Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi
Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi (I.P.C.C), ƙungiya ce ta gwamnatocin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya[1][2] wanda aka keɓe don samar wa duniya da haƙiƙanin, bayanan kimiyya masu dacewa don fahimtar tushen kimiyya na haɗarin ɗan adam[3] canjin yanayi, tasirinsa na dabi'a, siyasa, da tattalin arziki da kasada, da yiwuwar hanyoyin amsawa.[4]
 Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Gajeren suna | GIEC da IPCC |
| Iri | organization established by the United Nations (en)  , intergovernmental organization (en) da environmental organization (en) |
| Ƙasa | Switzerland |
| Mulki | |
| Shugaba | Hoesung Lee (en) |
| Hedkwata | Geneva (en) |
| Mamallaki | World Meteorological Organization (en) da United Nations Environment Programme (en) |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 1988 |
| Wanda ya samar | |
| Awards received | Nobel Peace Prize (2007) |
    | |
IPCC an kafa ta ne a 1988 ta Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya (WMO) da Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP) kuma daga baya Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi. Mamba a bude yake ga dukkan mambobi na WMO da UN.[5] IPCC tana samar da rahotanni wadanda ke taimakawa aikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Yarjejeniyar Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC), babbar yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan canjin yanayi.[6][7] Manufar UNFCCC ita ce "daidaita abubuwan da ke cikin iskar gas a sararin samaniya a matakin da zai hana tsangwama na yanayin halittar mutum (mai saurin haifar da mutum) da tsarin yanayi".[8] Rahoton bincike na biyar na IPCC ya kasance muhimmiyar shigar da kimiyya cikin yarjejeniyar Paris ta UNFCCC a cikin 2015.[9]Rahoton IPCC ya shafi "bayanan kimiyya, fasaha da zamantakewar tattalin arziki da suka dace da fahimtar tushen ilimin kimiyya na hatsarin canjin yanayi da dan adam ya jawo, tasirin da take da shi da zaɓuɓɓuka don daidaitawa da raguwa."[10] IPCC ba ta yin bincike na asali, kuma ba ta kula da yanayi ko al'amuran da suka shafi kanta ba. Maimakon haka, tana tantance wallafe-wallafen da aka wallafa, gami da mahimman bayanai game da matasa.[11] Ko yaya, ana iya faɗin IPCC don haɓaka bincike a cikin kimiyyar yanayi. Sassan rahotanni na IPCC galibi suna rufewa tare da sassan kan iyakancewa da ilimi ko ratayen bincike, kuma sanarwar rahoton IPCC na musamman na iya haɓaka ayyukan bincike a wannan yankin.
Dubunnan masana kimiyya da sauran masana suna bada gudummawa bisa son rai[12] wajen rubutawa da yin bita, sannan gwamnatoci su kan duba su. Rahoton IPCC na dauke da "Takaitawa ga masu tsara manufofin siyasa", wanda ke karkashin amincewar layi-layi daga wakilan daga dukkan gwamnatocin da ke halarta. Yawanci, wannan ya shafi gwamnatocin sama da ƙasashe 120.[13]
IPCC tana ba da izini mai karbuwa a duniya kan canjin yanayi,[14] samar da rahotanni waɗanda ke da yarjejeniyar jagorancin masana kimiyyar yanayi da yarjejeniya daga gwamnatocin da ke halartar taron. An raba kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya ta 2007 tsakanin IPCC da Al Gore.[15]
Bayan zaben sabon Ofishin a 2015, IPCC ta hau kan zagaye na shida na tantancewa. Bayan rahoton bincike na shida, wanda za a kammala a 2022, IPCC ta fitar da rahoto na Musamman kan canjin yanayi na 1.5 ° C a watan Oktoba 2018, fitar da sabuntawa ga Shawarwarin ta na 2006 na National Green-house Gas Inventories - Tacewar 2019 - a watan Mayu 2019, kuma sun gabatar da wasu rahotanni na musamman guda biyu a cikin 2019: Rahoton Musamman kan canjin yanayi da an dasa (SRCCL), wanda aka sake shi a ranar 25 Satumba 2019. Wannan ya sanya sake zagayowar kimantawa ta shida mafi girman buri a cikin tarihin IPCC na shekaru 32.[16] IPCC ta kuma yanke shawarar shirya rahoto na musamman kan birane da canjin yanayi a zagayen tantancewa karo na bakwai kuma ta gudanar da taro a watan Maris din 2018 don zaburar da bincike a wannan yankin.