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List of emperors of Japan

Wikimedia list article

The list of emperors of Japan presents the traditional order of succession.[1] Records of the reigns of the emperors of Japan were compiled according to the traditional Japanese calendar,[2] and these traditional dates have been converted into the Western calendar format.

Emperors of Japan

No.PortraitPersonal nameReignPosthumous nameNotes
Legendary Emperors (660 BC – 269 AD)
1 Kamu-yamato Iware-biko no Mikoto660–585 BCEmperor Jimmu
神武天皇		  Traditional dates; claimed descent from the sun goddess, Amaterasu[3]
2 Kamu Nunagawamimi no Mikoto581–549 BCEmperor Suizei
綏靖天皇		  Traditional dates;[4] 3rd son of Jimmu;[5] presumed legendary
3 Shikitsuhiko Tamademi no Mikoto549–511 BCEmperor Annei
安寧天皇		  Traditional dates;[6] son and heir of Suizei;[5] presumed legendary
4 Oho Yamatohiko Sukitomo no Mikoto510–476 BCEmperor Itoku
懿徳天皇		  Traditional dates;[6] 2nd son of Annei;[5] presumed legendary
5 Mimatsuhiko Kaeshine no Mikoto475–393 BCEmperor Kōshō
孝昭天皇		  Traditional dates;[7] son and heir of Itoku;[5] presumed legendary
6 Oho Yamato Tarashihiko Kunioshi Hito no Mikoto392–291 BCEmperor Kōan
孝安天皇		  Traditional dates;[8] 2nd son of Kōshō;[5] presumed legendary
7 Oho Yamato Nekohiko Futoni no Mikoto290–215 BCEmperor Kōrei
孝霊天皇		  Traditional dates;[9] son and heir of Kōan;[5] presumed legendary
8 Oho Yamato Nekohiko Kuni Kuru no Mikoto214–158 BCEmperor Kōgen
孝元天皇		  Traditional dates;[10] son and heir of Kōrei;[5] presumed legendary
9 Waka Yamato Nekohiko Oho Bibino no Mikoto157–98 BCEmperor Kaika
開化天皇		  Traditional dates;[11] 2nd son of Kōgen;[5] presumed legendary
10 Mimaki Irihiko Inie no Mikoto97–30 BCEmperor Sujin
崇神天皇		Traditional dates;[12] first emperor of plausible historicity[13]
11 Ikume Irihiko Isachi no Mikoto29 BC–AD 70 Emperor Suinin
垂仁天皇		Traditional dates[14]
12 Oho Tarashihiko Oshirowake no Mikoto71–130Emperor Keikō
景行天皇		Traditional dates[15]
13 Waka Tarashihiko131–191Emperor Seimu
成務天皇		Traditional dates[16]
14 Tarashi Nakatsuhiko no Mikoto192–200Emperor Chūai
仲哀天皇		Traditional dates[17]
Okinaga Tarashihime no Mikoto201–269Empress Jingū
神功皇后		Traditional dates;[18] served as regent for Emperor Ōjin; not counted among the officially numbered Emperors
Kofun period (269–539)
15 Honda no Sumeramikoto / Ōtomowake no Mikoto / Homutawake no Mikoto270–310Emperor Ōjin
応神天皇		Traditional dates;[19] deified as Hachiman
16 Ō Sazaki no Mikoto313–399Emperor Nintoku
仁徳天皇		Traditional dates[20]
17 Isaho Wake no Mikoto400–405Emperor Richū
履中天皇		Traditional dates[21]
18 Tajihi Mizuha Wake no Mikoto406–410Emperor Hanzei
反正天皇		Traditional dates[22]
19 Wo Asazuma Wakugo no Sukune411–453Emperor Ingyō
允恭天皇		Traditional dates[23]
20 Anaho no Mikoto453–456Emperor Ankō
安康天皇		Traditional dates[24]
21 Oho Hatsuse Wakatakeru no Mikoto456–479Emperor Yūryaku
雄略天皇		Traditional dates[25]
22 Shiraka Takehiro Kuni Oshi Waka Yamato Neko no Mikoto480–484Emperor Seinei
清寧天皇		Traditional dates[26]
23 Ohoke no Mikoto485–487Emperor Kenzō
顕宗天皇		Traditional dates[27]
24 Ohoshi (Ohosu) no Mikoto/ Shimano Iratsuko488–498Emperor Ninken
仁賢天皇		Traditional dates[28]
25 Wohatsuse Wakasazaki498–506Emperor Buretsu
武烈天皇		Traditional dates[29]
26 Ōto/Hikofuto (Hikofuto no Mikoto/Ōdo no Sumera Mikoto)507–531Emperor Keitai
継体天皇		Traditional dates[30]
27 Hirokuni Oshitake Kanahi no Mikoto531–535Emperor Ankan
安閑天皇		Traditional dates[31]
28 Takeo Hirokuni Oshitate no Mikoto535–539Emperor Senka
宣化天皇		Traditional dates[32]
Asuka period (539–710)
29 Amekuni Oshiharuki Hironiwa no Sumera Mikoto539–571Emperor Kinmei
欽明天皇		Traditional dates;[33] all Emperors from Kinmei onwards are historically verifiable[34]
30 Osada no Nunakura no Futotamashiki no Mikoto572–585Emperor Bidatsu
敏達天皇		Traditional dates[35]
31 Ooe/Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto585–587Emperor Yōmei
用明天皇		Traditional dates[36]
32 Hatsusebe no (Wakasasagi) Mikoto587–592Emperor Sushun
崇峻天皇		Traditional dates[37]
33 Nukatabe/Toyomike Kashikiyahime592–628Empress Suiko
推古天皇		Traditional dates;[38] first non-legendary female Emperor; Prince Shotoku acted as her regent
34 Tamura (Oki Nagatarashihi Hironuka no Sumera Mikoto)629–641Emperor Jomei
舒明天皇		Traditional dates[39]
35 Takara (Ame Toyotakaraikashi Hitarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto)642–645Empress Kōgyoku
皇極天皇		Traditional dates;[40] reigned twice
36 Karu (Ame Yorozu Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto)645–654Emperor Kōtoku
孝徳天皇		Traditional dates[41]
37 Takara (Ame Toyotakaraikashi Hitarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto)655–661Empress Saimei
斉明天皇		Traditional dates;[42] second reign of Empress Kōgyoku
38 Katsuragi/Nakano-ooe (Ame Mikoto Hirakasuwake no Mikoto/Amatsu Mikoto Sakiwake no Mikoto)661–672Emperor Tenji
天智天皇		Traditional dates[43]
39 Ōtomo672Emperor Kōbun
弘文天皇		Traditional dates;[44] usurped by Tenmu; posthumously named (1870)
40 Ōama/Ohoshiama/Ōsama (Ame no Nunahara Oki no Mahito no Sumera Mikoto)672–686Emperor Tenmu
天武天皇		Traditional dates[45]
41 Unonosarara (Takama no Harahiro no Hime no Sumera Mikoto)686–697Empress Jitō
持統天皇		Traditional dates[46]
42 Karu (Ame no Mamune Toyoohoji no Sumera Mikoto)697–707Emperor Monmu
文武天皇		Traditional dates[47]
Nara period (710–794)
43 Ahe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Mishiro Toyokuni Narihime no Sumera Mikoto)707–715Empress Gemmei
元明天皇		Traditional dates[48]
44 Hidaka/Niinomi (Yamatoneko Takamizu Kiyotarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto)715–724Empress Genshō
元正天皇		Traditional dates[49]
45 Obito (Ameshirushi Kunioshiharuki Toyosakurahiko no Sumera Mikoto)724–749Emperor Shōmu
聖武天皇		Traditional dates[50]
46 Abe (Yamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto)749–758Empress Kōken
孝謙天皇		Traditional dates;[51] reigned twice
47 Ōi758–764Emperor Junnin
淳仁天皇		Traditional dates[52] dethroned by Shōtoku; posthumously named (1870)
48 Abe (Yamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto)764–770Empress Shōtoku
称徳天皇		Traditional dates;[53] second reign of Empress Kōken
49 Shirakabe (Amemune Takatsugi no Mikoto)770–781Emperor Kōnin
光仁天皇		Traditional dates[54]
50 Yamabe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Hitsugi Iyaderi no Mikoto)781–806Emperor Kanmu
桓武天皇		Traditional dates[55]
Heian period (794–1185)
51 Ate (Yamatoneko Ameoshikuni Takahiko no Mikoto)806–809Emperor Heizei
平城天皇		Traditional dates[56]
52 Kamino809–823Emperor Saga
嵯峨天皇		Traditional dates[57]
53 Ōtomo823–833Emperor Junna
淳和天皇		Traditional dates[58]
54 Masara833–850Emperor Ninmyō
仁明天皇		Traditional dates[59]
55 Michiyasu850–858Emperor Montoku
文徳天皇		Traditional dates[60]
56 Korehito858–876Emperor Seiwa
清和天皇		Traditional dates[61]
57 Sadaakira876–884Emperor Yōzei
陽成天皇		Traditional dates[62]
58 Tokiyasu884–887Emperor Kōkō
光孝天皇		Traditional dates[63]
59 Sadami887–897Emperor Uda
宇多天皇		Traditional dates[64]
60 Atsuhito897–930Emperor Daigo
醍醐天皇		Traditional dates[65]
61 Yutaakira930–946Emperor Suzaku
朱雀天皇		Traditional dates[66]
62 Nariakira946–967Emperor Murakami
村上天皇		Traditional dates[67]
63 Norihira967–969Emperor Reizei
冷泉天皇		Traditional dates[68]
64 Morihira969–984Emperor En'yū
円融天皇		Traditional dates[69]
65 Morosada984–986Emperor Kazan
花山天皇		Traditional dates[70]
66 Kanehito986–1011Emperor Ichijō
一条天皇		Traditional dates[71]
67 Okisada/Iyasada1011–1016Emperor Sanjō
三条天皇		Traditional dates[72]
68 Atsuhira1016–1036Emperor Go-Ichijō
後一条天皇		Traditional dates[73]
69 Atsunaga/Atsuyoshi1036–1045Emperor Go-Suzaku
後朱雀天皇		Traditional dates[74]
70 Chikahito1045–1068Emperor Go-Reizei
後冷泉天皇		Traditional dates[75]
71 Takahito1068–1073Emperor Go-Sanjō
後三条天皇		Traditional dates[76]
72Sadahito1073–1087Emperor Shirakawa
白河天皇		Traditional dates[77]
73 Taruhito1087–1107Emperor Horikawa
堀河天皇		Traditional dates[78]
74 Munehito1107–1123Emperor Toba
鳥羽天皇		Traditional dates[79]
75 Akihito1123–1142Emperor Sutoku
崇徳天皇		Traditional dates[80]
76 Narihito1142–1155Emperor Konoe
近衛天皇		Traditional dates[81]
77 Masahito1155–1158Emperor Go-Shirakawa
後白河天皇		Traditional dates[82]
78 Morihito1158–1165Emperor Nijō
二条天皇		Traditional dates[83]
79 Yorihito1165–1168Emperor Rokujō
六条天皇		Traditional dates[84]
80 Norihito1168–1180Emperor Takakura
高倉天皇		Traditional dates[84]
81 Tokihito1180–1185Emperor Antoku
安徳天皇		Traditional dates[85]
Kamakura period (1185–1333)
82 Takahira1183–1198Emperor Go-Toba
後鳥羽天皇		Traditional dates[86]
83 Tamehito1198–1210Emperor Tsuchimikado
土御門天皇		Traditional dates[87]
84 Morihira/Morinari1210–1221Emperor Juntoku
順徳天皇		Traditional dates[88]
85 Kanehira/Kanenari1221Emperor Chūkyō
仲恭天皇		Traditional dates;[89] posthumously named (1870)
86 Yutahito1221–1232Emperor Go-Horikawa
後堀河天皇		Traditional dates[90]
87 Mitsuhito/Toshihito1232–1242Emperor Shijō
四条天皇		Traditional dates[91]
88 Kunihito1242–1246Emperor Go-Saga
後嵯峨天皇		Traditional dates[92]
89 Hisahito1246–1260Emperor Go-Fukakusa
後深草天皇		Traditional dates[93]
90 Tsunehito1260–1274Emperor Kameyama
亀山天皇		Traditional dates[94]
91 Yohito1274–1287Emperor Go-Uda
後宇多天皇		Traditional dates[95]
92 Hirohito1287–1298Emperor Fushimi
伏見天皇		Traditional dates[96]
93 Tanehito1298–1301Emperor Go-Fushimi
後伏見天皇		Traditional dates[97]
94 Kuniharu1301–1308Emperor Go-Nijō
後二条天皇		Traditional dates[98]
95 Tomihito1308–1318Emperor Hanazono
花園天皇		Traditional dates[99]
96 Takaharu1318–1339Emperor Go-Daigo
後醍醐天皇		Traditional dates;[100] Southern Court
Northern Court (1331–1392)
Kazuhito1331–1333Emperor Kōgon
光厳天皇		Traditional dates[101]
Yutahito1336–1348Emperor Kōmyō
光明天皇		Traditional dates[102]
Okihito1348–1351Emperor Sukō
崇光天皇		Traditional dates[103]
Iyahito1352–1371Emperor Go-Kōgon
後光厳天皇		Traditional dates[104]
Ohito1371–1382Emperor Go-En'yū
後円融天皇		Traditional dates[105]
Motohito1382–1392Emperor Go-Komatsu
後小松天皇		Traditional dates;[106] reunified courts in 1392; see 100 below
Muromachi period and Azuchi–Momoyama period (1333–1603)
97 Norinaga/Noriyoshi1339–1368Emperor Go-Murakami
後村上天皇		Traditional dates;[107] Southern Court
98 Yutanari1368–1383Emperor Chōkei
長慶天皇		Traditional dates;[108] Southern Court
99 Hironari1383–1392Emperor Go-Kameyama
後亀山天皇		Traditional dates;[109] Southern Court
100 Motohito1392–1412Emperor Go-Komatsu
後小松天皇		Traditional dates;[110] reunified courts; see also entry in Northern Court section above
101 Mihito1412–1428Emperor Shōkō
称光天皇		Traditional dates[111]
102 Hikohito1428–1464Emperor Go-Hanazono
後花園天皇		Traditional dates[112]
103 Fusahito1464–1500Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado
後土御門天皇		Traditional dates[113]
104 Katsuhito1500–1526Emperor Go-Kashiwabara
後柏原天皇		Traditional dates[114]
105 Tomohito1526–1557Emperor Go-Nara
後奈良天皇		Traditional dates[115]
106 Michihito1557–1586Emperor Ōgimachi
正親町天皇		Traditional dates[116]
107 Kazuhito/Katahito1586–1611Emperor Go-Yōzei
後陽成天皇		Traditional dates[117]
Edo period (1603–1867)
108 Kotohito1611–1629Emperor Go-Mizunoo
(Go-Minoo)
後水尾天皇		Traditional dates[118]
109 Okiko1629–1643Empress Meishō
明正天皇		Traditional dates[119]
110 Tsuguhito1643–1654Emperor Go-Kōmyō
後光明天皇		Traditional dates[120]
111 Nagahito1655–1663Emperor Go-Sai
後西天皇		Traditional dates[121]
112 Satohito1663–1687Emperor Reigen
霊元天皇		Traditional dates[122]
113 Asahito/Tomohito1687–1709Emperor Higashiyama
東山天皇		Traditional dates[123]
114 Yasuhito/Yoshihito1709–1735Emperor Nakamikado
中御門天皇		Traditional dates[124]
115 Teruhito1735–1747Emperor Sakuramachi
桜町天皇		Traditional dates[125]
116 Toohito1747–1762Emperor Momozono
桃園天皇		Traditional dates[126]
117 Toshiko1762–1771Empress Go-Sakuramachi
後桜町天皇		Traditional dates[127] Last female Emperor. Abdicated; died in 1813
118 Hidehito1771–1779Emperor Go-Momozono
後桃園天皇		Traditional dates[128]
119 Morohito1780–1817Emperor Kōkaku
光格天皇		Traditional dates[129] Died in 1840
120 Ayahito1817–1846Emperor Ninkō
仁孝天皇
121 Osahito1846–1867Emperor Kōmei
孝明天皇		Last instance of an Emperor with multiple era names
Modern Japan (from 1867)
122 Mutsuhito1867–1912Emperor Meiji
明治天皇		The first Emperor of the Empire of Japan
123 Yoshihito1912–1926Emperor Taishō
大正天皇		Crown Prince Hirohito served as Sesshō (摂政; "Regent") 1921–1926
124 Hirohito1926–1989Emperor Shōwa
昭和天皇		Served as Sesshō (摂政; "Regent") 1921–1926.
The last Emperor of the Empire of Japan
125 Akihito1989–2019—Abdicated at the end of 30 April 2019, first to abdicate in over 200 years. Referred to as Jōkō (上皇) in Japanese, and as "Emperor Emeritus" in English. He will be known as "Emperor Heisei" (平成天皇) posthumously.
126 Naruhito2019–present—Ascended on 1 May 2019. Referred to as Kinjō Tennō (今上天皇; "the Reigning Emperor") or Tennō Heika (天皇陛下; "His Majesty the Emperor") in Japanese, and as "Emperor Naruhito" in English. He will be known as "Emperor Reiwa" (令和天皇) posthumously.[130]

Related pages

References

The chrysanthemum symbol of the Japanese emperor and his family.
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