ستيفن هوكينج

Stephen Hawking
Stephen Hawking
	Hawking at NASA's StarChild Learning Center, 1980s
Born	Stephen William Hawking; 8 يناير 1942; Oxford, England
Died	14 مارس 2018 (العمر خطأ لوا في وحدة:Age على السطر 669: attempt to call local 'Date' (a nil value).); Cambridge, England
Alma mater	University of Oxford (BA); University of Cambridge (MA, PhD);
Known for	Hawking radiation; Penrose–Hawking theorems; Bekenstein–Hawking formula; Hawking energy; Gibbons–Hawking ansatz; Gibbons–Hawking effect; Gibbons–Hawking space; Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term; Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet;
Awards	Adams Prize (1966); Eddington Medal (1975); Maxwell Medal and Prize (1976); Heineman Prize (1976); Hughes Medal (1976); Albert Einstein Award (1978); RAS Gold Medal (1985); Dirac Medal (1987); Wolf Prize (1988); Prince of Asturias Award (1989); Andrew Gemant Award (1998); Naylor Prize and Lectureship (1999); Lilienfeld Prize (1999); Albert Medal (1999); Copley Medal (2006); Presidential Medal of Freedom (2009); Fundamental Physics Prize (2012); BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2015);
	Scientific career
Fields	General relativity; Quantum gravity;
Institutions	Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge; California Institute of Technology; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics;
Doctoral advisor	Dennis Sciama
Other academic advisors	Robert Berman
Doctoral students	Bruce Allen; Raphael Bousso; Bernard Carr; Fay Dowker; Christophe Galfard; Gary Gibbons; Thomas Hertog; Raymond Laflamme; Don Page; Malcolm Perry; Wu Zhongchao; 29 others;
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ستيفن هوكينج، ولد سنة 1942, ومات سنة 2018,

حياته

ستيفن ويليام هوكينج (بالانجليزية: Stephen Hawking) ولد فى أكسفورد، انجلترا (8 يناير 1942 - 14 مارس 2018)[32][33]، هو من أبرز علما الفيزياء النظرية وعلم الكون على مستوى العالم،[34] درس فى جامعة أكسفورد وحصل منها على درجة الشرف الأولى فى الفيزياء، أكمل دراسته فى جامعة كامبريدج للحصول على الدكتوراه فى علم الكون، له أبحاث نظرية فى علم الكون و أبحاث فى العلاقة بين الثقوب السوداء والديناميكا الحرارية، كما له أبحاث ودراسات فى التسلسل الزمني.

مصادر

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Stephen Hawking
Hawking at NASA's StarChild Learning Center, 1980s
Born	Stephen William Hawking (1942-01-08)8 يناير 1942 Oxford, England
Died	14 مارس 2018(2018-03-14) (العمر خطأ لوا في وحدة:Age على السطر 669: attempt to call local 'Date' (a nil value).) Cambridge, England
Alma mater	University of Oxford (BA) University of Cambridge (MA, PhD)
Known for	Hawking radiation Penrose–Hawking theorems Bekenstein–Hawking formula Hawking energy Gibbons–Hawking ansatz Gibbons–Hawking effect Gibbons–Hawking space Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet
Awards	Adams Prize (1966) Eddington Medal (1975) Maxwell Medal and Prize (1976) Heineman Prize (1976) Hughes Medal (1976) Albert Einstein Award (1978) RAS Gold Medal (1985) Dirac Medal (1987) Wolf Prize (1988) Prince of Asturias Award (1989) Andrew Gemant Award (1998) Naylor Prize and Lectureship (1999) Lilienfeld Prize (1999) Albert Medal (1999) Copley Medal (2006) Presidential Medal of Freedom (2009) Fundamental Physics Prize (2012) BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2015)
Scientific career
Fields	General relativity Quantum gravity
Institutions	Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge California Institute of Technology Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Doctoral advisor	Dennis Sciama^[1]
Other academic advisors	Robert Berman^[2]
Doctoral students	Bruce Allen^[1]^[3] Raphael Bousso^[1]^[4] Bernard Carr^[1]^[5] Fay Dowker^[1]^[6] Christophe Galfard^[7] Gary Gibbons^[1]^[8] Thomas Hertog^[1]^[9] Raymond Laflamme^[1]^[10] Don Page^[1]^[11] Malcolm Perry^[1]^[12] Wu Zhongchao^[1]^[13] 29 others^[1]

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