Wikipedysta:Patriagk/brudnopis1

Chińska Narodowa Agencja Kosmiczna (CNSA; chiń. upr. 国家航天局; chiń. trad. 國家航天局; pinyin Guójiā Hángtiānjú) - państwowa instytucja utworzona 22 kwietnia 1993, zarządzająca chińskim programem kosmicznym.

CNSA podpisała umowy rządowe o współpracy z Brazylią, Chile, Francją, Niemcami, Indiami, Włochami, Pakistanem, Rosją, Ukrainą, Wielką Brytanią, USA i kilkoma innymi państwami[1].

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne


Kategoria:Agencje kosmiczneKategoria:Chiński program kosmiczny

Szablon:About Szablon:Short description Szablon:Use dmy dates Szablon:Infobox Space agency Szablon:Chinese China National Space Administration (CNSA) (Szablon:Zh) is the national space agency of China responsible for the national space program[1] and for planning and development of space activities. CNSA and China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) assumed the authoritySzablon:When over space development efforts previously held by the Ministry of Aerospace Industry. It is a subordinate agency of the State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND), itself a subordinate agency of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT).

The headquarters are in Haidian District, Beijing.

History

CNSA is an agency created in 1993 when the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was split into CNSA and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The former was to be responsible for policy, while the latter was to be responsible for execution. This arrangement proved somewhat unsatisfactory, as these two agencies were, in effect, one large agency, sharing both personnel and management.[1]

As part of a massive restructuring in 1998, CASC was split into a number of smaller state-owned companies. The intention appeared to have been to create a system similar to that characteristic of Western defense procurement in which entities which are government agencies, setting operational policy, would then contract out their operational requirements to entities which were government-owned, but not government-managed.[1]

Function

CNSA was established as a government institution to develop and fulfill China's due international obligations, with the approval by the 8th National People's Congress of China (NPC). The Ninth NPC assigned CNSA as an internal structure of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND). CNSA assumes the following main responsibilities: signing governmental agreements in the space area on behalf of organizations, inter-governmental scientific and technical exchanges; and also being in charge of the enforcement of national space policies and managing the national space science, technology and industry.

Up to now, China has signed governmental space cooperation agreements with Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, India, Italy, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and some other countries. Significant achievements have been scored in the bilateral and multilateral and technology exchanges and cooperation.[1]

Administrators of CNSA are appointed by the State Council.

Taikonauts

 Osobny artykuł: List of Chinese astronauts.

As of 2013, eleven Chinese people have traveled to space (alphabetical order):

Administrators

The most recent administrator is Zhang Kejian. Wu Yanhua is vice-administrator and Tian Yulong is secretary general.[2]

  • April 1993: Liu Jiyuan
  • April 1998: Luan Enjie
  • 2004: Sun Laiyan
  • July 2010: Chen Qiufa[3]
  • March 2013: Ma Xingrui[4]
  • December 2013: Xu Dazhe[2]
  • May 2017: Tang Dengjie
  • May 2018: Zhang Kejian

Departments

There are four departments under the CNSA:

  • Department of General Planning
  • Department of System Engineering
  • Department of Science, Technology and Quality Control
  • Department of Foreign Affairs

CNSA's logo is a similar design to that of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.[5] The arrow in the middle is similar to the Chinese character 人 which means 'human' or 'people', to state that humans are the center of all space exploration. The three concentric ellipses stand for three types of Escape Velocity (minimum speed needed to reach sustainable orbits, to escape the earth system, and to escape the solar system) which are milestones of space exploration. The second ring is drawn with a bold line, to state that China has passed the first stage of exploration (earth system) and is undergoing the second stage exploration (within the solar system). The 人 character stands above the three rings to emphasize humanity's capability to escape and explore. Olive branches were added to state that China's space exploration is peaceful in nature.[potrzebny przypis]

See also

  • Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
  • List of government space agencies

Przypisy

External links

Szablon:Chinese space program Szablon:Chinese spacecraft Szablon:Chinese space facilities and organizations Szablon:Public sector space agencies Szablon:Transport in China Szablon:State Council of the People's Republic of China