Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. (11 September 1917 – 28 September 1989) wis a Filipino politeecian an kleptocrat[2][3][4][5][6][7] that wis Preses o the Philippines frae 1965 tae 1986. He ruled as a dictator[2][8][9][10] unner martial law frae 1972 till 1981.[11] His regime wis infamous for its corruption,[12][13][14][15] extravagance,[16][17][18] an brutality.[19][20][21]
Ferdinand E. Marcos OS, PLH | |
---|---|
Marcos in 1982. | |
10t Preses o the Philippines | |
In office 30 December 1965 – 25 Februar 1986 | |
Prime Meenister | Himself (1978–1981) Cesar Virata (1981–1986) |
Vice Preses | Fernando López (1965–1973) Arturo Tolentino (Feb. 16–25, 1986) |
Precedit bi | Diosdado Macapagal |
Succeedit bi | Corazon Aquino |
3rd Prime Meenister o the Philippines | |
In office 12 Juin 1978 – 30 Juin 1981 | |
Precedit bi | Office established (Poseetion previously held bi Jorge B. Vargas) |
Succeedit bi | Cesar Virata |
Secretar o Naitional Defense | |
In office 28 August 1971 – 3 Januar 1972 | |
Preses | Himsel |
Precedit bi | Juan Ponce Enrile |
Succeedit bi | Juan Ponce Enrile |
In office 31 December 1965 – 20 Januar 1967 | |
Preses | Himsel |
Precedit bi | Macario Peralta |
Succeedit bi | Ernesto Mata |
11t Preses o the Senate o the Philippines | |
In office 5 Apryle 1963 – 30 December 1965 | |
Preses | Diosdado Macapagal |
Precedit bi | Eulogio Rodriguez |
Succeedit bi | Arturo Tolentino |
Senator o the Philippines | |
In office 30 December 1959 – 30 December 1965 | |
Member o the Philippine Hoose o Representatives frae Ilocos Norte's Seicont Destrict | |
In office 30 December 1949 – 30 December 1959 | |
Precedit bi | Pedro Albano |
Succeedit bi | Simeon M. Valdez |
Personal details | |
Born | Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos[1] 11 September 1917 Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Philippine Islands |
Dee'd | 28 September 1989 (aged 72) Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S. |
Restin place | Marcos Museum an Mausoleum, Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines |
Poleetical pairty | Kilusang Bagong Lipunan |
Ither poleetical affiliations | Liberal Pairty (1946–1965) Nacionalista Pairty (1965–1978) |
Spoose(s) | Imelda Romuáldez (1954–1989; his daith) |
Bairns | Ma. Imelda Marcos Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. Irene Marcos-Araneta Aimee Marcos |
Alma mater | Varsity o the Philippines College o Law |
Profession | Politeecian |
Religion | Roman Catholicism (umwhile Iglesia Filipina Independiente) |
Signatur | |
Militar service | |
Allegiance | Philippines |
Rank | Major |
Battles/wars | Warld War II |
Marcos claimed an active part in Warld War II, includin fechtin alangside the Americans in the Bataan Daith Mairch an bein the "maist decoratit war hero in the Philippines".[22] A nummer o his claims war foond tae be fause[23][24][25][26][27] an the Unitit States Airmy documents descrived Marcos's wartime claims as "fraudulent" an "absurd".[28]
Marcos stairtit as an attorney, then served in the Philippine Hoose o Representatives frae 1949 tae 1959 an the Philippine Senate frae 1959 tae 1965. He wis electit Preses in 1965, an presidit ower a growin economy in the beginnin an intermediate portion o his 20-year rule,[29] but endit in loss o liveliheid, extreme poverty, an a crushin det creesis.[30][31][32] Marcos placed the Philippines unner martial law on 23 September 1972,[33][34][35] during which he revamped the constitution, silenced the media,[36] an uised veeolence an oppression[21] against the poleetical opposeetion,[37] Muslims, communist rebels,[38] an ordinar ceetizens.[39] Martial law wis ratifee'd bi 90.77% o the voters in the Philippine Martial Law referendum, 1973 tho the referendum wis marred wi controversy.[40][41]
Public ootrage led tae the snap elections o 1986. Allegations o mass cheatin, poleetical turmoil, an human richts abuisses led tae the Fowk Pouer Revolution in Februar 1986, that remuived him frae pouer.[42] Tae avoid whit coud hae been a militar confrontation in Manila atween pro- an anti-Marcos truips, Marcos wis advised bi Preses Ronald Reagan throu Senator Paul Laxalt tae "cut an cut cleanly",[43] efter that Marcos fled tae Hawaii.[44] Marcos wis succeedit bi Corazon "Cory" Aquino, widae o the assassinatit opposeetion leader Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. that haed flown back tae the Philippines tae face Marcos.[42][45][46][47]
Accordin tae soorce documents providit bi the Presidential Commission on Guid Govrenment (PCGG),[48][49][50] the Marcos faimily stole US$5–10 billion.[51] The PCGG an aw mainteened that the Marcos faimily enjoyed a decadent lifestyle, takkin awey billions o dollars[48][50] frae the Philippines[52][53] atween 1965 an 1986. His wife Imelda Marcos, that's excesses in the couple's conjugal dictatorship[54][55][56] made her infamous in her awn richt, spawned the term "Imeldific".[19][57][58][59] Twa o thair childer, Imee Marcos an Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr., are still active in Philippine politics.