Influenza
Mura, wanda aka fi sani da "mura", cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da kwayar cutar mura.[1] Alamun na iya zama mai laushi zuwa mai tsanani.[2] Alamomin da aka fi sani sun hada da: zazzabi mai zafi, hanci, ciwon makogwaro, ciwon tsoka da gabobi, ciwon kai, tari, da gajiya.[1] Wadannan alamomin yawanci suna farawa kwanaki biyu bayan kamuwa da kwayar cutar kuma galibi suna wucewa kasa da mako guda.[1] Tari, duk da haka, na iya wucewa fiye da makonni biyu.[1] A cikin yara, ana iya samun gudawa da amai, amma waɗannan ba a saba gani ba ga manya.[3] Zawo da amai sun fi faruwa a cikin gastroenteritis, wanda cuta ce da ba ta da alaƙa kuma wani lokaci ba daidai ba ana kiranta da "murar ciki" ko "mura na sa'o'i 24".[3] Matsalolin mura na iya haɗawa da ciwon huhu na viral, ciwon huhu na biyu na kwayan cuta, cututtukan sinus, da kuma tabarbarewar matsalolin kiwon lafiya da suka gabata kamar asma ko gazawar zuciya.[4][2]
| Influenza | |
|---|---|
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Description (en)  | |
| Iri | acute viral respiratory tract infection (en) , Orthomyxoviridae infectious disease (en) , cutar huhu, viral infectious disease (en) , Virus diseases of plants (en) cuta |
| Specialty (en) | family medicine (en) , pulmonology (en) , infectious diseases (en) emergency medicine (en) |
| Sanadi | Orthomyxoviridae (en) |
| Symptoms and signs (en) | zazzaɓi, nasal congestion (en) , myalgia (en) , ciwon kai, Rashin karfi, tari, rhinitis (en) , chest pain (en) chills (en) |
| Effect (en) | influenza pandemic (en) , annoba Annoba |
| Disease transmission process (en) | airborne transmission (en) , droplet infection (en) , direct transmission (en) fomite transmission (en) |
| Physical examination (en) | physical examination (en) , complete blood count (en) , viral culture (en) immunofluorescence microscopy (en) |
| Medical treatment (en) | |
| Magani | peramivir (en) , oseltamivir (en) , zanamivir (en) da baloxavir marboxil (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | J11.1 |
| ICD-9-CM | 487 da 487.8 |
| ICD-10 | J10, J11 da J9 |
| ICD-9 | 487 |
| OMIM | 614680 |
| DiseasesDB | 6791 |
| MedlinePlus | 000080 |
| eMedicine | 000080 |
| MeSH | D007251 |
| Disease Ontology ID | DOID:8469 |
Uku daga cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda huɗu na cutar mura suna shafar ɗan adam: Nau'in A, Nau'in B, da Nau'in C.[4][5] Nau'in D ba a san yana cutar da mutane ba, amma an yi imanin cewa yana da damar yin hakan.[5][6] Yawancin lokaci, kwayar cutar tana yaduwa ta iska daga tari ko atishawa.[1] An yi imanin wannan yana faruwa mafi yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren nisa.[7] Hakanan ana iya yaduwa ta hanyar taɓa wuraren da ƙwayoyin cuta suka gurbata sannan kuma a taɓa idanu, hanci, ko baki.[2][7][8] Mutum na iya kamuwa da wasu kafin da kuma lokacin da suke nuna alamun.[2] Ana iya tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar gwada makogwaro, sputum, ko hanci don ƙwayar cuta.[4] Akwai gwaje-gwaje masu sauri da yawa; duk da haka, mutane na iya samun kamuwa da cutar koda kuwa sakamakon ba ya da kyau.[4] Wani nau'in amsawar sarkar polymerase wanda ke gano RNA kwayar cutar ya fi daidai.[4]
Wanke hannu akai-akai yana rage haɗarin yaɗuwar ƙwayar cuta, kamar yadda yake sa abin rufe fuska.[9] Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ba da shawarar allurar rigakafin mura a kowace shekara ga waɗanda ke cikin haɗari,[1] da kuma Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) na waɗanda shekarunsu suka wuce watanni shida zuwa sama.[10] Alurar riga kafi yawanci yana tasiri akan nau'ikan mura uku ko hudu.[1] Yawancin lokaci ana jurewa da kyau.[1] Maganin rigakafin da aka yi na shekara guda ba zai yi amfani ba a cikin shekara mai zuwa, tun da kwayar cutar tana tasowa da sauri.[1] An yi amfani da magungunan rigakafi irin su neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir, da sauransu, don magance mura.[1] Amfanin magungunan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin waɗanda ke da lafiya ba su da alama ya fi haɗarin su.[11] Ba a sami fa'ida ga waɗanda ke da sauran matsalolin lafiya ba.[11][12]
Mura na yaduwa a duniya a duk shekara a barkewar cutar, wanda ya haifar da cutar kusan miliyan uku zuwa biyar na rashin lafiya mai tsanani da kuma mutuwar mutane 290,000 zuwa 650,000.[1][13] Kimanin kashi 20% na yaran da ba a yi musu allurar ba da kashi 10% na manya da ba a yi musu allurar ba suna kamuwa da cutar kowace shekara.[14] A yankin arewaci da kudancin duniya, annobar cutar ta fi faruwa ne a lokacin sanyi, yayin da a kusa da yankin equator, ana iya samun bullar cutar a kowane lokaci na shekara.[1] Mutuwa tana faruwa galibi a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari - matasa, tsofaffi, da waɗanda ke da wasu matsalolin lafiya.[1] Barkewar cutar da aka fi sani da annoba ba ta da yawa.[4] A cikin karni na 20, cutar mura uku ta faru: mura ta Spain a 1918 (mutuwar miliyan 17-100), mura ta Asiya a 1957 (mutuwar miliyan biyu), da mura na Hong Kong a 1968 (mutuwar miliyan daya).[15][16][17] Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ayyana barkewar sabuwar cutar mura A/H1N1 a matsayin annoba a watan Yunin 2009.[18] mura na iya shafar wasu dabbobi, da suka hada da alade, dawakai, da tsuntsaye.[19]