Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (German: [ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl kant]; 22 Aprile 1724 – 12 Februar 1804) wis a German filosopher that is widely conseedert tae be a central feegur o modren filosofie. In his doctrine o transcendental idealism, he argied that space, time, an causation are mere sensibilities; "things-in-themsels" exist, but thair naitur is unkenable.[1][2] In his view, the mind shapes an structures experience, wi aw human experience sharin certain structural featurs. He drew a parallel tae the Copernican revolution in his proposition that warldly objects can be intuitit a priori ('aforehaund'), an that intueetion is tharefore independent frae objective reality.[3] Kant believed that raison is the soorce o morality, an that aesthetics arise frae a faculty o disinterestit juidgment. Kant's views conteena tae hae a major influence on contemporary filosofie, especially the fields o epistemology, ethics, poleetical theory, an post-modren aesthetics.
Immanuel Kant | |
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| Born | 22 Apryle 1724 Königsberg, Kinrick o Proushie (nou Kaliningrad, Roushie) |
| Dee'd | 12 Februar 1804 (aged 79) Königsberg, Kinrick o Proushie |
| Residence | Kinrick o Proushie |
| Naitionality | German |
| Era | 18t-century filosofie |
| Region | Wastren philosofie |
| Schuil | Kantianism Enlichtenment filosofie |
Main interests | Epistemology · Metapheesics Ethics |
Notable ideas | Categorical imperative Transcendental idealism Synthetic a priori Noumenon · Sapere aude Nebular hypothesis |
Influenced
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In ane o Kant's major warks, the Critique o Pure Raison (1781),[4] he attemptit tae explain the relationship atween raison an human experience an tae muive ayont the failyies o tradeetional filosofie an metapheesics. Kant wantit tae pit an end tae an era o futile an speculative theories o human experience, while resistin the skepticism o thinkers sic as David Hume. Kant regairdit himsel as shawin the way past the impasse atween raitionalists an empiricists that filosofie haed led tae,[5] an is widely held tae hae synthesized baith tradeetions in his thocht.[6]
Kant wis an exponent o the idea that perpetual peace coud be siccart throu universal democracy an internaitional cooperation. He believed that this wad be the eventual ootcome o universal history, awtho it is nae raitionally planned.[7] The naitur o Kant's releegious ideas conteenas tae be the subject o filosofical dispute, wi viewpynts rangin frae the impression that he wis an ineetial advocate o atheism that at some pynt developed an ontological argument for God, tae mair creetical treatments epitomised bi Nietzsche, that claimed that Kant haed "theologian bluid"[8] an wis merely a sophisticatit apologist for tradeetional Christian faith.[a]
Kant published ither important warks on ethics, releegion, law, aesthetics, astronomy, an history. Thir include the Universal Natural History (1755), the Critique o Practical Raison (1788), the Metapheesics o Morals (1797), an the Critique o Juidgment (1790), that leuks at aesthetics an teleology.
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