ନିକେଲ

ନିକେଲ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Niପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୨୮ ।

Nickel,  28Ni
A pitted and lumpy piece of silvery metal, with the top surface cut flat
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକnickel, Ni
Appearancelustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/ˈnɪkəl/ NIK-əl
Nickel in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
-

Ni

Pd
cobalt ← nickelcopper
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)28
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup 10, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 4
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)58.6934(4)(2)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[Ar] 4s2 3d8 or [Ar] 4s1 3d9 (see text)
per shell
2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ1728 K ​(1455 °C, ​2651 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ3186 K ​(2913 °C, ​5275 °F)
Density near r.t.8.908 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.7.81 g/cm3
Heat of fusion17.48 kJ/mol
Heat of 377.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.07 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)178319502154241027413184
Atomic properties
Oxidation states4[୧], 3, 2, 1[୨], -1 ​mildly basic oxide
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.91
energies
(more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 124 pm
Covalent radius124±4 pm
Van der Waals radius163 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure ​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for nickel
Speed of sound thin rod4900 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity90.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity69.3 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingferromagnetic
Young's modulus200 GPa
Shear modulus76 GPa
Bulk modulus180 GPa
Poisson ratio0.31
Mohs hardness4.0
Vickers hardness638 MPa
Brinell hardness700 MPa
CAS Number7440-02-0
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରAxel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
First isolationAxel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
Most stable isotopes of nickel
isoNAhalf-lifeDMDE (MeV)DP
58Ni68.077%>7×1020 yβ+β+1.925858Fe
59Nitrace7.6×104 yε-59Co
60Ni26.223%60Ni is stable with 32 neutrons
61Ni1.14%61Ni is stable with 33 neutrons
62Ni3.634%62Ni is stable with 34 neutrons
63Nisyn100.1 yβ0.066963Cu
64Ni0.926%64Ni is stable with 36 neutrons
| references

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