Hai Phong

Hai Phong wis oreeginally foondit bi Lê Chân, the female general o a Vietnamese revolution agin the Cheenese led bi the Trưng Sisters (Hai Bà Trưng) in the year 43 C.E.The aurie whilk is nou kent as Duong Kinh Destrict wis ance kent as Hai tan Phong thu ("defensive coastal aurie"), an servit as the seicont caipital o the Mac dynasty (1527–1592). At the end o Nguyen Emperor Tu Duc's reign, the heidquarters o An Duong Destrict wis muivit tae Hang Kenh, whilk nou belangs Le Chan Destrict.^[1]

In 1881, the ceety wis the steid o a devastating typhoon whilk claimit up tae 300,000 lifes.

Haiphong wis ane o Vietnam's principal ports an tradin centres. Whan the kintra wis invadit bi the French, the ceety became Fraunce's main naval base in Indocheenae. Efter Warld War II, whan Vietnam ettilt tae regain its unthirldom, Hai Phong wis the steid o the first militar action unnertaen bi the French, a paikin for the daith o three French sodgers. Some soorces^[2] claim that the French hivy cruiser Suffren bombardit the ceety, while ithers claim it wisnae Suffren but 3 avisos or sloops, unhauden bi Suffren, the ships that bombardit the ceety an adjacent fields in an aggression that contributit tae the stairt o the First Indocheenae War.^[3][4] French infantry forces unner the command o Jean-Étienne Valluy invadit the ceety an focht hoose tae hoose wi stuit frae armored units an jet fechters.^[5]

Vietnam War

Later, in the Vietnam War, Hai Phong wis subjectit tae hivy bombin bi US Navy an Air Force strike aircraft acause it wis North Vietnam's anerlie major port. The ceety, housomeivver, wis evendoun unaffectit bi the war due tae the estaiblishment o a prohibition zone surroondin it. Efter the war, the ceety recovered an became a significant industrial centre.^[1] Thir days, its port sers the hailly northren region o Vietnam, an haes managit tae attract lairge foreign direct investment that fueled economic rates o growthe ootdingin 10% per annum ower the last decade.

Haiphong is the third lairgest ceety in Vietnam, wi an aurie o 1,507.57 km² an a population o 1,884,685 accordin tae the 2009 census.^[6] Weemen constitute 50.4% o Haiphong's population.^[7]

Population growt

As o the 2009 census, Haiphong's average annual population growthe rate wis gien as 4.0%. Haiphong's crude birth rate wis recordit at 18.1 live births per 1000 persons; the crude daith rate wis measured at 7.6 per 1000 persons. Life expectancy at birth wis estimate at 77.1 year for weemen an 72.0 year for men, or 74.5 year oweraw. The infant mortality rate wis meisured at 11.8 infant daiths per 1000 live births, juist ower twa pynt abuin the naition's average for urban auries. In the same census, the ceety's immigration an emigration rates wis measured at 2.8% an 1.9%, respectively, for a net migration rate o 0.9%.^[7]

Hai Phong is a coastal ceety locatit at the mooth o the Cam River, in Vietnam's northeastren coastal aurie, 120 km east o Hanoi. The Binh Brig crosses the Cam an connecks the ceety wit Thuy Nguyen Destrict. It haes a tot naitural aurie o 152,318.49ha (2001). It haes mairches wi Quang Ninh province norlins, Hai Duong province wastlins, Thai Binh province soothlins, an the Guwf o Tonkin eastlins. Bach Long Vi island, in the Guwf, is admeenistered as pairt o the ceety an aw. The ceety is locatit in a convenient poseetion for transportation tae domestic provinces, an internaitional netwirks via road netwirk, railwa, sea routes, inland waterwa an air.

Hai Phong featurs a humid subtropical climate, wi het, humid simmers an wairm, dry winters. The ceety is noticeably wetter frae Aprile throu October. In fact, aboot 90% o the ceety’s annual precipitation (whilk is thereaboot 1600 mm o rainfaw) teepically faws in thae month. Thare is a noticeable difference in temperaturs atween the ceety’s winters an simmers. Hai Phong’s ceulest months, Januar an Februar, sees average heich temperaturs reak 20 degrees Celsius an average law temperaturs at aroond 14 degrees Celsius. Its wairmest months, Juin an Julie, sees average heich temperaturs swither aroond 33 degrees Celsius an average law temperaturs at aroond 26 degrees Celsius.

Hai Phong is northren Vietnam's seicont lairgest industrial centre.^[8] It's GDP accounted for 11.8 o the Red River Delta in 2007, seicont anerly tae Hanoi. It is a significant producer o rice an haes the Red River Delta's fowert lairgest fishing sector. Its industrial sector is the seicont lairgest in the region (10.6% o regional industrial GDP) an a totty wee bit aheid o Vinh Phuc province (2007). Hai Phong is northren Vietnam's major port ceety. As a result, it haes a lairge service sector an is important for the region's tred, wi export o US$1.26bn an imports o US$1.55bn in 2007.^[9][10]

Agricultur, Forestry an Fishery

In maugre o its status as a ceety, aroond a third o Hai Phong's aurie or 52,300 ha (as o 2007) is uised for agriculture. Rice is the maist important crap, takkin up aroond 80% o the agricultural land wi an output o 463,100 ton in 2007.^[9] Ither agricultural products include maize, succar an peanuts.^[9]

Hai Phong haes a relatively lairge fishing sector wi an output o 79,705 ton (2007). Gross output haes awmaist doubled atween 2000 an 2007, maistly due tae fast growthe in aquaculture, whilk made up 60% o gross output in 2007. In maugre o its coastal location, sea fish contribute relatively little tae the sector (aroond a fowert). Nam Dinh province an Thai Binh province haes fair feck lairger fishing sectors an even the inland Hai Duong province haes a lairger gross output frae fishin than Hai Phong.^[9]

As o 2007, 315,500 wis employed in agriculture an fishery, a significant decrease frae 396,300 in 2000. Houiver, thir sectors still accoont for awmaist a third o tot employment in Hai Phong, a lairger dale than industry.^[9] Housomever, gross output in baith agriculture an fishery haes been growin significantly atween 2000 an 2007.

Industry

Hai Phong haes a lairge an diversifee'd industrial sector includin fuid processin, licht industries an hivy industries. Major products include fish sauce, beer, cigarettes, textiles, paper, plastic pipes, cement, iron, pharmaceuticals, electric fans, motorbikes, steel pipes an ships.^[9] Maist o thae industries haes been growin significantly atween 2000 an 2007, wi the exceptions o the cigarette an pharmaceutical industries. Shipbiggin, steel pipes, plastic pipes an textiles are amang the industries wi the maist rapid growthe.^[9]

Several lairge industrial projects wi foreign pairticipation are currently bein prepared. The kintra's fowert Vietnam Singapore Industrial Pairk is unner construction in Hai Phong. It haes an investment caipital o US$1bn an is projectit tae hae a population o 150,000 bi 2020.^[11] Anither billion dollar project wis annooncit bi the Japanese tire producer Bridgestone in December 2011.^[12] Hai Phong will be the location o Vietnam's first specialisit industrial pairk exclusively for Japanese investors an aw.^[13]

Thare growin industries supplyin products uised bi existingindustries in the ceety an aw. PetroVietnam set up a jynt-ventur PVTex wi textile manufacturer Vinatex tae bigg Vietnam's first polyester feebre plant in Hai Phong. The factory will uise bi-products frae ile-refinin an reduce reliance on importit materials.^[14]

270,600 fowk wur employed in Hai Phong's industry. 112,600 industrial jobs wur creatit atween 2000 an 2007.^[9]

Ceety Airchitectur

Haiphong is a bonnie ceety. Ceety Airchitectur is a harmonious mixtur atween twa Asie an Wastren culturs. This mixtur gies the ceety a specific, elagant an strang beauty. Till nou, Haiphong haes a lot o auld quairters which wur biggit aboot 100 years ago. In Hong Bang destrict, for instance, thare are monys Franch bonnie villa, clean an uncroudit streets. Near Tam Bac Lake, thare is a Cheenese quairter, whaur Cheenese businessmen uised tae live in the past, haes a lot seemilar beauties wi Cho Lon in Ho Chi Minh Ceety. Especially Tam Bac street near dreamlike Tam Bac river, its beauty haes been theme o mony poets an painters.

Tourism

Haiphong is a famous ceety in the north o Vietnam wi mony coastlines namit Do Son, Cat Ba, Cat Co, an Dao Khi. Doson Casino is a tourist attraction place an aw.

• Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve
• Cat Ba National Park
• The Grand Catholic Cathedral
• Du Hang Pagoda
• Hang Kenh Communal House
• Do Sơn Beach
• Elephant Moontain
• Vinh Bao Destrict
• Trang Kenh – Bach Dang
• Tien Lang Het Watter Spring Resort & Spa

Transport

Bi Land

Haiphong is locatit near the junction o twa Naitional Heich-gates: Route 5, leadin wast tae Hanoi, an Route 10, leadin sooth tae Nam Dinh an connectin wi National Heich-gate 1A at Ninh Binh. Heich-gate 356 passes wast–east frae the Route 5/10 junction throu Haiphong's dountoun aurie aw the wa tae the coast.Thare is a connectin road frae route 5 tae route 18 whilk connects Hai Phong an Quang Ninh province an aw.Thare several coach stations, sic as Tam Bac, Niem Nghia, an Cau Rao.

Bi sea

Hai Phong port is ane o the twa biggest ports in Vietnam. It is leetit in ane o the maist important port in the Sootheast Asie.The Port o Haiphong is dividit intae three main terminals: Hoang Dieu terminal (Central terminal), locatit near the ceety's centre; Chua Ve terminal, an Dinh Vu Terminal, baith on the eastren side o toun. Aw three terminals are locatit on the banks o the Cam River.^[15] Several ferry terminals connect Haiphong wi the neehbourin Cat Hai an Cat Ba Islands; Ben Binh Ferry terminal is locatit near the dountoun aurie, while Dinh Vu Ferry is locatit on a spit o land on the coast. Recently, the govrenment o Vietnam haes appruivit the plan aboot biggin an internaitional port in Lach Huyen – 15 kilometer frae the ceety central. This will be ane o the biggest port in Vietnam whase depth is aboot −14m whilk can receive 50000 tae 100000 DWT ships.

Bi train

Hai Phong Railway Station, established in 1902, is the eastren terminus o the Hanoi–Hai Phong railwa line, kent as the Yunnan–Vietnam Railway an aw. Built at the initiative o the French in thair occupation, the railwa ance connectit Haiphong tae the ceety o Kunming in Cheenae's Yunnan province, awthough service alang the Cheenese portion o the line is currently suspendit. Rail traivel frae Haiphong is still possible, wi connections tae the rest o the Vietnamese railwey network possible via Hanoi. Besides this, thare a fair few o railwey roads in the hale ceety tae ser the requirement o muivin guids oot o an intae ports.

Bi air

The main airport serrin Hai Phong is Cat Bi International Airport, wi three flichts a day tae Ho Chi Minh Ceety. Recently, in Aprile 2011 Vietnam Airlines haes jist opened a new flicht whilk connects Hai Phong an Da Nang wi 5 flichts a week.Accordin tae the plan o Vietnam govrenment, thare will be an internaitional airport in Hai Phong whilk is locatit in Tien Lang destrict. This is planned tae be the biggest airport in North Vietnam.

• Da Nang, Vietnam
• Incheon, Sooth Korea
• Seattle, USA
• Tianjin, Cheenae
• Saunt Petersburg, Roushie
• Vladivostok, Roushie

• Offeecial Wabsteid o Hai Phong Ceety Archived 2012-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
• Official Website of Haiphong Tourism Archived 2010-11-12 at the Wayback Machine.
• History of Haiphong^{[deid airtin]}: interactive Google Cairt wi specific sites an historic views o the ceety frae French colonial times.

Template:Ceeties in Vietnam