Potassium iodide^α

Antiviral medicines

Antiherpes medicines

• Aciclovir^{[note 44]}

Antiretrovirals

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

• Abacavir
• Lamivudine
• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate^{[note 45]}
• Zidovudine

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

• Efavirenz
• Nevirapine^{[note 46]}

Protease inhibitors

• Atazanavir/ritonavir (atazanavir + ritonavir)
• Darunavir^{[note 47]}
• Lopinavir/ritonavir (lopinavir + ritonavir)
• Ritonavir

Integrase inhibitors

• Dolutegravir
• Raltegravir^{[note 48]}

Fixed-dose combinations of antiretroviral medicines

• Abacavir/lamivudine (abacavir + lamivudine)
• Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir (dolutegravir + lamivudine + tenofovir)
• Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir^{[note 49]}
• Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir (efavirenz + lamivudine + tenofovir)
• Emtricitabine/tenofovir (emtricitabine + tenofovir)^{[note 49][note 50]}
• Lamivudine/zidovudine (lamivudine + zidovudine)

Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections

• Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (isoniazid + pyridoxine + sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)

Other antivirals

• Ribavirin^{[note 51]}
• Valganciclovir^{[note 52]}

Complementary:

• Oseltamivir^{α[note 53]}
• Valganciclovir^{α[note 54]}

Antihepatitis medicines

Medicines for hepatitis B

Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

• Entecavir
• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Medicines for hepatitis C

Pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations

• Daclatasvir^{[note 55]}
• Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (daclatasvir + sofosbuvir)
• Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (glecaprevir + pibrentasvir)
• Ravidasvir^{[note 56]}
• Sofosbuvir^{[note 57]}
• Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir)

Non-pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations

• Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (ledipasvir + sofosbuvir)

Other antivirals for hepatitis C

• Ribavirin^{[note 58]}

Antiprotozoal medicines

Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines

• Diloxanide^{[note 59]}
• Metronidazole^{[note 60]}

Antileishmaniasis medicines

• Amphotericin B^{[note 61]}
• Meglumine antimoniate
• Miltefosine
• Paromomycin
• Sodium stibogluconate

Antimalarial medicines

For curative treatment

• Amodiaquine^{[note 62]}
• Artemether^{[note 63]}
• Artemether/lumefantrine (artemether + lumefantrine)^{[note 64]}
• Artesunate^{[note 65]}
• Artesunate/amodiaquine (artesunate + amodiaquine)^{[note 66]}
• Artesunate/mefloquine (artesunate + mefloquine)
• Artesunate/pyronaridine tetraphosphate (artesunate + pyronaridine tetraphosphate)^{[note 67]}
• Chloroquine^{[note 68]}
• Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate (dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine phosphate)^{[note 69]}
• Doxycycline^{[note 70]}
• Mefloquine^{[note 62]}
• Primaquine^{[note 71]}
• Quinine^{[note 72]}
• Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)^{[note 73]}

For chemoprevention

• Amodiaquine + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (Co-packaged)
• Chloroquine^{[note 74]}
• Doxycycline^{[note 75]}
• Mefloquine^{[note 76]}
• Proguanil^{[note 77]}
• Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)

Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines

• Pyrimethamine
• Sulfadiazine
• Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)

Complementary:

• Pentamidine^α

Antitrypanosomal medicines

African trypanosomiasis

• Fexinidazole^{[note 78]}

Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis

• Pentamidine^{[note 79]}
• Suramin sodium^{[note 80]}

Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis

• Eflornithine^{[note 81]}
• Melarsoprol
• Nifurtimox^{[note 82]}

Complementary:

• Melarsoprol^α

American trypanosomiasis

• Benznidazole
• Nifurtimox

Medicines for ectoparasitic infections

• Ivermectin

Medicines for Ebola virus disease

• Ansuvimab
• Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab (atoltivimab + maftivimab + odesivimab)

Medicines for COVID-19

No listings in this section.

For treatment of acute attack

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
• Ibuprofen
• Paracetamol (acetaminophen)^{[note 83]}
• Sumatriptan

For prophylaxis

• Propranolol

Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease

Complementary:

• Adalimumab^{α[note 84]}
• Azathioprine^α
• Ciclosporin^α
• Tacrolimus^α

Antineoplastics and supportive medicines

Cytotoxic medicines

Complementary:

• Arsenic trioxide^α
• Asparaginase^{α[note 18]}
• Bendamustine^α
• Bleomycin^α
• Calcium folinate (leucovorin calcium)^α
• Capecitabine^α
• Carboplatin^α
• Chlorambucil^α
• Cisplatin^α
• Cyclophosphamide^α
• Cytarabine^α
• Dacarbazine^α
• Dactinomycin^α
• Daunorubicin^α
• Docetaxel^α
• Doxorubicin^α
• Doxorubicin (as pegylated liposomal)^α
• Etoposide^α
• Fludarabine^α
• Fluorouracil^α
• Gemcitabine^α
• Hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea)^α
• Ifosfamide^α
• Irinotecan^α
• Melphalan^α
• Mercaptopurine^α
• Methotrexate^α
• Oxaliplatin^α
• Paclitaxel^α
• Pegaspargase^{α[note 18]}
• Procarbazine^α
• Realgar Indigo naturalis formulation^α
• Tioguanine^α
• Vinblastine^α
• Vincristine^α
• Vinorelbine^α

Targeted therapies

Complementary:

• All-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin) (ATRA)^α
• Bortezomib^α
• Dasatinib^α
• Erlotinib^{α[note 85]}
• Everolimus^α
• Ibrutinib^α
• Imatinib^α
• Nilotinib^α
• Rituximab^{α[note 18]}
• Trastuzumab^{α[note 18]}

Immunomodulators

Complementary:

• Filgrastim^{α[note 18]}
• Lenalidomide^α
• Nivolumab^{α[note 86]}
• Pegfilgrastim^{α[note 18]}
• Thalidomide^α

Hormones and antihormones

Complementary:

• Abiraterone^{α[note 87]}
• Anastrozole^{α[note 88]}
• Bicalutamide^{α[note 89]}
• Dexamethasone^α
• Hydrocortisone^α
• Leuprorelin^{α[note 90]}
• Methylprednisolone^α
• Prednisolone^{α[note 91]}
• Tamoxifen^α

Supportive medicines

Complementary:

• Allopurinol^α
• Mesna^α
• Rasburicase^α
• Zoledronic acid^α

• Ready-to-use therapeutic food^{[note 92]}

Antianaemia medicines

• Ferrous salt
• Ferrous salt/folic acid (ferrous salt + folic acid)
• Folic acid^{[note 93]}
• Hydroxocobalamin

Complementary:

• Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents^{α[note 94]}

Medicines affecting coagulation

• Dabigatran^{[note 95]}
• Enoxaparin^{[note 96]}
• Heparin sodium
• Phytomenadione
• Protamine sulfate
• Tranexamic acid
• Warfarin

Complementary:

• Desmopressin^α
• Heparin sodium^α
• Protamine sulfate^α
• Warfarin^α

Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

• Deferasirox^{[note 97]}

Complementary:

• Deferoxamine^α
• Hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea)^α

Blood and blood components

• Cryoprecipitate, pathogen-reduced^{[note 98]}
• Fresh frozen plasma
• Platelets
• Red blood cells
• Whole blood

Plasma-derived medicines

Human immunoglobulins

• Rho(D) immune globulin (anti-D immunoglobulin)
• Anti-rabies immunoglobulin
• Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin

Complementary:

• Normal immunoglobulin^α

Blood coagulation factors

Complementary:

• Coagulation factor VIII^α
• Coagulation factor IX^{α[note 99]}

Plasma substitutes

• Dextran 70^{[note 100]}

Antianginal medicines

• Bisoprolol^{[note 101]}
• Glyceryl trinitrate
• Isosorbide dinitrate
• Verapamil

Antiarrhythmic medicines

• Bisoprolol^{[note 101]}
• Digoxin
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Lidocaine
• Verapamil

Complementary:

• Amiodarone^α

Antihypertensive medicines

• Amlodipine^{[note 102]}
• Bisoprolol^{[note 103]}
• Enalapril^{[note 104]}
• Hydralazine^{[note 105]}
• Hydrochlorothiazide^{[note 106]}
• Lisinopril/amlodipine (lisinopril + amlodipine)^{[note 107]}
• Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide)^{[note 108]}
• Losartan^{[note 109]}
• Methyldopa^{[note 110]}
• Telmisartan/amlodipine (telmisartan + amlodipine)^{[note 111]}
• Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide (telmisartan + hydrochlorothiazide)^{[note 112]}

Complementary:

• Sodium nitroprusside^α

Medicines used in heart failure

• Bisoprolol^{[note 101]}
• Digoxin
• Enalapril^{[note 113]}
• Furosemide^{[note 114]}
• Hydrochlorothiazide^{[note 106]}
• Losartan^{[note 109]}
• Spironolactone

Complementary:

• Digoxin^α
• Dopamine^α

Antithrombotic medicines

Anti-platelet medicines

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
• Clopidogrel

Thrombolytic medicines

Complementary:

• Alteplase^α
• Streptokinase^α

Lipid-lowering agents

• Simvastatin^{[note 115]}

Fixed-dose combinations for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

• Acetylsalicylic acid/atorvastatin/ramipril (acetylsalicylic acid + atorvastatin + ramipril)^{[note 116][note 117]}
• Acetylsalicylic acid/simvastatin/ramipril/atenolol/hydrochlorothiazide (acetylsalicylic acid + simvastatin + ramipril + atenolol + hydrochlorothiazide)^{[note 118][note 117][note 119][note 120]}
• Atorvastatin/perindopril/amlodipine (atorvastatin + perindopril + amlodipine)^{[note 116][note 121][note 122]}

Antifungal medicines

• Miconazole^{[note 123]}
• Selenium sulfide
• Sodium thiosulfate
• Terbinafine

Anti-infective medicines

• Mupirocin
• Potassium permanganate
• Silver sulfadiazine

Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

• Betamethasone^{[note 124]}
• Calamine
• Hydrocortisone^{[note 125]}

Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

• Benzoyl peroxide
• Calcipotriol^{[note 126]}
• Coal tar
• Fluorouracil
• Podophyllum resin^{[note 127]}
• Salicylic acid
• Urea

Complementary:

• Methotrexate^α

Scabicides and pediculicides

• Benzyl benzoate^{[note 128]}
• Permethrin

Ophthalmic medicines

• Fluorescein
• Tropicamide^{[note 129]}

Radiocontrast media

• Amidotrizoate
• Barium sulfate
• Iohexol

Complementary:

• Barium sulfate^α
• Meglumine iotroxate^α

Antiseptics

• Chlorhexidine
• Ethanol^{[note 130]}
• Povidone iodine^{[note 131]}

Disinfectants

• Alcohol based hand rub
• Chlorine base compound
• Chloroxylenol^{[note 132]}
• Glutaral

• Amiloride
• Furosemide^{[note 133]}
• Hydrochlorothiazide^{[note 106]}
• Mannitol
• Spironolactone

Complementary:

• Hydrochlorothiazide^{α[note 134]}
• Mannitol^α
• Spironolactone^α

Complementary:

• Pancreatic enzymes^α

Antiulcer medicines

• Omeprazole^{[note 135]}
• Ranitidine^{[note 136]}

Antiemetic medicines

• Dexamethasone
• Metoclopramide
• Ondansetron^{[note 8]}

Complementary:

• Aprepitant^α

Anti-inflammatory medicines

• Sulfasalazine^{[note 137]}

Complementary:

• Hydrocortisone^α
• Prednisolone^α

Laxatives

• Senna^{[note 138]}

Medicines used in diarrhoea

• Oral rehydration salts + zinc sulfate (Co-packaged)

Oral rehydration

• Oral rehydration salts

Medicines for diarrhoea

• Zinc sulfate^{[note 139]}

Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes

• Fludrocortisone
• Hydrocortisone

Androgens

Complementary:

• Testosterone^α

Estrogens

No listings in this section.

Progestogens

• Medroxyprogesterone acetate^{[note 140]}

Medicines for diabetes

Insulins

• Insulin injection (soluble)^{[note 18]}
• Intermediate-acting insulin^{[note 18]}
• Long-acting insulin analogues^{[note 141]}

Oral hypoglycaemic agents

• Empagliflozin^{[note 142]}
• Gliclazide^{[note 143]}
• Metformin

Complementary:

• Metformin^α

Medicines for hypoglycaemia

• Glucagon

Complementary:

• Diazoxide^α

Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

• Levothyroxine
• Potassium iodide
• Methimazole^{[note 144]}
• Propylthiouracil^{[note 145]}

Complementary:

• Lugol's solution^α
• Methimazole^{α[note 144]}
• Potassium iodide^α
• Propylthiouracil^{α[note 146]}

Medicines for disorders of the pituitary hormone system

• Cabergoline^{[note 147]}

Complementary:

• Octreotide^α

Diagnostic agents

• Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)

Sera, immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies

• Anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies^{[note 18]}
• Antivenom immunoglobulin^{[note 148]}
• Diphtheria antitoxin
• Equine rabies immunoglobulin

Vaccines

Recommendations for all

• BCG vaccine
• Diphtheria vaccine
• Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
• Hepatitis B vaccine
• Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine
• Measles vaccine
• Pertussis vaccine
• Pneumococcal vaccine
• Poliomyelitis vaccine
• Rotavirus vaccine
• Rubella vaccine
• Tetanus vaccine

Recommendations for certain regions

• Japanese encephalitis vaccine^{[note 149]}
• Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine^{[note 149]}
• Yellow fever vaccine^{[note 149]}

Recommendations for some high-risk populations

• Cholera vaccine^{[note 150]}
• Dengue vaccine^{[note 150]}
• Hepatitis A vaccine^{[note 150]}
• Meningococcal meningitis vaccine^{[note 150]}
• Rabies vaccine^{[note 150]}
• Typhoid vaccine^{[note 150]}

Recommendations for immunization programmes with certain characteristics

• Influenza vaccine (seasonal)^{[note 151]}
• Mumps vaccine^{[note 151]}
• Varicella vaccine^{[note 151]}

• Atracurium
• Neostigmine
• Suxamethonium
• Vecuronium^{[note 152]}

Complementary:

• Pyridostigmine^α
• Vecuronium^α

Anti-infective agents

• Aciclovir
• Azithromycin
• Erythromycin^{[note 153]}
• Gentamicin^{[note 154]}
• Natamycin
• Ofloxacin^{[note 155]}
• Tetracycline^{[note 156]}

Anti-inflammatory agents

• Prednisolone

Local anesthetics

• Tetracaine^{[note 157]}

Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

• Acetazolamide
• Latanoprost
• Pilocarpine^{[note 158]}
• Timolol^{[note 159]}

Mydriatics

• Atropine^{[note 160]}

Complementary:

• Epinephrine (adrenaline)^α

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations

Complementary:

• Bevacizumab^{α[note 18]}

Contraceptives

Oral hormonal contraceptives

• Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel)
• Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone (ethinylestradiol + norethisterone)
• Levonorgestrel
• Ulipristal

Injectable hormonal contraceptives

• Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate (estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate)
• Medroxyprogesterone acetate
• Norethisterone enantate

Intrauterine devices

• Copper-containing device
• Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

Barrier methods

• Condoms
• Diaphragms

Implantable contraceptives

• Etonogestrel-releasing implant
• Levonorgestrel-releasing implant

Intravaginal contraceptives

• Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel (ethinylestradiol + etonogestrel)
• Progesterone vaginal ring^{[note 161]}

Ovulation inducers

Complementary:

• Clomifene^α
• Letrozole^{α[note 162]}

Uterotonics

• Carbetocin
• Ergometrine^{[note 163]}
• Mifepristone + misoprostol (Co-packaged)^{[note 164]}
• Misoprostol^{[note 165]}
• Oxytocin

Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

• Nifedipine

Other medicines administered to the mother

• Dexamethasone
• Multiple micronutrient supplement
• Tranexamic acid

Medicines administered to the neonate

• Caffeine citrate
• Chlorhexidine

Complementary:

• Ibuprofen^{α[note 166]}
• Prostaglandin E1^{α[note 167]}
• Surfactant^α

Complementary:

• Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)^α

Medicines used in psychotic disorders

• Fluphenazine^{[note 168]}
• Haloperidol^{[note 169]}
• Olanzapine
• Paliperidone^{[note 170]}
• Risperidone^{[note 171]}

Complementary:

• Clozapine^α

Medicines used in mood disorders

Medicines used in depressive disorders

• Amitriptyline
• Fluoxetine^{[note 172]}

Medicines used in bipolar disorders

• Carbamazepine
• Lithium carbonate
• Quetiapine^{[note 173]}
• Valproic acid (sodium valproate)^{[note 17]}

Medicines for anxiety disorders

• Diazepam^{[note 174][note 175]}
• Fluoxetine^{[note 172]}

Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders

• Clomipramine
• Fluoxetine^{[note 172]}

Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use

Medicines for alcohol use disorders

• Acamprosate calcium
• Naltrexone

Medicines for nicotine use disorders

• Bupropion
• Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
• Varenicline

Complementary:

• Methadone^{α[note 176]}

Antiasthmatic medicines and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Budesonide^{[note 177]}
• Budesonide/formoterol (budesonide + formoterol)^{[note 178]}
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Ipratropium bromide
• Salbutamol^{[note 179]}
• Tiotropium^{[note 180]}

Oral

• Oral rehydration salts
• Potassium chloride

Parenteral

• Glucose
• Glucose with sodium chloride
• Potassium chloride
• Sodium chloride
• Sodium hydrogen carbonate
• Sodium lactate, compound solution (Ringer's lactate solution)

Miscellaneous

• Water for injection

• Ascorbic acid
• Calcium
• Colecalciferol^{[note 181]}
• Ergocalciferol^{[note 182]}
• Iodine
• Multiple micronutrient powder
• Nicotinamide
• Pyridoxine
• Retinol
• Riboflavin
• Thiamine

Complementary:

• Calcium gluconate^α

• Acetic acid
• Budesonide
• Ciprofloxacin^{[note 183]}
• Xylometazoline

Medicines used to treat gout

• Allopurinol

Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

• Chloroquine

Complementary:

• Azathioprine^α
• Hydroxychloroquine^α
• Methotrexate^α
• Penicillamine^α
• Sulfasalazine^α

Medicines for juvenile joint diseases

Complementary:

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)^{[note 184]}
• Adalimumab^{α[note 84]}
• Methotrexate^α
• Triamcinolone hexacetonide^{α[note 185]}

• Fluoride
• Glass ionomer cement
• Resin-based composite (low-viscosity)^{[note 186]}
• Resin-based composite (high-viscosity)^{[note 187]}
• Silver diamine fluoride

An α indicates the medicine is on the complementary list for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring or training is needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs or a less attractive cost-benefit ratio.^[4][14]

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• eEML - Electronic Essential Medicines List