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Voiceless velar plosive

consonantal sound

The voiceless velar stop is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨k⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨k⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by the "c" in care and the "k" in kiss.

Voiceless velar plosive
k
IPA number109
Encoding
Entity (decimal)k
Unicode (hex)U+006B
X-SAMPAk
Kirshenbaumk
Sound
 

Feeatures

  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • The phonation is voiceless. This means that this sound is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is velar. This means that this sound is produced with the back of the tongue at the soft palate.
  • The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is stop, or plosive. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)See also: Voiced velar lateral stop

Examples

LanguageWordIPAMeaning
Abkhazақалақь/ak̇halak̇h’[ˈakalakʲ]'the city'
AdygheShapsugкьэт/k′ėt [kʲat] (help·info)'chicken'
Temirgoyпскэн/pskėn[pskan]
Ahtnagistaann[kɪstʰɐːn]'six'
Aleut[1]kiikax̂[kiːkaχ]'cranberry bush'
ArabicModern Standard[2]كتب/kutib[ˈkatabɐ]'he wrote'
ArmenianEastern[3]քաղաք/ k'aġak'/k'aghak[kʰɑˈʁɑkʰ]'town'
Assameseকম/kom[kɔm]'less'
Assyrianܟܬܒ̣ܐ ctava[ktava]'book'
Basquekatu[kat̪u]'cat'
Bengaliকম/kom[kɔm]'less'
Bulgarianкак/kak[kak]'how'
Catalan[4]cors[ˈkɔ(ɾ)s]'hearts'
ChineseCantonese家 / gā [kaː˥]'home'
Hokkien歌 koa[kua]'song'
Mandarin高 / gāo [kɑʊ˥]'high'
Chuvashкукка[ku'kːɑ]'mother's brother'
Czechkost[kost]'bone'
DanishStandard[5]gås[ˈkɔ̽ːs]'goose'
Dutch[6]koning[ˈkoːnɪŋ]'king'
Englishkiss [kʰɪs]'kiss'
Esperantorakonto[raˈkonto]'tale'
Estoniankõik[kɤik]'all'
Filipinokuto[ˈkuto]'lice'
Finnishkakku[kɑkːu]'cake'
French[7]cabinet[kabinɛ]'office'
Georgian[8]ქვა/kva[kʰva]'stone'
GermanKäfig[ˈkʰɛːfɪç]'cage'
Greekκαλόγερος / kalógeros[kaˈlo̞ʝe̞ro̞s̠]'monk'
Gujaratiકાંદો/kaṃde[kɑːnd̪oː]'onion'
Hebrewכסף / kesef[ˈkesef]'money'
Hiligaynonkadlaw[kad̪law]'laugh'
Hindustaniकाम / کام[kɑːm]'work'
Hungarianakkor[ɒkkor]'then'
Italian[9]casa[ˈkäːzä]'house'
Japanese[10]鞄 / kaban[kabaɴ]'handbag'
Kagayanen[11]kalag[kað̞aɡ]'spirit'
Khmerកម្ពុជា / kâmpŭchéa[kampuciːə]'Cambodia'
Korean감자 / kamja[kamdʑa]'potato'
Lakotakimímela[kɪˈmɪmela]'butterfly'
Luxembourgish[12]geess[ˈkeːs]'goat'
Macedonianкој[kɔj]'who'
Marathiकवच[kəʋət͡s]'armour'
Malaykaki[käki]'leg'
Nepali केरा[keɾä]'banana'
Norwegiankake[kɑːkɛ]'cake'
Odiaକାମ/kāma[kämɔ]'work'
Pashtoكال/kal[kɑl]'year'
Persianکارد/kārd[kɑrd]'knife'
Polish[13]buk [ˈbuk] (help·info)'beech tree'
Portuguese[14]corpo[ˈkoɾpu]'body'
Punjabiਕਰ/کر/kar[kəɾ]'do'
Romanian[15]când[ˈkɨnd]'when'
Russian[16]короткий/korotkiy [kɐˈrotkʲɪj] (help·info)'short'
Serbo-Croatian[17]кост / kost[kȏːs̪t̪]'bone'
Slovakkosť[kɔ̝stɕ]'bone'
Spanish[18]casa[ˈkäsä]'house'
Swedishko[ˈkʰuː]'cow'
Sylhetiꠇꠤꠔꠣ/kita[kɪt̪à]'what'
Tamilகை/kai[kəɪ̯]'hand'
Teluguకాకి/kāki[kāki]'crow'
Thaiไก่/kị̀[kaj˨˩]'chicken'
Turkishkulak[kʰuɫäk]'ear'
Ubykhкауар/kawar[kawar]'slat'
Ukrainian[19]колесо/koleso[ˈkɔɫɛsɔ]'wheel'
Vietnamese[20]cam[kam]'orange'
Welshcalon[kalɔn]'heart'
West Frisiankeal[kɪəl]'calf'
Yiꇰ / ge[kɤ˧]'foolish'
ZapotecTilquiapan[21]canza[kanza]'walking'

Notes

References

  • Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-203-97876-5
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223, S2CID 249414876
  • Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L. (1993), "French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
  • Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
  • Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
  • Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), "The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296, S2CID 38504322{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505, S2CID 13470826
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266, S2CID 243640727
  • Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarića, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
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