Cardinal electors in the 2013 papal conclave

The papal conclave of 2013 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Benedict XVI following his resignation on 28 February 2013. In accordance with the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, which governed the vacancy of the Holy See, only cardinals who had not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See became vacant (in this case, those who were born on or after 28 February 1933) were eligible to participate in the conclave.[1] Although not a formal requirement, the cardinal electors invariably elect the pope from among their number. The election was carried out by secret ballot (Latin: per scrutinium).[1]

Photograph of Pope Francis
Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected Pope Francis by the conclave on 13 March 2013.

Of the 207 members of the College of Cardinals at the time of Benedict XVI's resignation, there were 117 cardinal electors who were eligible to participate in the subsequent conclave.[a][3] Two cardinal electors did not participate, decreasing the number in attendance to 115.[4][5] The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority was 77.[1][6]

Of the 115 attending cardinal electors, 4 were cardinal bishops, 81 were cardinal priests, and 30 were cardinal deacons; 48 had been created cardinals by Pope John Paul II and 67 by Pope Benedict XVI; 29 worked in the service of the Holy See (such as in the Roman Curia), 61 were in pastoral ministry outside Rome, and 25 had retired. The oldest cardinal elector in the conclave was Walter Kasper, at the age of 79,[b][7] and the youngest was Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal, at the age of 53.[8] Another 90 cardinals were ineligible to participate in the conclave, for reasons of age.[3]

The cardinal electors entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the conclave on 12 March 2013.[9][10] On 13 March, after five ballots over two days, they elected Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, who took the papal name Francis.[11][12]

Cardinal electors

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders: cardinal bishops (CB), cardinal priests (CP) and cardinal deacons (CD), with precedence in that sequence. This is the order in which the cardinal electors process into the conclave, take the oath and cast their ballots.[1] For cardinal bishops, except the Eastern Catholic patriarchs, the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then by the rest in order of appointment as cardinal bishops. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.[5]

Four of the cardinal electors were from the Eastern Catholic Churches: Antonios Naguib (Coptic), Béchara Boutros Raï (Maronite), George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar) and Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal (Syro-Malankara). Raï and Thottunkal were the first cardinals from their respective churches to participate in a conclave.[13][14] The senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon, who were assigned specific roles in the conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon),[1] were, respectively, Giovanni Battista Re, Godfried Danneels, Jean-Louis Tauran and James Michael Harvey.[5] The camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, who was in charge of administering the Holy See during its vacancy, was Tarcisio Bertone.[1][15]

The data below are as of 28 February 2013, the date on which the Holy See became vacant. All cardinals are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters.

* Elected pope
RankNameCountryBornOrderConsistoryOfficeRef.
1Giovanni Battista ReItaly30 January 1934
(age 79)
CB21 February 2001
John Paul II
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops[16]
2Tarcisio Bertone SDBItaly2 December 1934
(age 78)
CB21 October 2003
John Paul II
Secretary of State and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church[15]
3Antonios NaguibEgypt18 March 1935
(age 77)
CB20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Patriarch emeritus of Alexandria
(Coptic Church)
[17]
4Béchara Boutros Raï OMMLebanon25 February 1940
(age 73)
CB24 November 2012
Benedict XVI
Patriarch of Antioch
(Maronite Church)
[18]
5Godfried DanneelsBelgium4 June 1933
(age 79)
CP2 February 1983
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels[19]
6Joachim MeisnerGermany25 December 1933
(age 79)
CP2 February 1983
John Paul II
Archbishop of Cologne[20]
7Nicolás de Jesús López RodríguezDominican Republic31 October 1936
(age 76)
CP28 June 1991
John Paul II
Archbishop of Santo Domingo[21]
8Roger Michael MahonyUnited States27 February 1936
(age 77)
CP28 June 1991
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles[22]
9Jaime Lucas Ortega y AlaminoCuba18 October 1936
(age 76)
CP26 November 1994
John Paul II
Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana[23]
10Jean-Claude TurcotteCanada26 June 1936
(age 76)
CP26 November 1994
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Montreal[24]
11Vinko PuljićBosnia and Herzegovina8 September 1945
(age 67)
CP26 November 1994
John Paul II
Archbishop of Vrhbosna[25]
12Juan Sandoval ÍñiguezMexico28 March 1933
(age 79)
CP26 November 1994
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara[26]
13Antonio María Rouco VarelaSpain20 August 1936
(age 76)
CP21 February 1998
John Paul II
Archbishop of Madrid[27]
14Dionigi TettamanziItaly14 March 1934
(age 78)
CP21 February 1998
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Milan[28]
15Polycarp PengoTanzania5 August 1944
(age 68)
CP21 February 1998
John Paul II
Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam[29]
16Christoph Schönborn OPAustria22 January 1945
(age 68)
CP21 February 1998
John Paul II
Archbishop of Vienna[30]
17Norberto Rivera CarreraMexico6 June 1942
(age 70)
CP21 February 1998
John Paul II
Archbishop of Mexico[31]
18Francis Eugene George OMIUnited States16 January 1937
(age 76)
CP21 February 1998
John Paul II
Archbishop of Chicago[32]
19Zenon GrocholewskiPoland11 October 1939
(age 73)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education[33]
20Crescenzio SepeItaly2 June 1943
(age 69)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Naples[34]
21Walter Kasper[b]Germany5 March 1933
(age 79)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity[7]
22Ivan DiasIndia14 April 1936
(age 76)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples[35]
23Geraldo Majella AgneloBrazil19 October 1933
(age 79)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of São Salvador da Bahia[36]
24Audrys Juozas BačkisLithuania1 February 1937
(age 76)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Vilnius[37]
25Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISchChile5 September 1933
(age 79)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile[38]
26Julio Terrazas Sandoval CSsRBolivia7 March 1936
(age 76)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra[39]
27Wilfrid Fox Napier OFMSouth Africa8 March 1941
(age 71)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Durban[40]
28Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga SDBHonduras29 December 1942
(age 70)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Tegucigalpa[41]
29Juan Luis Cipriani ThornePeru28 December 1943
(age 69)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Lima[42]
30Cláudio Hummes OFMBrazil8 August 1934
(age 78)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy[43]
31Jorge Mario Bergoglio SJ*Argentina17 December 1936
(age 76)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Buenos Aires[44]
32José da Cruz PolicarpoPortugal26 February 1936
(age 77)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Patriarch of Lisbon[45]
33Severino PolettoItaly18 March 1933
(age 79)
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Turin[46]
34Karl LehmannGermany16 May 1936
(age 76)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Bishop of Mainz[47]
35Angelo ScolaItaly7 November 1941
(age 71)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Milan[48]
36Anthony Olubunmi OkogieNigeria16 June 1936
(age 76)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Lagos[49]
37Gabriel Zubeir WakoSudan27 February 1941
(age 72)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Khartoum[50]
38Carlos Amigo Vallejo OFMSpain23 August 1934
(age 78)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Seville[51]
39Justin Francis RigaliUnited States19 April 1935
(age 77)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia[52]
40Ennio AntonelliItaly18 November 1936
(age 76)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family[53]
41Peter Kodwo Appiah TurksonGhana11 October 1948
(age 64)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace[54]
42Telesphore Placidus ToppoIndia15 October 1939
(age 73)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Ranchi[55]
43George PellAustralia8 June 1941
(age 71)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Sydney[56]
44Josip BozanićCroatia20 March 1949
(age 63)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Zagreb[57]
45Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh MẫnVietnam5 March 1934
(age 78)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City[58]
46Philippe BarbarinFrance17 October 1950
(age 62)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Lyon[59]
47Péter ErdőHungary25 June 1952
(age 60)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest[60]
48Marc Ouellet PSSCanada8 June 1944
(age 68)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops[61]
49Agostino ValliniItaly17 April 1940
(age 72)
CP24 March 2006
Benedict XVI
Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran[62]
50Jorge Liberato Urosa SavinoVenezuela28 August 1942
(age 70)
CP24 March 2006
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Caracas[63]
51Jean-Pierre RicardFrance25 September 1944
(age 68)
CP24 March 2006
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Bordeaux[64]
52Antonio Cañizares LloveraSpain15 October 1945
(age 67)
CP24 March 2006
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments[65]
53Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCapUnited States29 June 1944
(age 68)
CP24 March 2006
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Boston[66]
54Stanisław DziwiszPoland27 April 1939
(age 73)
CP24 March 2006
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Kraków[67]
55Carlo CaffarraItaly1 June 1938
(age 74)
CP24 March 2006
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Bologna[68]
56Seán Baptist BradyIreland16 August 1939
(age 73)
CP24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Armagh[69]
57Lluís Martínez SistachSpain29 April 1937
(age 75)
CP24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Barcelona[70]
58André Vingt-TroisFrance7 November 1942
(age 70)
CP24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Paris[71]
59Angelo BagnascoItaly14 January 1943
(age 70)
CP24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Genoa[72]
60Théodore-Adrien SarrSenegal28 November 1936
(age 76)
CP24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Dakar[73]
61Oswald GraciasIndia24 December 1944
(age 68)
CP24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Bombay[74]
62Francisco Robles OrtegaMexico2 March 1949
(age 63)
CP24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Guadalajara[75]
63Daniel Nicholas DiNardoUnited States23 May 1949
(age 63)
CP24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Galveston–Houston[76]
64Odilo Pedro SchererBrazil21 September 1949
(age 63)
CP24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of São Paulo[77]
65John NjueKenya1944
(age 68–69)
CP24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Nairobi[78]
66Raúl Eduardo Vela ChiribogaEcuador1 January 1934
(age 79)
CP20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop emeritus of Quito[79]
67Laurent Monsengwo PasinyaDemocratic Republic of the Congo7 October 1939
(age 73)
CP20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Kinshasa[80]
68Paolo RomeoItaly20 February 1938
(age 75)
CP20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Palermo[81]
69Donald William WuerlUnited States12 November 1940
(age 72)
CP20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Washington[82]
70Raymundo Damasceno AssisBrazil15 February 1937
(age 76)
CP20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Aparecida[83]
71Kazimierz NyczPoland1 February 1950
(age 63)
CP20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Warsaw[84]
72Albert Malcolm Ranjith Patabendige DonSri Lanka15 November 1947
(age 65)
CP20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Colombo[85]
73Reinhard MarxGermany21 September 1953
(age 59)
CP20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Munich and Freising[86]
74George AlencherryIndia19 April 1945
(age 67)
CP18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly
(Syro-Malabar Church)
[87]
75Thomas Christopher CollinsCanada16 January 1947
(age 66)
CP18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Toronto[88]
76Dominik Duka OPCzech Republic26 April 1943
(age 69)
CP18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Prague[89]
77Willem Jacobus EijkNetherlands22 June 1953
(age 59)
CP18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Utrecht[90]
78Giuseppe BetoriItaly25 February 1947
(age 66)
CP18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Florence[91]
79Timothy Michael DolanUnited States6 February 1950
(age 63)
CP18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of New York[92]
80Rainer Maria WoelkiGermany18 August 1956
(age 56)
CP18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Berlin[93]
81John Tong HonChina
(Hong Kong)[c]
31 July 1939
(age 73)
CP18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Bishop of Hong Kong[94]
82Baselios Cleemis ThottunkalIndia15 June 1959
(age 53)
CP24 November 2012
Benedict XVI
Major Archbishop of Trivandrum
(Syro-Malankara Church)
[8]
83John Olorunfemi OnaiyekanNigeria29 January 1944
(age 69)
CP24 November 2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Abuja[95]
84Rubén Salazar GómezColombia22 September 1942
(age 70)
CP24 November 2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Bogotá[96]
85Luis Antonio Gokim TaglePhilippines21 June 1957
(age 55)
CP24 November 2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Manila[97]
86Jean-Louis TauranFrance5 April 1943
(age 69)
CD21 October 2003
John Paul II
President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (Protodeacon)[98]
87Attilio NicoraItaly16 March 1937
(age 75)
CD21 October 2003
John Paul II
Pontifical Legate for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi and President of the Financial Information Authority[99]
88William Joseph LevadaUnited States15 June 1936
(age 76)
CD24 March 2006
Benedict XVI
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith[100]
89Franc Rodé CMSlovenia23 September 1934
(age 78)
CD24 March 2006
Benedict XVI
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life[101]
90Leonardo SandriArgentina18 November 1943
(age 69)
CD24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches[102]
91Giovanni LajoloItaly3 January 1935
(age 78)
CD24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State[103]
92Paul Josef CordesGermany5 September 1934
(age 78)
CD24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum[104]
93Angelo ComastriItaly17 September 1943
(age 69)
CD24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter[105]
94Stanisław RyłkoPoland4 July 1945
(age 67)
CD24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity[106]
95Raffaele Farina SDBItaly24 September 1933
(age 79)
CD24 November 2007
Benedict XVI
Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church[107]
96Angelo Amato SDBItaly8 June 1938
(age 74)
CD20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints[108]
97Robert SarahGuinea15 June 1945
(age 67)
CD20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum[109]
98Francesco MonterisiItaly28 May 1934
(age 78)
CD20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls[110]
99Raymond Leo BurkeUnited States30 June 1948
(age 64)
CD20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura[111]
100Kurt KochSwitzerland15 March 1950
(age 62)
CD20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity[112]
101Paolo SardiItaly1 September 1934
(age 78)
CD20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta[113]
102Mauro PiacenzaItaly15 September 1944
(age 68)
CD20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy[114]
103Velasio De Paolis CSItaly19 September 1935
(age 77)
CD20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
President emeritus of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See[115]
104Gianfranco RavasiItaly18 October 1942
(age 70)
CD20 November 2010
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council for Culture[116]
105Fernando FiloniItaly15 April 1946
(age 66)
CD18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples[117]
106Manuel Monteiro de CastroPortugal29 March 1938
(age 74)
CD18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Major Penitentiary[118]
107Santos Abril y CastellóSpain21 September 1935
(age 77)
CD18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major[119]
108Antonio Maria VegliòItaly3 February 1938
(age 75)
CD18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People[120]
109Giuseppe BertelloItaly1 October 1942
(age 70)
CD18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State[121]
110Francesco CoccopalmerioItaly6 March 1938
(age 74)
CD18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts[122]
111João Braz de AvizBrazil24 April 1947
(age 65)
CD18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life[123]
112Edwin Frederick O'BrienUnited States8 April 1939
(age 73)
CD18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre[124]
113Domenico CalcagnoItaly3 February 1943
(age 70)
CD18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See[125]
114Giuseppe VersaldiItaly30 July 1943
(age 69)
CD18 February 2012
Benedict XVI
President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See[126]
115James Michael HarveyUnited States20 October 1949
(age 63)
CD24 November 2012
Benedict XVI
Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls[127]

Not in attendance

RankNameCountryBornOrderConsistoryOfficeReason for absenceRefs.
1Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja SJIndonesia20 December 1934
(age 78)
CP26 November 1994
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of JakartaHealth (deteriorating eyesight)[128][129]
2Keith Michael Patrick O'BrienUnited Kingdom17 March 1938
(age 74)
CP21 October 2003
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Saint Andrews and EdinburghPersonal (following allegations of sexual misconduct)[130][131]

Cardinal electors by continent and by country

The 115 attending cardinal electors were from 48 countries on all six inhabited continents.[d] The countries with the greatest number of cardinal electors were Italy (twenty-eight), the United States (eleven) and Germany (six).

Choropleth map indicating the number of cardinal electors in attendance from each country (unnumbered countries denote one cardinal elector)
* Continent/country of elected pope
Cardinal electors by continent
ContinentNumberPercentage
Africa119.6%
North America2017.4%
South America*1311.3%
Asia108.7%
Europe6052.2%
Oceania10.9%
Total115100.0%
Cardinal electors by country
CountryContinentNumber
Argentina*South America2
AustraliaOceania1
AustriaEurope1
BelgiumEurope1
BoliviaSouth America1
Bosnia and HerzegovinaEurope1
BrazilSouth America5
CanadaNorth America3
ChileSouth America1
China (Hong Kong)[c]Asia1
ColombiaSouth America1
Democratic Republic of the CongoAfrica1
CroatiaEurope1
CubaNorth America1
Czech RepublicEurope1
Dominican RepublicNorth America1
EcuadorSouth America1
EgyptAfrica1
FranceEurope4
GermanyEurope6
GhanaAfrica1
GuineaAfrica1
HondurasNorth America1
HungaryEurope1
IndiaAsia5
IrelandEurope1
ItalyEurope28
KenyaAfrica1
LebanonAsia1
LithuaniaEurope1
MexicoNorth America3
NetherlandsEurope1
NigeriaAfrica2
PeruSouth America1
PhilippinesAsia1
PolandEurope4
PortugalEurope2
SenegalAfrica1
SloveniaEurope1
South AfricaAfrica1
SpainEurope5
Sri LankaAsia1
SudanAfrica1
SwitzerlandEurope1
TanzaniaAfrica1
United StatesNorth America11
VenezuelaSouth America1
VietnamAsia1
Total115

See also

Notes

References