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Bahasa hewan

Bahasa hewan adalah bentuk komunikasi hewan non-manusia yang menunjukkan kemiripan dengan bahasa manusia. Hewan berkomunikasi dengan menggunakan berbagai tanda seperti suara atau gerakan. Penggunaan tanda atau simbol semacam ini dapat dianggap cukup kompleks untuk disebut sebagai suatu bentuk bahasa jika memiliki banyak koleksi tanda, tanda-tandanya relatif arbitrer, dan dilakukan hewan diluar insting atau ekspresi. Dalam penelitian eksperimental, adanya komunikasi semacam ini antar hewan juga dapat dibuktikan melalui penggunaan leksigram (seperti yang digunakan oleh simpanse dan bonobo).

Banyak peneliti berpendapat bahwa komunikasi hewan tidak memiliki aspek kunci dari bahasa manusia, yaitu penciptaan pola-pola baru dari berbagai simbol dalam beberapa keadaan. Sebaliknya, manusia secara rutin menghasilkan kombinasi kata yang sama sekali baru. Beberapa peneliti, termasuk ahli bahasa Charles Hockett, berpendapat bahwa bahasa manusia dan komunikasi hewan sangat berbeda sehingga prinsip yang mendasarinya tidak berhubungan.[1] Oleh karena itu, ahli bahasa Thomas A. Sebeok telah mengusulkan untuk tidak menggunakan istilah "bahasa" pada sistem tanda hewan.[2] Sementara itu, Marc Hauser, Noam Chomsky, dan W. Tecumseh Fitch menegaskan adanya kontinum evolusi antara metode komunikasi bahasa hewan dan manusia.[3]

Referensi

Bacaan lanjutan

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