Koaⁿ-gâm

Koaⁿ-gâm (肝癌) sī hoat-seng tī koaⁿ-chōng ia̍h-sī ùi koaⁿ-chōng khai-sí ê ok-sèng chéng-liû.

Liver cancer
Other names	Hepatic cancer, primary hepatic malignancy, primary liver cancer
CT scan of a liver with cholangiocarcinoma
Specialty	Gastroenterology Hepatology Oncology
Symptoms	Lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss, weakness[1]
Usual onset	55 to 65 years old[2]
Causes	hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholism, aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver flukes[3][4]
Diagnostic method	Blood tests, medical imaging, tissue biopsy[1]
Prevention	Immunization against hepatitis B, treating those infected with hepatitis B or C,[3] decreasing exposure to aflatoxin, decreasing high levels of alcohol consumption
Treatment	Surgery, targeted therapy, radiation therapy[1]
Prognosis	Five-year survival rates ~18% (US);[2] 40% (Japan)[5]
Frequency	618,700 (point in time in 2015)[6]
Deaths	782,000 (2018)[7]