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Liosta de ghlasraí duilleogacha

Seo liosta plandaí a bhfuil ról cócaireachta acu mar ghlasraí. Is féidir úsáid a bhaint as an téarma "glasra" le haghaidh bríonna éagsúla, lena n-áirítear cócaireachta, luibheolaíochta agus dlíthiúla. Áirítear sa liosta seo torthaí luibheolaíochta ar nós puimcíní, agus ní áirítear luibheanna, spíosraí, gránaigh agus an chuid is mó de thorthaí cócaireachta agus chnónna cócaireachta. Níl fungais inite san áireamh sa liosta.

Bíonn glasraí slíthiúla sainithe chun críocha rialála, cánachais agus eile. D'áireofaí an trátaí mar shampla, gur sméar luibheolaíochta é, ach gur glasra cócaireachta é de réir dlí na Stát Aontaithe.

Níl roinnt glasraí cócaireachta, mar shampla sleabhac, fiú ina mbaill de ríocht na bplandaí.

Liosta

Eochair
  • Tagann luanna a bhfuil 'Ecoport' orthu ó shuíomh Gréasáin Ecoport, tairseach éiceolaíochta a forbraíodh i gcomhar leis an Foras Bia agus Talmhaíochta na Náisiún Aontaithe FBT.[1]
  • Iad siúd atá marcáilte le GRIN tagann siad ón 'GRIN Taxonomy of Food Plants'.[2]
  • Iad siúd atá marcáilte le Duke ón leabhar James Duke Handbook of Energy Crops .

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SpeiceasAinm coitiantaTuairimí
Abutilon theophrastiSiúit shíneachTá an blas go maith, ach ós rud é go bhfuil uigeacht na nduilleog cosúil le éadach agus nach bhfuil sé briosc, níl sé an-oiriúnach le hithe amh.[3]
Acacia pennataAcáise chleiteachCha-om, glasra tábhachtach i mBurma agus sa Téalainn[4][5][6]
Acmella oleraceaParibhiolarBrèdes mafane, duilleoga a bhfuil blas géar orthu, a bhfuil an-tóir orthu i Madagascar áit a n-úsáidtear iad chun mias ar a dtugtar romazava a ullmhú.[7]
Althaea officinalisLeamhachán coiteannGlasra a bhí oiriúnach le hithe i measc na Sean Rómhánaigh; bhí mias de leamhachán coiteann ar cheann de na sócamais a bhí acu.
Amaranthus cruentusAmarantas fuilteachTéalainnis: phak khom daeng . Vítneaimis: rau dên . Tá speicis amarantais inite agus tá blas taitneamhach orthu, ach tá cion áirithe d’aigéad ocsalach iontu agus b’fhearr iad a ithe tar éis an t-uisce a fhiuchadh agus a dhiúscairt [8][9]
Amaranthus retroflexusAmarantas lúbthaTéalainnis: phak khom . Níos gairbhe ná speicis eile d'amaranth nuair nach bhfuil siad saothraithe, ach an-choitianta mar fiailí.
Amaranthus spinosusAmarantas spíonach

Téalainnis: phak khom nam

Amaranthus tricolorAmarantas trídhathachBíonn tóir ar hibridí an amarantais, go minic ó shaothrú hidroponach, sa tSín agus i dtíortha eile na hÁise. Is gnách go n-itear iad bánaithe [10][11]
Amaranthus viridisAmarantas glasMailéalaimis; chiira[12][13]
Apium graveolensLus na smaileogDe ghnáth, is é an gas is mó a bhfuil tóir air, ach is iad na duilleoga an príomhbhiai i go leor anraithí. Tá ailléirge shoilire ag daoine áirithe gur féidir leis a bheith ina chúis le turraing anaifiolachtach a d'fhéadfadh duine a mharú.[14]
Atriplex hortensisSpionáiste eilifleoigeAnallód, saothraíodh é i nDeisceart na hEorpa. Faoi láthair, níl mórán measa air mar ghlasra duilleach.[15][16][17]
Barbarea vernaTreabhach earraighMeastar gur ionadach sásúil é ar bhiolar uisce.
Barringtonia acutangulaMangróbh fionnuisce, Chik-nam, Kra donItear buinneoga agus duilleoga óga amh le Nam phrik. Bíonn tóir air in Isan
Basella albaSpionáiste bán[18][19]
Beta ciclaBiatas bánCeann de shliocht saothraithe an bhiatais mhara
Beta vulgaris maritimaLíon na trá[20]
Borago officinalisBorráiste gormGo forleathan mar ghlasra duille roimhe seo. Fós luachmhar i roinnt áiteanna san Iodáil agus i dTuaisceart na Spáinne.[21]
Brassica carinataBrasacach sceallchruthach[22][23]
Brassica junceaBrasacach mustaird[24][25]
Brassica napusPraiseach tornapachRáib, a bhfuil tóir air i gcócaireacht Indiach agus Neipealach, de ghnáth shuaithfhriochta le salann, gairleog agus spíosraí.[26][27]
Brassica napus var. pabulariaPraiseach thornapach var. pabularia[28][29]
Brassica nigraPraiseach dhubhTá praiseach dhubh (nó mustard dubh) le fáil go coitianta i ngairdíní a ndearnadh faillí orthu, ar thaobh an bhóthair, i bpáirceanna tréigthe, agus i gceantair ina ndéantar diúscairt dramhaíola. Tá an planda dúchasach don Áise agus don Eoraip, ach fásann sé anois i gcuid mhór de dheisceart Cheanada agus beagnach gach ceann de na Stáit Aontaithe. Is é seo an príomh-mustaird a úsáidtear i dtarsainn, agus mar sin, de ghnáth, bíonn baint aige le brocairí teo. Chun tarsann mustaird a dhéanamh, caithfidh na síolta a bheith mínmheilte agus ansin a bheith meascaithe le plúr agus cuid bheag uisce agus fínéagar. Is féidir an planda a shaothrú i gcomhair a chuid duilleog óg a úsáidtear i sailéad nó mar luibh phota.[30]
Brassica oleraceaCóilis ghlas[31]
Brassica oleracea var. acephalaCóilis ghlas var acephalaIs cineál cabáiste í a bhfuil duilleoga cothroma nó catach uirthi agus dathanna na ngas a théann ó dúghlas go burgúnach. Tá go leor cothaithigh ann lena n-áirítear cailciam, iarann, agus vitimíní A, C, agus K. Is féidir duilleoga óga úra a fhómhar chun iad a úsáid i sailéid nó ligean dóibh aibiú agus a úsáid mar ghlasra cócaráilte. Is féidir í a fháil i rith míonna an tsamhraidh, ach bíonn sí milis, go háirithe tar éis seaca.[32]
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabraBrocailí Síneach nó Gail-lan[33]
Brassica oleracea var. botrytisCóilis[34][35]
Brassica oleracea var. capitataCabáiste[36][37]
Brassica oleracea var. gemmiferaBachlóg Bhruiséile[38][39]
Brassica oleracea var. italicaBrocailí Iodálach[40][41]
Brassica oleracea var. palmifoliaCál pailme
Brassica rapaTornapa fiáinDuilleoga a bhfuil tóir orthu i ndeisceart na Stát Aontaithe, [[Galicia, sa Spáinn] (Grelos)[42][43][44]
Brassica rapa fosp. chinensisTornapa fiáin fosp. Síneach Choi[45]
Brassica rapa fosp. narinosaTornapa fiáin fosp. leathanshrónach[46]
Brassica rapa fosp. nipposinicaTornapa fiáin fosp. Síneach[47]
Brassica rapa fosp. pekinensisTornapa fiáin fosp Péicingeach[48]
''Brassica rapa'' fosp. ''rapa''Tornapa fiáin fosp. tornapach[49]
Brassica rapa var. perviridisTornapa fiáin fosp. an-ghlas
Brassica rapa var. rosularisTornapa fiáin fosp. róiséad
Campanula rapunculusScornlus tornapaínFásadh go forleathan san Eoraip é uair amháin dá dhuilleoga, a úsáideadh mar spionáiste [50]
Campanula versicolorScornlus ildathachÚsáidtear i gcócaireacht na Gréige cuisine[50]
Capparis spinosaCapras spíonachÚsáidtear duilleoga caprais mar chuid de chócaireacht na Gréige [51][52]
Celosia argentea var. argenteaCealóis ghealAr a dtugtar "spionáiste Lagos", tá sé ar cheann de na príomhghlasraí bruite in Iarthar na hAfraice[53][54]
Centella asiaticaLus na hÁise, GotukolaDeoch fhionnuar is ea 'Bai bua bok' sa Téalainn
Gotukola Sambola in Sri Lanka
Chenopodium albumBlonagán bánIs planda bliantúil fiaileach é an blonagán bán sa ghéineas Chenopodium, a fhásann go tapa. Saothraítear agus itear Chenopodium album go forleathan i dTuaisceart na hIndia mar bharra bia ar a dtugtar bathua.[55][56]
Chenopodium ambrosioidesAmerican WormseedChenopodium species are edible, but many species are mediocre as a leaf vegetable.[57]
Chenopodium berlandieri fosp. nuttalliaeSouthern Huauzontle[58][59]
Chenopodium bonus-henricusGood King HenryOne of the finest Chenopodium species[60][61]
Chenopodium giganteumTree Spinach[62][63]
Chenopodium glaucumOak-Leaved Goosefoot[64]
Chenopodium nuttalliaeHuauzontlePopular in Mexico[65]
Chenopodium quinoa fosp. quinoaQuinoaIt has its origin in the Andean region[66][67]
Chenopodium rubrumRed Goosefoot[68]
Chrysanthemum coronariumGarland chrysanthemumPopular in Korean, Cantonese, Taiwanese, Hong Kong and Japanese cuisine[69]
Cichorium endiviaEndive[70]
Cichorium endivia var. crispum,Curly endiveSometimes called "chicory" in the United States, called chicorée frisée in French[70]
Cichorium endivia var. latifolium,Broad-leaved endiveEscarole in French[70]
Cichorium intybusChicoryLeaves cooked with Fave in Northern Italy[71][72]
Cichorium intybus var. foliosumBelgian endiveAlso known as witloof
Cichorium intybus var. foliosumPuntarelleAlso known as Catalogna chicory
Cichorium intybusRadicchioPopular in Italy[71]
Cichorium intybusSugarloaf
Cirsium oleraceumCabbage thistle[73]
Claytonia perfoliataMiner's lettuceUsed by California Gold Rush miners who ate it to prevent scurvy. Like lettuce but rougher[74]
Claytonia sibiricaSiberian spring beautyHas beet-flavoured leaves.[75]
Cleome gynandraAfrican cabbageWidespread in many tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Its leaves form an important part of diets in Southern Africa.[76]
Cnidoscolus aconitifoliusChaya or Tree spinachTraditional food in parts of Central and South America. Leaves must be cooked before being eaten.[77]
Coccinia grandisIvy GourdLeaves cooked in soups in Thailand.[78][79]
Colocasia esculentaTaroOnly the young leaves are eaten. Popular in Mauritius.[80][81]
Corchorus olitoriusJew's mallowUsed in Molokhiya[82][83][84][85]
Coriandrum sativumCilantro, CorianderUsed mainly for garnishing or in small quantities[86]
Crambe maritimaSea kaleIt was popular as a blanched vegetable in the early 19th Century, but its use declined
Crassocephalum crepidioidesRedflower ragleafTraditionally eaten as a green in tropical Africa. Possible toxicity not well studied
Cratoxylum formosumPhak tiu som or Phak tiu daengYoung leaves are edible. Popular in Laos, Thailand (Isan) and Vietnam
Crithmum maritimumSamphireIn the 19th century, samphire was being shipped in casks of seawater from the Isle of Wight to market in London at the end of May each year.[87]
Crotalaria longirostrataChipilínA common leafy vegetable in the local cuisines of southern Mexico[88][89]
Cryptotaenia japonicaMitsubaSmall quantities added to soups, etc.[90][91]
Cyclanthera pedataCaiguaTraditional green in Central America and South America[92]
Cynara cardunculusCardoonLeaf stems are valued as food[93][94]
Diplazium esculentumVegetable fernProbably the most commonly consumed fern[95][96]
Diplotaxis tenuifoliaPerennial Wall-rocketOften marketed under the same common names (Arugula, Rocket, Baby leaf rocket etc) as Eruca sativa
Erythrina fuscaThong langFresh raw leaves eaten in Thailand in Miang kham.[97]
Eruca sativaArugula, RocketEspecially appreciated in Veneto, Italy[98]
Emex spinosaLesser jackIt was formerly used as a leafy vegetable, but not highly valued
Eryngium foetidumBhandhanya, CulantroEaten as a leafy green in Thailand. Used as seasoning in the Caribbean.
Foeniculum vulgareFennel[99]
Galactites tomentosaScarlinaEdible type of thistle [100]
Galinsoga parvifloraGallant SoldierPopular in Colombia and Peru in soups and salads[101]
Glechoma hederaceaGround Ivy[102]
Glinus lotoidesLotus sweetjuiceUsed as a leaf vegetable in many tropical countries[103]
Gnetum gnemonMelindjoPopular in Indonesian cuisine.[104][105]
Gynura crepioidesOkinawan SpinachGrown commercially as a vegetable in China
Halimione portulacoidesSea purslane[106]
Hibiscus sabdariffaRoselleTelugu: Gongura. Roselle leaves are edible and have a pleasant taste. This plant is having good medicinal values. In some areas it is used as substitute of Jute.
Hirschfeldia incanaShortpod mustard[107]
Honckenya peploidesSea sandwortTraditionally used as food by the inhabitants of coastal Subarctic areas[108]
Houttuynia cordataFishwortPopular as a leaf vegetable particularly in Vietnam[109][110]
Hydrophyllum canadenseJohn's CabbageIt was used as a leaf vegetable by Native American peoples[111]
Hydrophyllum virginianumShawnee SaladIt was used as a leaf vegetable by Native American peoples[112]
Hyoseris radiataUsed in Liguria, Italy, to make preboggion
Hypochaeris maculataSpotted Cat's-earSimilar to dandelion but not as tasty
Hypochaeris radicataCatsearYoung leaves should be harvested before they become too fibrous[113]
Inula crithmoidesGolden samphireYoung leaves may be eaten raw or cooked as a leaf vegetable.[114]
Inula heleniumElecampaneLeaves are edible, although root is preferred[115]
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.Water SpinachPopular leafy green in Southeast Asia[116][117]
Ipomoea batatas var. batatasSweet Potato[118][119]
Kleinhovia hospitaYoung leaves are eaten as a vegetable in Malaya, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.[120]
Lablab purpureusLablabThe leaves are used as greens, but have to be cooked like spinach and the water has to be discarded.[121]
Lactuca indicaIndian Lettuce[122][123]
Lactuca perennis[124]
Lactuca sativaLettuceThe wild varieties differ much from the average cultivated salad lettuce.
Lactuca sativaCeltuce[125]
Lactuca serriolaPrickly LettucePrickly lettuce is a common edible weed that is native to Europe, but can now be found from coast to coast in the United States. The name comes from the small prickles that can be found on the lower part of the stem and the midrib of the leaves. The plant is found in fields, places of waste, and roadsides. The leaves of the plant reach out towards the sun and for this reason the plant is sometimes called the Compass Plant. Prickly Lettuce can grow to be from two to five feet tall but should be harvested early on when it is a few inches high. The young leaves of the plant are very tender and make an excellent salad green. As a potherb, the plant needs little cooking and is commonly made with a sauce of melted butter or vinegar. Prickly lettuce should be harvested in spring or early summer.[30]
Lagenaria sicerariaBottle GourdIn Burma young leaves are boiled and eaten with nga peet spicy sauce[126][127]
Lallemantia ibericaDragon's headCultivated in ancient times. Popular in Iran as green vegetable[128]
Lamium albumWhite deadnettle[129]
Lamium amplexicauleHenbit deadnettle[130]
Lamium purpureumRed deadnettleLeaves of plants are eaten in salads or in stirfry.[131]
Lapsana communisNipplewortCultivated in Ancient Rome. Presently it is not valued as a leafy vegetable[132]
Launaea sarmentosaKuḷḷafilaUsed in Maldivian cuisine, usually finely chopped and mixed with Maldive fish and grated coconut in a dish known as mas huni.[133]
Leichhardtia australisBush BananaTraditional food of the Indigenous Australian people[134]
Leontodon hispidusHawkbitLeontodon species are dandelion-like plants that are generally edible[135]
Leontodon tuberosusPopular in Crete as a leafy green[135]
Lepidium campestreField pepperweedAll Lepidium species are edible. Appreciated for their peppery taste[136]
Lepidium latifoliumDittander[137][138]
Lepidium meyeniiMacaA traditional vegetable of the Andean mountain areas[139][140]
Lepidium sativumGarden cressUsed in soups, sandwiches and salads for its tangy flavor[141][142]
Lepidium virginicumVirginia pepperweed[143]
Leucaena leucocephalaPhak kratinPopular in Laos and Thailand (Isan)
Levisticum officinaleLovageUsed in salads and soups. Flavor and smell are very similar to celery[144]
Limnocharis flavaGenjerUsed in Southeast Asia, but considered inferior fare in some places[145][146]
Limnophila aromaticaRice paddy herb, Ngò omPopular in Vietnamese cuisine as an ingredient in canh chua, a sweet and sour seafood soup[147]
Limnophila indica[148]
Lysimachia clethroidesGooseneck LoosestrifeEdible, but considered poor fare[149]
Malva neglectaAll Malva species are edible, but are generally considered poor fare or rough food[150][151]
Malva parvifloraCheeseweed[152]
Malva sylvestrisMallow[153]
Malva verticillataMusk Mallow
Malva verticillata var. crispa[154]
Manihot esculenta fosp. esculentaCassavaShould be always eaten boiled after disposing of the water. In some countries cassava leaves are regarded as a poor man's food and only eaten when there is nothing else.[155][156][157][158]
Marsilea crenataSemanggiSteamed leaf are used in certain areas of Java as component of pecel
Matteuccia struthiopterisKogomiThe sprouts are a delicacy in Japanese cuisine[159]
Megacarpaea polyandra多蕊高河菜 duo rui gao he caiFrom the cabbage family. The young leaves are cooked as a vegetable in China[160]
Melanthera bifloraSea daisyThe leaves and shoots are edible[161] and are eaten cooked in Malaysian cuisine as a leaf vegetable and in Langkhttp://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2162awi raw with chilli and shrimp paste sambal.[162][163][164]
Mentha arvensis piperascensJapanese mintAll Mentha species are edible, but generally used in small quantities as garnishing or in salads
Mentha longifoliaHabek mint[165]
Mertensia maritimaSea bluebellTraditionally used as food after boiling by the Inuit [108]
Mesembryanthemum crystallinumIce plant[166][167]
Mimulus guttatusSeep monkey flowerThe raw or cooked leaves were one of the traditional foods of the Mendocino and Miwok Indians, among other native peoples[168][169]
Mirabilis expansaMaukaOne of the important food crops of the ancient Inca empire. Leaves were eaten as a leaf vegetable or used raw in salads.[170]
Morinda citrifoliaNoni treeKnown as bai-yo in Thai cuisine the leaves are cooked with coconut milk in a curry.[171]
Moringa oleiferaDrumstick treeLeaves are very popular in South Asia for curries and omelettes.[172][173][174]
Moringa ovalifoliaSouth-west African moringaFound in northern Namibia and south-western Angola
Moringa stenopetalaEthiopian moringa[175]
Mycelis muralisWall lettuceLeaves eaten raw in salads[176][177]
Myrianthus arboreusUjujuImportant food source in the Delta and Edo States of Nigeria[178]
Myriophyllum brasilienseParrot featherUsed as a leaf vegetable in South America[103]
Myrrhis odorataCicelyYoung stalks and leaves are eaten in salads[179]
Nasturtium officinaleWatercressOne of the most popular salad greens in certain areas, but watercress crops grown in the presence of animal waste can be a haven for parasites such as the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica.[180]
Neptunia oleracea LoureiroPhak chetWidely used in Thailand. Eaten raw with Nam phrik[181]
Nymphaea odorataFragrant Water LilyYoung leaves were eaten as a vegetable by Native Americans[182]
Nymphoides indicaWater SnowflakeYoung leaves and stems are edible.[183]
Nymphoides peltataYellow floating heart[184]
Ocimum basilicumSweet BasilUsed in soups and sauces.[185]
O. basilicum var. thyrsifloraThai basilEaten both raw and cooked[186]
Ocimum × citriodorumLemon basilUsed throughout Southeast Asia[187]
Oenanthe javanicaWater CeleryUsed in Southeast Asia and the Far East[188][189]
Oenothera biennisCommon evening primrose[190][191]
Oenothera hookeriHooker's Evening-primroseLeaves are cooked as greens[192]
Onoclea sensibilisSensitive fernIt was used as a vegetable by the Iroquois[193]
Oroxylum indicumPhekaHas edible leaves and stems, eaten especially in Isan (Thailand) and in Laos[194]
Oryza sativaRice[195][196][197]
Osmorhiza aristataGrows in China and Japan[198][199]
Osmunda cinnamomeaCinnamon fern[200]
Osmunda claytonianaInterrupted fern[201]
Oxalis acetosellaCommon wood sorrelOxalis species contain oxalic acid and should not be eaten for long periods in large quantities. If possible, they should be eaten after boiling and disposing of the water[202]
Oxalis corniculataCreeping woodsorrel[203]
Oxalis deppeiIron CrossPopular as a vegetable in Mexico for its sharp, lemony taste[204]
Oxalis oreganaRedwood sorrel[205]
Oxalis strictaCommon yellow woodsorrel[206]
Oxalis tuberosaOca[207][208]
Oxalis violacea[209]
Oxyria digynaMountain sorrel[210]
Pachira aquaticaMoney tree[211][212]
Pachira insignis[213]
Paederia foetida[214]
Parkia biglandulosa
Parkia speciosaPetai[215][216]
Parkinsonia floridaBlue Palo Verde
Pastinaca sativa fosp. sativaParsnip[217][218]
Patrinia scabiosifoliaGolden lace
Patrinia villosa
Paulownia tomentosaEmpress tree[219]
Pedalium murexBurra GookerooMucilaginous[220]
Peperomia pellucidaClearweed[221][222]
Pereskia aculeataBarbados Gooseberry[223][224]
Pergularia daemia[225]
Perilla frutescensPerilla[226]
Persicaria hydropiperWater pepperThe leaves of a cultivar of this plant are eaten in Japan[227]
Persicaria vulgaris
Petasites frigidusArctic butterbur[228]
Petroselinum crispumParsleyOnly eaten as garnish, not in large quantities [229]
Peucedanum ostruthium[230]
Phaseolus coccineusRunner Bean[231][232]
Phaseolus lunatusLima Bean[233][234]
Phaseolus vulgarisBean[235][236][237]
Phragmites australisCommon Reed[238][239]
Phyla scaberrimaRough fogfruit
Phyllanthus acidusStar Gooseberry
Phyllanthus emblicaMyrobalan[240]
Phyteuma orbiculareRound-headed rampion
Phytolacca acinosaIndian Pokeberry[241]
Phytolacca acinosa var. esculenta
Phytolacca americanaAmerican PokeweedPoisonous until properly prepared.[242][243]
Phytolacca dioicaBella Sombra[244]
Phytolacca rivinoidesDeer calalu[245][246][247]
Pimpinella anisumAniseed[248][249]
Pimpinella saxifragaBurnet Saxifrage[250]
Pinus densifloraJapanese Red Pine[251][252]
Piper auritumMexican pepperleafKnown as Hoja santa (holy leaf). Aromatic herb with a heart-shaped, velvety leaf often used in Mexican cuisine for tamales and sauces.[253]
Piper guineenseWest African pepper[254]
Piper sarmentosumCha-phluPopular in Thailand in Miang kham[255]
Pipturus argenteusQueensland grass-cloth plant[256]
Pisonia grandisTree lettuceThe leaves are traditionally used as a leaf vegetable in some countries.[257] Traditionally eaten by Maldivians in Mas huni.[133]
Pistacia chinensisChinese Pistache[258][259]
Pistacia terebinthusTerebinth[260][261]
Pistia stratiotesWater Lettuce[262]
Pisum sativumGarden pea[263][264]
Plantago coronopusBuckshorn plantainSome people may be allergic to this plant.[265][266]
Plantago lanceolataLong-leaved plantain[267]
Plantago majorBroad-leaved Plantain[268]
Plantago maritima[269]
Pluchea indica[270]
Podophyllum hexandrumHimalayan mayapple[271]
Poliomintha incana[272]
Polygonum aviculareKnotweed[273]
Polygonum bistortaBistort[274]
Polygonum bistortoidesAmerican Bistort[275]
Polygonum punctatum
Polygonum viviparumAlpine bistort[276]
Poncirus trifoliataTrifoliate orange[277]
Pontederia cordata[278]
Portulaca oleraceaCommon purslanePopular in Greek cuisine[279][280]
Portulaca pilosa
Portulacaria afraElephant Bush
Primula verisCowslip[281][282]
Primula vulgarisPrimrose[283]
Pringlea antiscorbuticaKerguelen cabbageIts leaves contain a Vitamin C-rich oil, a fact which, in the days of sailing ships, made it very attractive to British sailors suffering from scurvy[284]
Prosopis spicegera
Prunella vulgaris[285]
Psoralea esculentaPrairie turnipThe prairie turnip is a legume that was often used by American Indians located in the Great Plains. Roots of the legumes provide a valuable source of protein, minerals, and carbohydrates. Most turnips have white skin and the portion of the plant that is seen above the ground is purple, red, or green in color. The root below the surface is known as the taproot and is usually around 5-20 centimeters in diameter.[286]
Pteris ensiformis
Ptychosperma elegans
Pulicaria odora
Pulmonaria officinalisLungwort[287]
Puya caerulea
Puya chilensis[288]
Pyrus betulaefoliaBirch-Leaved Pear
Ranunculus ficariaLesser celandine[289]
Raphanus raphanistrumWild radish[290]
Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. landra
Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. maritimus
Raphanus sativusRadish[291][292]
Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatusChinese radish
Raphia hookeriRaffia palm[293][294]
Reichardia picroidesFrench Scorzonera[295]
Rhamnus dahurica
Rheum rhabarbarum
Rheum tataricum
Rhexia virginicaMeadow beauty[296]
Rhodiola roseaRoseroot[297]
Rhododendron arboreum[298]
Rhopalostylis sapidaNikau
Ribes cereum[299]
Ribes divaricatum[300]
Ribes nigrumBlackcurrant[301][302]
Ribes odoratum[303]
Rorippa indica[304]
Rorippa islandica
Rosa multifloraSeven Sisters Rose[305]
Roystonea elata
Roystonea oleracea
Rubus rosaefolius[306]
Rumex acetosaSorrelMany species of Rumex are edible, but they contain a relatively high proportion of oxalic acid. Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly and leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water.[307][308]
Salicornia europaeaGlasswortGlasswort is a leafless plant with jointed stems that are a light green color in the summer and a red color in the fall. There are very small flowers within the segmented portions of the plant. The plant is found in coastal salt marshes and alkaline soils within south Nova Scotia and Eastern and central North America. The stems have a salty flavor and can be harvested to be used in salads, as a puree, or as a pickled condiment.[309]
Salix babylonicaWeeping Willow[310]
Salix daphnoides[311]
Salix gracilistylaRosegold pussy willow
Salsola kaliSaltwort[312][313]
Salsola komaroviiLand Seaweed
Salsola sodaOpposite leaved saltwort[314]
Salvadora persicaToothbrush tree[315]
Sambucus javanica[316]
Sambucus sieboldiana[317]
Sanguisorba canadensis[318]
Sanguisorba minorSalad Burnet[319]
Sanguisorba officinalisGreat Burnet
Sassafras albidumSassafras[320]
Sauropus androgynusKatukA traditional vegetable in some tropical countries that should be consumed in moderate quantities due to the presence of papaverine[321][322][323]
Saxifraga pensylvanicaEastern Swamp SaxifrageThe Cherokee traditionally ate the leaves raw as greens[324][325]
Saxifraga stoloniferaCreeping RockfoilOccasionally used fresh or cooked in Japanese cuisine[326]
Schleichera oleosa[327][328]
Scolymus hispanicusTagarninaEdible thistle. Popular in Southern Spanish cuisine [329]
Scolymus maculatusSpotted golden thistle[329]
Scorzonera hispanicaScorzonera[330][331]
Scutellaria baicalensisBaikal Skullcap[332]
Sechium eduleChayote[333][334]
Sedum anacampserosLove-restorerAll stonecrops (Sedum) are edible, but are generally mediocre food.[335]
Sedum divergensSpreading stonecropTraditional salad vegetable of the Haida and the Nisga'a people of Northwest British Columbia.[336]
Sedum reflexumJenny's stonecropOccasionally used as a salad leaf or herb in Europe.[337]
Sedum rhodanthumRose crown[338]
Sedum telephiumLivelong[339]
Senna occidentalisDigutiyaraTraditionally eaten in the Maldives in Mas huni. Leaves are finely chopped.[133]
Senna siameaCassod TreeUsed in Thai cuisine in a curry named Kaeng khilek. Leaves are boiled and strained and the water discarded.[340]
Sesamum alatumSésame de gazelleEaten in dry regions of Africa like Chad as a vegetable. Considered as famine food in some areas[341][342][343]
Sesamum indicumSesame[344][345]
Sesamum radiatumBenniseedFresh leaves and young shoots are a popular leafy vegetable in Africa[346][347][348]
Sesbania grandifloraWest Indian pea[349][350][351]
Sesbania sesbanSesban[352]
Sesuvium portulacastrumSea Purselane[353]
Setaria palmifoliaPalm-grass[354][355]
Sicyos angulatus[356]
Sida rhombifoliaArrowleaf sida
Sidalcea neomexicana
Silaum silausPepper saxifrageDespite the name, it is neither a saxifrage nor peppery in taste[357]
Silene acaulisMoss campion[358]
Silene vulgarisBladder CampionCollejas; a traditional green in Manchego cuisine, Spain[359][360]
Silybum marianumBlessed milk thistle[361]
Sinapis albaWhite Mustard[362][363]
Sinapis arvensisCharlock[364]
Sisymbrium altissimum[365]
Sisymbrium crassifolium[366]
Sisymbrium irioLondon rocket
Sisymbrium officinaleHedge mustard[367]
Sium cicutaefolium
Smyrnium olusatrumAlexanders[368]
Solenostemon rotundifoliusChinese potato[369][370]
Solidago missouriensis[371]
Sonchus arvensisField sow-thistle[372]
Sonchus asperSpiny-leaved sow thistle[373]
Sonchus oleraceusSow ThistleLeaves are eaten as salad greens or cooked like spinach. This is one of the species used in Chinese cuisine as kŭcài (菜; lit. bitter vegetable).[374]
Sophora japonicaPagoda-tree[375]
Spathiphyllum phryniifolium
Sphenoclea zeylanica[376]
Sphenostylis stenocarpa[377][378]
Spilanthes acmellaToothache Plant
Spinacia oleraceaSpinachSpinach contains a certain proportion of oxalic acid. Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly. In dishes that include large quantities, leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water.[379][380]
Spirodela polyrhizaGreater Duck-weed[381]
Spondias dulcisOtaheite Apple[382][383]
Spondias mombinYellow mombin[384][385]
Spondias purpureaJocote[386][387]
Stanleya pinnatifida
Stellaria mediaCommon Chickweed[388][389]
Stenochlaena palustris
Sterculia foetida[390]
Sterculia tragacantha
Strychnos spinosaNatal orange[391][392]
Suaeda maritimaSea Blite[393]
Symphytum officinale[394]
Symphytum uplandicum
Synedrella nodiflora[395]
Syzygium malaccenseMalay apple[396][397]
Syzygium polycephalum[398]
Talinum paniculatumJewels of Opar
Talinum portulacifolium[399]
Talinum triangulare[400]
Tanacetum vulgareTansy[401]
Taraxacum albidum
Taraxacum officinaleDandelion[402][403]
‘‘Telfairia occidentalis’‘Fluted gourd[404][405]
Telosma cordata
Tetracarpidium conophorum
Tetragonia decumbens
Tetragonia implexicoma[406]
Tetragonia tetragonioidesNew Zealand Spinach[407][408]
Thalia geniculata
Thespesia populneaPortia tree[409]
Thlaspi arvensePennycress[410]
Thymus vulgarisCommon Thyme[411]
Tiliacora triandra
Toddalia asiatica[412]
Toona sinensisChinese Mahogany
Tordylium apulum[413]
Trachycarpus fortuneiWindmill Palm[414]
Tradescantia virginiana[415]
Tragopogon dubiusWestern salsify[416]
Tragopogon porrifoliusSalsify[417][418]
Tragopogon pratensisGoat's Beard[419]
Trianthema portulacastrum[420]
Trichodesma zeylanicum
Trifolium hybridumAlsike CloverClover leaves are edible, but should be dipped in salt water before eating or preparation to aid in digestion[421][422]
Trifolium pratenseRed Clover[423][424]
Trifolium repensWhite Clover[425]
Trigonella caeruleaSweet Trefoil[426]
Trigonella corniculata[427][428]
Trillium erectumWake-robin[429]
Trillium grandiflorumWhite trillium[430]
Trillium sessile
Trillium undulatumPainted trillium[431]
Tropaeolum majusGarden Nasturtium[432][433]
Tropaeolum minusDwarf Nasturtium[434][435]
Tropaeolum tuberosumMashua[436][437]
Tulbaghia alliacea[438]
Tussilago farfaraColtsfoot[439]
Typha capensis
Typha elephantina[440]
Ullucus tuberosusUlluco[441][442]
Ulmus pumilaSiberian elm[443]
Urena lobataRose Mallow[444]
Urtica dioicaStinging NettleA good pot herb. Often also used as famine food[445]
Urtica urensAnnual Nettle[446]
Valerianella eriocarpaItalian Corn Salad[447][448]
Valerianella locustaCorn Salad[449][450]
Vallaris heynei
Verbena officinalisEuropean Verbena[451]
Vernonia amygdalinaBitter leaf[452][453]
Veronica anagallis-aquaticaWater Speedwell[454]
Veronica beccabungaBrooklime[455]
Veronicastrum sibiricum
Viola adunca[456]
Viola canadensisCanada Violet[457]
Viola odorataSweet Violet[458]
Viola papilionacea
Viola pedataBird's Foot Violet[459]
Viola sororiaCommon blue violet
Viola x wittrockiana
Vitex doniana[460]
Vitis amurensisAmur grape[461]
Vitis californicaCalifornia wild grape[462]
Vitis coignetiae
Vitis labruscaNorthern Fox Grape[463][464]
Vitis munsoniana
Vitis shuttleworthii
Vitis viniferaGrape[465][466][467]
Wasabia japonicaWasabiFresh leaves can be eaten, having the spicy flavor of wasabi roots
Wisteria floribundaJapanese wisteria[468]
Wolffia arrhiza[469]
Xanthoceras sorbifoliumYellowhorn
Xanthosoma atrovirens
Xanthosoma brasiliense[470][471]
Xanthosoma sagittifolium[472][473]
Xanthosoma violaceum[474][475]
Ximenia americana[476][477]
Zanthoxylum piperitum
Zanthoxylum planispinum
Zingiber zerumbetAwapuhi[478]

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