The International Phonetic Alphabet charts for English dialects show the most common applications of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent English language pronunciations.
These charts give a partial system of diaphonemes for English. The symbols for the diaphonemes are given in bold, followed by their most common phonetic values.
Consonants
Diaphoneme[1] | Phones | Examples |
---|---|---|
p | pʰ | pen |
p | spin, tip | |
b | b | but |
b̥ | web | |
t | t | sting, bet |
tʰ, ɾ, ʔ[2] | two | |
d | d | do |
d̥, ɾ[3] | odd, daddy | |
tʃ | tʃʰ | chair |
tʃ | teach, nature | |
dʒ | dʒ | gin, joy |
d̥ʒ̊ | edge | |
k | k | skin, unique, thick |
kʰ | cat, kill, queen | |
ɡ | ɡ | go, get |
ɡ̊ | beg | |
f | f, ɸ[4] | fool, enough, leaf, off, photo |
v | v, β[5] | voice, verve |
v̥ | have, of, verve | |
θ | θ, t̪, f[6] | thing, teeth |
ð | ð, ð̥, d̪, v[7] | this, breathe, father |
s | s | see, city, pass |
z | z | zoo |
z̥ | rose | |
ʃ | ʃ | she, sure, session, emotion, leash |
ʒ | ʒ | genre, pleasure, equation, seizure |
ʒ̊ | beige | |
h | h, ɦ,[8] ç[9] | ham, hue |
m | m, ɱ[10] | man, ham |
n | n | no, tin |
ŋ | ŋ | ringer, sing,[11] finger, drink |
l | l, ɫ,[12] l̥, ɫ̥,[13] ɤ, o,[14] | left, bell, sable, please |
r | ɹʷ, ɹ, ɾ,[15] r,[16] ɻ, ɹ̥ʷ, ɹ̥, ɾ̥, ɻ̊,[13] ʋ[17] | run, very, probably |
w | w, ʍ[13] | we, queen |
j | j | yes, nyala |
hw | ʍ, w[18] | what |
Marginal consonants | ||
x | x, χ, k, kʰ, h, ɦ, ç | loch (Scottish),[19] ugh[20] |
ʔ | ʔ | uh-oh |
ɬ | ɬ, l | Llangefni,[21] hlala gahle[22][23] |
ɮ | ɮ | ibandla[24][25] |
Vowels
In the vowels chart, a separate phonetic value is given for each major dialect, alongside the words used to name their corresponding lexical sets. The diaphonemes for the lexical sets given here are based on RP and General American; they are not sufficient to express all of the distinctions found in other dialects, such as Australian English.
Dia- phoneme[1] | AmE | AuE[26][27] | BahE | BarE | CaE[28] | Cameroonian English[29] | CIE | EnE | FiE | InE[30] | IrE[31] | NZE[32][33] | PaE | ScE[34] | SIE | SAE[35][36] | SSE | WaE[37] | Keyword | Examples | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AAVE | Boston accent | Cajun English | California English | Chicano English | General American[38][39][32] | Inland Northern American English | Miami accent | Mid-Atlantic English | New York accent | Philadelphia accent | Southern American English | Brummie[40] | Southern England English | Northern England English | RP[41][42][43] | Ulster English | West & South-West Irish English | Dublin English | Supraregional southern Irish English | Abercraf English | Port Talbot English | Cardiff English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Rhotic | Rhotic | Older | Younger | Northern | Southern | Non-Rhotic | Older | Rhotic | Older | Non-Rhotic | Rhotic | Cultivated | General | Broad | Cockney | Estuary English (EE) | MLE[44] | West Country | Cumbrian | Geordie | Lancashire | Manchester | Pitmatic | Scouse | Yorkshire | Conservative | Contemporary | Belfast | Mid-Ulster | traditional | Ulster Scots | Local Dublin English | New Dublin English | Cultivated | General | Broad | Cultivated | General | Broad | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
æ | ɛː~ɛə̯~eə̯ | ɪə̯~eə̯~ɛɐ̯[45] | æ | eə~ɛə | æ~ɛə̯~eə̯ | eə̯~ɛə̯~æ[45] | eə̯~ɪə̯ | æ | ɛə̯~eə̯~ɪə̯[45] | æə̯~ɛə̯~eə̯[45] | æɛæ~eə | eə̯~æjə[45] | æː[46] | æː~ɛː[46] | æ̝ː~ɛː~e̞ː[46] | æ~a | a | æ~ɛə̯[45] | a̽ | æ | a | æ~ɛ~ɛɪ | æ~a~ɛ̞ | ɐ̞ | æː~aː | a~ä | a | a~ä | a | a~ä | æ | a | æ | æ~ɛ | äː~a | æ | a | æ~a | æ | ɛ | ɛ̝ | æ | ä | ɑ~æ | æ | a~æ | æ~ɛ~e̞ | ɛ[47] | a | aː[46] | aː~æː[46] | TRAP | ham | |||||||||||||
æ~ɛː~ɛə̯ | æ~ɛə̯ | æ~ɛə̯ | æ | æ~æɛæ~ɐɛɐ | æ~æjə~æ̠ɛæ̠ | æ~a̝ | bad | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɛ~æ~a~ä | æ~æ̞ | æ, ɛə̯~eə̯~ɪə̯[45] | æ | æ | a̝~æ | æ~ɛ | æ~ɛ | a | a~æ | lad | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɑː / æ | ä~a | ɛə̯~eə̯~ɪə̯[45] | æə̯~ɛə̯~eə̯[45] | æɛ~æe | äː | äː~ɐː | aː | ɑː | ɑː | ɑː~ɑ̟ː~ɑ̹ː | ɑː | ɑ̟ː | ɑ̈ː~ʌ̞ː | a~ɑ | äː | æː~aː | aː | ɐː~äː | ɑ | ɑ̟ː | ɑː | ɒː~ɔː | ä[48] | BATH | pass | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɑː | a~ä~ɑ | a~ä | ɑ | ä~ɑ~ɒ | ä~a | ɑ~ä | a~ä | ɑ | ɑ̟ː | ɑ~ä | ɑ | ɑ | ɒ~ɑ | ɑː | ɒ~ɑ | äː | ɒː~ɑː | äː | aː~ɑː | äː | aː | äː~ɑː | ɑː | ɑː | aː | aː~æː | PALM | father | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɒ | ɒ~ɑ | ɒ | ɒ | ɒ~ɔ | ɒ~ɑ | ɔ | ɒ | ä~ɒ~ɔ̈~ɔ | ɒ~ɔ | ɒ~ɒ̈ | ɒ~ɔ | ɒ~ɑ̠ | ɒ~ɔ | ɒ | ɒ~ɔ | ɒ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ~ɒ~ä | ɒ~ɑ~ä | äː | ɔː | ä | ɑ~ɒ~ɔ | ɑ | ɒ~ɔ | ɑ | ɔ | ɒ̈ | ɒ̈~ʌ̈ | ɒ̈ | ɔ | ɒ | ɑ̟ | LOT | not | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɒ / ɔː | ɒ(ɔ̯)~ɔ(ʊ̯)~ɔə̯ | a | ɒ~ɔ~ɑ[49] | ɒ~ɑ | ɑ~ɔ | ɔə̯~oə̯~ʊə̯ | ɔə̯~ɒ̝ə̯ | ɔo̯~ɑɒ̯ | ɑɒ̯~ɑ | ɔ | ɒː | ɒː | o̞ː | ɒː | aː~ä | ɔː | ɒ | ɒ̈, o̞ː | ɒ̈~ʌ̈, oː | ɒ̈, oː | CLOTH | off[50] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɔː | ɔː | o̞ː | oː | ɒː~ɑː | oː~ɔː | o̞ː~ɔː | ɔː~ɔ̝ə̯~ɔuə̯ | ɔə̯~ɔː~ɔ̝ː | oː | ɒː~ɔː | ɔː | ɒː~ɔː | o̞ː | ɒː~ɔː | o̞ː | ɔː~ɒː | ɒː~ɔː~oː | ɒː | oː | o̞ː | oː | ɒː | ʌ̈ː | THOUGHT | law | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
oː~oʊ~ɔo | o̟ː~o̞ː | pause | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ə | ə | ə~a̽~ɔ~ɪ~ɛ | ə | ə~ɐ | ə~ə̝ | ə~ɐ | ə~ɔː | ə | ə~ɐ | ə | ɐ~a | ə | ə | ə | ə~ɐ | ə | ə[51] | ə | COMMA | about | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɪ | ɪ~iə̯ | ɪ~ɪ̞~ɪ̈ | ɪ | ɪ̞ | ɪ | ɪ~ɪ̞~ɪ̈ | ɪ~ɪ̈ | ɪ | ɪ~ɪjə~iə̯ | ɪ | ɪ~i | i | ɪ | ɪ | ɪ~i | ɪ | ɪ~i | ɪ | ɪ~ɪ̈ | ɪ | ɪ | ɪ̞ | ɪ | ɪ̈~ë | ə~ɘ | ɛ | ɪ | ɪ̈ | ɪ | ɪ~ë̞~ə~ʌ | ɪ | ɪ | ɪ̈ [51] | ɪ~i | ɪ | ɪ̞ | KIT | bit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɪ[51] | i[51] | kit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
i | ɪ~i | i | ɪ~i | ɪi̯~i | i | ɪi̯~i | ɪ~ɪ̈ | ɪi̯~i | i | ɪ | ɪi̯~iː | ɪi̯~əi̯ | iː | i | i | iː~i | əi̯~i | i | ɪi̯~iː | iː | ei~ɪi | i | ɪ~e | i | ɪ~e | ɪi̯~iː | i | iː | e | iː | ɪi̯ | ɪi̯~əi̯ | i | e~ɪ~i | i | iː | i | iː | HAPPY | city | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
iː | i | i | iː | ɪi̯~i | ɪi̯~i | ɪi̯ | ɪi̯~iː | i | əi̯~ɨi̯ | əi~ɐi | ɪi | iː, ei̯ | ɪi | iː | ɪi~iː | iː, ɪ̈i̯ ~ ɪ̈ɪ̯ | ɪi~iː | ɪi̯ | iː | ɪi̯ | iː | i | iː | FLEECE | see | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
eɪ | eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯ | eɪ̯ | eː | eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯ | eː | eɪ̯~e | eɪ̯ | eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯ | eɪ̯ | ɛɪ~ei | ɛi̯~æ̠i̯ | ɛɪ̯ | æɪ̯~ɐɪ̯ | ɐɪ̯~äɪ̯ | eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯ | eɪ̯~eː~ɛ | eɪ̯ | eː~ɛː | eɪ̯ | ɛi̯~aɪ̯~ɐɪ̯~ʌɪ̯ | æɪ~aɪ | ɛɪ̯~eɪ̯~ë̞ɪ̯ | eɪ̯ | eː~eɪ̯ | ɛː~e̞ː | eː~eɪ̯~ɪə̯ | ɛː~e̞ː | ɛɪ~e̞ɪ | ɛː~e̞ː | ɛɪ~e̞ɪ | ɛː~e̞ː | e̞ɪ̯ | eː | eː~ɪː, eə̯~ɪə̯ | eː | eː~eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯ | ɛɪ̯ | æe̯~ɐe̯ | ɐe̯ | eɪ̯~eː | e | eɪ̯~eː | eɪ̯ | eɪ̯~ɛɪ̯~æɪ̯ | æɪ̯~äɪ̯~ʌɪ̯ | e[52] | eː | ei̯ | FACE | date | ||||||||||||||||
e̞ɪ | e̞ɪ | e̞ɪ | e̞ɪ | eɪ̯ | day | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɛ | ɛ~eə̯ | ɛ | ɛ~æ | ɛ~æ̝ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ~ɜ | ɛ | ɛ~e | ɛ | ɛ~eiə | ɛ~ɛjə | e̞ | e̞~e | e~e̝ | ɛ | ɛ~e | e, eɪ~eə~ɛɪ | ɛ~ɛ̞ | ɛ | e̞ | ɛ̝ | ɛ | ɛ̝ə̯ | ɛ | e̞ | e~e̝ | e̝ | ɛ | e̞ | e~e̝ | ɛ, e[53] | ɛ | DRESS | bed[54] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɪ~iə̯, ɛ~eə̯ | ɪ | ɛ~ɪ | ɪ~ɪjə~iə̯ | ɛ | pen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
i | length | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ʌ | ʌ~ɜ | ʌ~ɐ | ʌ | ʌ~ɜ~ɛ̠ | ɐ | ʌ~ɜ~ɑ̈ | ʌ~ɜ~ɐ | ʌ~ɔ | ʌ | ɐ | ʌ̈ | ʌ | ɜ | ä~ɐ | ʌ | ʌ~ɜ~ɐ | ɔ | ʌ~ɔ | ɒ~ʌ~ə~ɤ~ʊ | ɐ̟~a | ɐ~ʌ̟~ɐ̟ | ʌ~ʌ̝ | ʌ~ʊ | ʊ | ʊ̞~ɤ | ʊ | ʊ, ʌ̈ | ʊ | ɐ | ɐ~ʌ̈~ɑ̈[55] | ʌ~ɐ | ə~ɜ~ɐ | ɞ~ʌ̈ | ʌ̈~ʊ | ʊ | ɤ~ʊ | ʌ̈~ʊ | ɐ~ä | ʌ | ʌ~ɐ | ɐ~ä | ä | ə~ɜ | STRUT | run | |||||||||||||||||||||
ʊ | ʊ~ʊ̜̈~ɵ~ø̞ | ʊ | ʊ~ɜ̠ | ʊ~ʊ̞ | ʊ | ə~ɔ̝ | ʊ | ʊ̈~ʏ | ʊ | ʊ~u | u | ʊ | ʊ~u | ʊ | ɤ~ʊ~ʊ̝ | ʊ~ʊ̈ | ʊ~ʊ̜̈ | ʊ~ʊ̈ | ʊ | ʊ | ɵ~ɤ̈ | ʊ | ʉ | ʊ̈ | ʊ | ʊ | ʊ~ʊ̈ | ʊ | ʉ | ʊ | ʊ~ɵ | ʊ~u | ʊ | ɘ | FOOT | put | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ʉː~ʊ | ʊ | uː~ʊ | hood | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
uː | ʊu̯~u | u~ʊu̯~ɵu̯ | u | uː~ʉː~yː | ʉ̠ː | ʊ~uː | u̟~ʊu̯~ʉu̯~ɵu̯ | u~ɵu̯ | ʊu̯~ɵu̯~yː | u̟ː | u~ʊu̯~ɤʊ̯~ɤu̯ | ʉu̯ | ʊu~ɵu~ʊ̈y~ʏy~ʉ̞u̟ | ʊu̯ | ʊ̈ʉ̯ | ʊ̈ʉ̯~əʉ̯ | ʉː | uː | ʉu̯ | uː | uː~ʉ | əʉ̯~əu̯ | əʉ~ʉː~ɨː~ʊː | ʉː~ʉ̟ː~ʏː | ʏ̝ː~ʉː | uː~ʏː | ʉː | u̟ː~ʉː,ɵʊ̯ | ʊu~uː | ʏː | ʉː | ʉː, ɪ̈u̯~ɪ̈ʊ̯ | ʊu~uː | ʊu̯ | ʊ̈ʉ̯~ʉː~ɨ̞ɯ̯̈ | u | uː | uː | ʊ̈ʉ̯ | u | u | u̟ː | ʉː~yː | ʉː | u | uː | GOOSE | through | ||||||||||||||||||
ɪu̯[56] | threw | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
juː | (j)ʊu̯~(j)u | (j)u~(j)ʊu̯~(j)ɵu̯ | (j)uː~(j)ʉː~(j)yː | (j)ʉ̠ː | (j)ʊ~(j)u: | (j)u̟~(j)ʊu̯~(j)ʉu̯~(j)ɵu̯ | (j)u~(j)ɵu̯ | (j)ʊu̯~(j)ɵu̯~(j)yː | ju̟ː | (j)u~(j)ʊu̯~(j)ɤʊ̯~(j)ɤu̯ | (j)ʉu̯ | jʊu~jɵu~jʊ̈y~jʏy~jʉ̞u̟ | (j)ʊu~(j)ɵu~(j)ʊ̈y~(j)ʏy~(j)ʉ̞u̟ | jʊu̯ | jʊ̈ʉ̯ | jʊ̈ʉ̯~jəʉ̯ | jʉː | juː | (j)ʉu̯ | juː | juː~jʉ | jəʉ̯~jəu̯ | jəʉ~jʉː~jɨː~jʊː | jʉː~jʉ̟ː~jʏː | jʏ̝ː~jʉː | (j)uː | jʉː | ju̟ː~jʉː,jɵʊ̯ | jʊu~juː | jʏː | jʉː | jʉː, jɪ̈u̯~jɪ̈ʊ̯ | jʊu~juː | jʊu̯ | jʊ̈ʉ̯~jʉː~jɨ̞ɯ̯̈ | ju | juː | jʉ | jʊ̈ | juː | jʊ̈ʉ̯ | ju | jʉ | ju | ju̟ː | jʉː~jyː | jʉː | ju | cute | |||||||||||||||||
aɪ | äɪ̯ | ɐɪ̯[57] | ɑɪ̯~aː | äɪ~aɪ | æɪ~aɪ~äɪ | ɐɪ̯ | ʌɪ̯~ɜɪ̯~ɐɪ̯[57] | aɪ̯~äː | äɪ̯ | äɪ̯ | ɐɪ̯ | ai~aæ | ɐi~äɪ~äɛ~äː | äɪ̯ | ɑ̟e̯~ɑe̯ | ɑe̯~ɒe̯ | ɑɪ̯ | ʌɪ̯ | ʌɪ̯~ɜɪ̯~ɐɪ̯[57] | a̽i | aɪ̯~ɑɪ̯~ɒɪ̯ | aɪ̯~ɒɪ̯~ɔɪ̯ | ɑɪ̯~ɒɪ̯~ɑ̟ə̯~ɑ̟ː | a̠ɪ̯~ɑɪ̯~ɑ̹ɪ̯ | æː~aɪ̯~ɐɪ̯ | ɒɪ̯~ɑɪ̯~əɪ̯ | aɪ~äɪ | äi̯ | aɪ~äɪ | aɪ̯~ɑɪ̯~aː | äɪ~äː | äɪ̯ | ɑ̈ɪ̯~ʌ̞ɪ̯ | ɐe̯ | äɪ̯ | ɐi̯~ɜi̯[57] | æɪ̯~ɐɪ̯ | əɪ̯~ɐɪ̯ | ɑɪ̯~ɐɪ̯ | aɪ̯~ɑɪ̯ | ɑ̟ɪ̯ | ɑe̯ | ɒe̯ | ɑɪ̯ | ɜi̯, äe̯ | ɑɪ̯ | äɪ̯ | äɪ̯~äː | ɑɪ̯~ɑ̟ː | ai̯ | ɐ̟ɪ̯ | ɜɪ̯ | ɜi̯ | PRICE | flight | |||||||||||
äː~äe̯~aː | äɪ̯ | äɪ̯ | aɪ̯~ae̯~æɪ̯ | ɑɪ̯~ɒɪ̯~äɪ̯ | äɪ̯ | aɪ~æɛ~aæ | äː~äɛ | ɑɪ̯ | äe̯~ɜi̯ | my | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɔɪ | oɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯ | oɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ | ɔoɪ | oi̯ | o̞ɪ̯ | oɪ̯ | oɪ̯~ɑɪ̯ | oɪ̯~ʌɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯ | oi | ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ | ɔ̝ɪ~oɪ | ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ | ɔ̝ɪ̯~oɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯~oɪ̯ | ɔɪ | oe̯ | ɔɪ | oɪ | ɔɪ | ɔɪ̯ | əɪ̯~ɑɪ̯ | aɪ̯~äɪ̯ | ɒɪ̯~oɪ̯ | ɒɪ̯ | oɪ̯ | oe̯ | ɔɪ̯ | oi̯ | ɔɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯~ɒɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯ | ɔi̯ | ɔɪ̯ | ɒɪ̯ | ʌ̈i̯ | CHOICE | boy | ||||||||||||||||||||||
oʊ | ʌʊ̯~ɔʊ̯ | oʊ̯~ɔʊ̯ | oː | oʊ̯~ʌʊ̯~o̞ | o̞~o | oʊ̯~ʌʊ̯~o̞ | ʌo̯~oʊ̯~o | oʊ̯~oː | oʊ̯ | oʊ̯~ʌ̈ʊ̯ | ɘʊ̯~ɜʊ̯ | ɔu~ɒu | ɜʊ~ɜʊ̈~ɜʏ~ɘʊ̯ | ɵ̞ʊ̯ | ɜʉ̯~ɐʉ̯ | ɐʉ̯~äʉ̯ | oʊ̯~ɵʊ̯ | oː~oə̯ | oʊ̯ | o | əʊ̯ | ʌʊ̯~ɐʊ̯~aʊ̯ | æ̈ɤ̈~æ̈ɤ̝̈~ɐɤ̈~ɐɤ̝̈~ æ̈ʊ~ɐʊ~aʊ~ɐø~ œ̈ø~ʌ̈ː~œ̈ | əʏ̯~əʊ̯ | oː~oʊ̯~ɵʊ̯ | oʊ̯ | oː~ɔː | oː~ʊə̯~ɵː | oː~ɔː | ɔʊ~ɔo | oː~ɔː | ɛʉ̯~ɛʊ̯~eʉ̯~ eʊ̯~əʉ̯~əʊ̯ | oː~ɔː | əʊ̯ | əʉ̯ | oː | ʌo̯~ʌɔ̯ | əʊ̯ | oʊ̯~əʊ̯ | ɵʊ̯ | ɜʉ̯~ɐʉ̯ | ɐʉ̯ | oː~oʊ̯ | o̝ | oː~oʊ̯ | ɛʊ̯~œʊ̯ | œʉ̯~œɤ̯̈~œː | ʌʊ̯ | o[52] | oː | ɘu̯ | GOAT | no | |||||||||||||
ou̯ | oʊ̯ | tow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɔʊ̯~oː | oʊ̯~ʌʊ̯~ɔʊ̯~oː | ɔʊ̯~oː | oː~oʊ̯ | ɔu̯ | ɒʊ̯~ɔʊ̯ | ɒʊ~ɔo~aɤ | ɒʊ̯~ɒɤ̯ | ɔʊ̯ | ɒʊ̯~ɔʊ̯ | ɔo̯ | soul | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
aʊ | æɔ̯~æə̯ | ɐʊ̯[57] | aʊ̯~aː | äʊ̯ | äʊ̯~aʊ̯~æʊ̯ | äʊ̯~ɐʊ̯ | æʊ̯ | ɑ̈ʊ̯ | aʊ̯~æʊ̯ | æʊ̯~ɛɔ̯ | æɒ~æɔ | æɒ̯~ɛjɔ~ɜʊ̯ | äʊ̯ | aɔ̯~ao̯~æɔ̯~æo̯ | æo̯~æə̯~ɛo̯~ɛə̯ | ao̯~ɑə̯~aɵ~aɛ̯ | ʌʊ̯ | ʌʊ̯~ɜʊ̯[57] | a̽u | aʊ̯ | æə̯~æʊ̯~ɛʉ̯~ɛ̝̈ʊ̯ | æʊ~æə~æː~aː~æiə | æʊ̯~æʏ̯~aʊ̯~aʏ̯ | ɑʊ̯~aː | æy~ɐʏ̯~ɐʊ̯~ɛɪ̯ | aʊ | äu̯~æu̯~ɛu̯~əu̯~uː | aʊ | ɐʊ | aʊ | ɑ̟ʊ̯ | aʊ̯ | aɔ̯ | äʊ̯ | ɐʏ̯~ɜʉ̯ | ɐʊ̯~ʌʊ̯ | ɛʊ̯ | aʊ̯~ɛʊ̯ | aʊ̯ | æo̯ | ɛo̯~ɛə̯ | ɑʊ̯ | ɜʉ̯ | ɑʊ̯ | äʊ̯ | äː | æʊ̯ | au̯ | ɐu̯ | ɜʊ̯ | ɑ̟u̯ | MOUTH | about | |||||||||||||
ɑ̟ʊ̯ | äʊ̯~ɑʊ̯ | now | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɑːr | ɑ(ɹ)~ɒ(ɹ) | ɑɹ~ɒɹ | a(ɹ)~ä(ɹ) | ɑ(ɹ)~a(ɹ) | ɑɹ | ɑɹ~ɒɹ | ɑɹ | äɻ~ɐɻ | ɑɹ | ɑ̟ə̯(ɹ) | ɒə̯(ɹ) | äə̯(ɹ) | ɑɹ~ɒɹ | ɑɹ | ɑː(ɹ)~ɒː(ɹ) | ɑɹ~ɒɹ | äː(ɹ) | äː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ) | ɑː(ɹ) | aːɹ | ɑɹ~ɐɹ | a̽~a̽ː | ɑː(ɾ) | ɑː(ɹ) | ɑː(ɹ)~ɑ̟ː(ɹ)~ɑ̹ː(ɹ) | ɑː(ɹ) | äɻ | äː(ɹ) | ɒː(ɾ)~ɑː(ɹ) | äː(ɹ) | aː(ɾ)~ɑː(ɾ) | äː(ɹ) | ɑ̟ː(ɹ) | ɑ̈ː(ɹ)~ʌ̞ː(ɹ) | ɑː(ɹ) | äː(ɾ) | ɑɻ | æːɹ~aɹ | äːɹ~ɑɹ | ɐː(ɹ)~äː(ɹ) | ɑɹ | äɾ | ɑː(ɾ) | ɑ̟ː(ɹ) | ɑː(ɹ) | ɒː(ɾ)~ɔː(ɾ) | ä(ɹ) | aː(ɾ) | aː(ɹ)~æː(ɹ) | START | arm | |||||||||||||||
ɪər | iə̯(ɹ)~iɤ̯(ɹ) | iɹ | ɪə̯(ɹ)~ɪɐ̯(ɹ) | i(ɹ)~ɪ(ɹ) | ɪɹ~iɹ | iɻ~iə̯ɻ | iɹ | ɪə̯(ɹ) | ɪə̯(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ) | ɪɹ~iɹ | iɹ | i(ɹ) | iɹ | ɪə̯(ɹ) | ɪə̯(ɹ)~ɪː(ɹ)~iː(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ) | iː(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ) | iə̯(ɹ)~eə̯(ɹ) | eːɹ | ɪɹ | ia̽ | iə̯(ɾ)~ɪə̯(ɾ) | ɘiɐ(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ)~ɪə̯(ɹ)~ɜː(ɹ) | iə(ɹ)~ɪː(ɹ)~ɪiɐ(ɹ) | ɪː(ɹ)~ɪə̯(ɹ) | ɪː(ɹ) | iɻ | ɪə(ɹ) | iɐ̯(ɹ) | ɪə | iɛ̯(ɾ) | ɪə̯(ɹ) | ɪ̞ː(ɹ)~ɪə̯(ɹ) | ɪə̯(ɹ)~iə̯(ɹ) | ɪə̯(ɾ)~iː(ɾ) | iːɹ | ɪə̯(ɹ) | ɪə̯(ɹ)[58] | ɪɹ~iɹ | iə̯ɾ | ɪə̯(ɾ)~iə̯(ɾ) | ɪə̯(ɹ) | ɪə̯(ɾ)~ɪː(ɾ) | iə̯(ɹ) | iːə(ɾ)~jøː(ɾ) | iːə(ɹ)~jøː(ɹ) | NEAR | deer | |||||||||||||||||||
ɛər | ɛə̯(ɹ) | ɛɹ | ɛə̯(ɹ)~ɛɐ̯(ɹ) | ɛ(ɹ)~æ(ɹ) | eɹ | eɹ~ɛɹ | eə̯ɻ~eɻ | eɹ | ɛə̯(ɹ) | ɛə̯(ɹ)~eə̯(ɹ) | ɛɹ~eɹ | eɹ | ɛ(j)(ɹ) | e̞ɹ~ɛ(j)ɹ | e̞ə̯(ɹ) | e̞ː(ɹ)~eː(ɹ) | eː(ɹ)~e̝ː(ɹ) | eə̯(ɹ) | ɛɹ | ɛ | ɛə̯(ɾ) | ɛə̯(ɹ)~ɛː(ɹ)~ɜː(ɹ) | ɛ̝ə(ɹ)~ɛː(ɹ)~ɛiə(ɹ) | ɛ̝ː(ɹ)~e̞ː(ɹ) | ɛː(ɹ) | eɻ | ɛː(ɹ) | ɪː(ɾ)~eː(ɾ)~ëː(ɾ)~ɛː(ɾ)~ ɛ̈ː(ɾ)~œː(ɾ)~əː(ɾ)~ ɘː(ɾ)~ɜː(ɾ)~ɵː(ɾ) | ɛː(ɹ) | ɛə̯(ɹ) | ɛː(ɹ)~ɛə̯(ɹ) | ɛə̯(ɹ) | ɛə̯(ɾ)~eː(ɾ) | ɚː | ɛːɹ | eːɹ | e̞ə̯(ɹ) | ɛɹ | eə̯ɾ | ɛə̯(ɾ)~ɛɐ̯(ɾ) | ɛə̯(ɹ) | ɛə̯(ɹ)~ɛː(ɹ)~eː(ɹ) | eː(ɾ)~e̝ː(ɾ) | ɛ(ɹ) | ɛː(ɾ) | ɛː(ɹ)~eː(ɹ) | SQUARE | mare | ||||||||||||||||||
ɜːr | ɚ | ɚ | əː(ɹ) | ɚ | ʌə(ɹ)~ʌɹ | ɝ | ɚ | ɚ~ɝ | ɚ~əɻ | ɚ | ɜː(ɹ)~əː(ɹ) | ɚ | əɪ̯ | ɚ | ɜ(ɹ) | ɚ~ɐɹ | əː(ɹ) | əː(ɹ)~ɘː(ɹ) | ɘː(ɹ)~ɵː(ɹ) | ə(ɹ)~ɜ(ɹ)~ɜi̯(ɹ) | ɤ | ɚ | ɛ~ɔ | əː(ɾ) | ɵ̝ː(ɹ)~əː(ɹ)~ɜː(ɹ) | ɜː(ɹ)~ɜ̟ː(ɹ)~œ̈ː(ɹ) | ɜː(ɹ)~əː(ɹ) | əː(ɹ) | ɜɻ | ɜː~ɛ | øː(ɹ)~ɪː(ɹ)~əː(ɹ)~ɔː(ɹ) | ɜː~ɛ | ɜː~ɛ | əː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ) | əː(ɹ) | əː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ) | ɜː(ɾ)~äɾ | ɚː | ɚː[59] | ɚː | ʊːɹ[59] | ɚː | ɵː(ɹ) | ɚ | ʌɾ[59] | əː(ɾ)~ɐː(ɾ) | əː(ɹ)~ɐː(ɹ) | ø̈ː(ɹ)~ø̞̈ː(ɹ) | ø̈ː(ɾ)~ø̞̈ː(ɾ) | ə(ɹ) | əː(ɾ) | øː(ɾ) | øː(ɹ) | NURSE | burn | |||||||||||
ɪɾ~ʌɾ[59] | bird | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
əɹ | ɛːɹ[59] | ɛːɹ[59] | ɛɾ[59] | earth | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ər | ə(ɹ) | ə(ɹ) | ɚ | ɚ | ə(ɹ) | ə(ɹ) | ə(ɹ) | ɚ | ə(ɹ) | ə~a̽~ɔ~ɪ~ɛ | œ(ɾ)~ə(ɾ) | ə(ɹ)~ɐ(ɹ) | ə(ɹ)~ə̝(ɹ) | ə(ɹ)~ɐ(ɹ) | əɻ | ə(ɹ)~ɜ(ɹ) | ə(ɹ) | ɐ(ɹ)~a(ɹ) | ə(ɾ) | ɚ | ə(ɹ) | əɾ | ə(ɾ)~ɐ(ɾ) | ə(ɹ) | ə(ɾ) | ə(ɾ) | ə(ɹ) | LETTER | winner[60] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ʌə(ɹ)~ʌɹ | donor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ɔːr | oə̯(ɹ)~ɔə̯(ɹ)~ɔo̯(ɹ) | oɹ | ɔə̯(ɹ)~ɒə̯(ɹ)~ɒ(ɹ) | ɔə(ɹ)~ɔɹ | ɔɹ~oɹ | oɹ~ɔɹ | oɹ~ɔɹ | ɔɻ~oɻ | oɹ~ɔɹ | ɔə̯(ɹ) | oɐ̯(ɹ)~ɔə̯(ɹ) | oɹ~ɔɹ | ɔə̯(ɹ) | ɔɹ | o̞ː(ɹ) | oː(ɹ) | ɔə̯(ɹ) | ɒːɹ~ɑːɹ | ɔɹ | ɔ | ɑː(ɾ)~əː(ɾ) | o̞ː(ɹ)~ɔː(ɹ) | ɔː(ɹ)~ɔ̝ə(ɹ)~ɔuə(ɹ), oː(ɹ)~oʊ(ɹ)~ɔo(ɹ) | o̟ː~o̞ː, ɔə̯(ɹ)~ɔː(ɹ)~ɔ̝ː | oː(ɹ) | ɔɻ~oɻ | ɔː(ɹ)~ɒː(ɹ) | ɔː(ɹ) | ɔː(ɹ)~ɒː(ɹ) | o̞ː(ɹ) | ɔː(ɹ)~ɒː(ɹ) | o̞ː(ɹ) | oː(ɹ) | ɔː(ɾ)~ɒː(ɾ) | ɔːɹ | äːɹ~ɑːɹ | ɒːɹ~oːɹ | oː(ɹ) | oɹ | ɔɾ | oː(ɾ) | o̞ː(ɹ) | oː(ɹ) | oː(ɾ) | ɔ(ɹ) | ɒː(ɾ) | ʌ̈ː(ɹ) | NORTH | sort | |||||||||||||||||
ɔə̯(ɹ)~oɐ̯(ɹ) | o(u)ə(ɹ) | o(u)ɹ | oə̯(ɹ) | oːɹ | oː(ɾ)~əː(ɾ) | o̞ː(ɹ)~ɔː(ɹ), ʌʊ̯ə(ɹ) | oːɹ | ɔːɹ | ɒːɹ | oːɹ | o̝(ə̯)ɾ | oː(ɾ) | FORCE | tore | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ʊər | ʊə̯(ɹ)~ʊɐ̯(ɹ) | uə(ɹ)~ʊə(ɹ) | ʊɹ~ɔɹ~oɹ | ʊɹ~ɔɹ~oɹ | uɻ~oɻ | uɹ~ɚ | ʊə̯(ɹ) | uə̯(ɹ) | uɹ~ɚ | ʊə̯(ɹ) | ʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ), oː(ɹ) | uə̯(ɹ) | ʊɹ~ɔɹ | uə̯(ɾ) | ɘua(ɹ)~ɘʉa(ɹ)~ʊa̯(ɹ)~ʊə̯(ɹ), ɔː(ɹ)~o̞ː(ɹ) | ʊə(ɹ)~ʊː(ɹ), ɔː(ɹ)~ɔ̝ə(ɹ)~ɔuə(ɹ), oː(ɹ)~oʊ(ɹ)~ɔo(ɹ) | ʊə(ɹ) | uɐ̯(ɹ) | ʊə(ɹ) | uɛ̯(ɾ)~ɪ̈u̯ə(ɾ)~ɪ̈ʊ̯ə(ɾ)~ o̞ː(ɾ) | ʊə̯(ɹ) | ɵː(ɹ)~ɤ̈ː(ɹ), o̞ː(ɹ) | oə̯(ɹ) | ʊə̯(ɾ)~uː(ɾ) | uːɹ | ʊə̯(ɹ) | ʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ), oː(ɹ) | oɚ | ʉɾ | oə̯(ɾ)~oɐ̯(ɾ) | ʊə̯(ɹ) | ʊə̯(ɹ)~oː(ɹ) | uə̯(ɹ) | uːə(ɾ) | uːə(ɹ)~ʌ̈ː(ɹ) | CURE | tour | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
jʊər | juə̯(ɹ)~jʊə̯(ɹ) | juɹ~jʊɹ | jʊə̯(ɹ)~jʊɐ̯(ɹ) | juə(ɹ)~jʊə(ɹ) | jʊɹ~jɔɹ~joɹ | jʊɹ~jɔɹ~joɹ~jɚ | jʊɹ~juɹ~jɚ | jɚ | jʊ~juɹ~jɚ | jʊə̯(ɹ) | juɐ̯(ɹ)~juə̯(ɹ) | juɹ | jɔɹ~joɹ~jɚ | juə̯(ɹ) | juɹ~jɚ | jʊə̯(ɹ) | jʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ), joː(ɹ) | juə̯(ɹ) | joːɹ | jɚ~jʊɹ~jɵɹ | jɔ | juə̯(ɾ) | jɘua(ɹ)~jɘʉa(ɹ)~jʊa̯(ɹ)~jʊə̯(ɹ), jɔː(ɹ)~jo̞ː(ɹ) | jʊə(ɹ)~jʊː(ɹ), jɔː(ɹ)~jɔ̝ə(ɹ)~jɔuə(ɹ), joː(ɹ)~joʊ(ɹ)~jɔo(ɹ) | jʉ̜ə̯(ɹ)~jʊ̜ə̯(ɹ)~jɔ̝ː(ɹ) | joː(ɹ) | jʊɻ | jʊə(ɹ) | juɐ̯(ɹ) | jʊə(ɹ) | jo̞ː(ɾ) | jʊə̯(ɹ) | jɵː(ɹ)~jɤ̈ː(ɹ), jo̞ː(ɹ) | joə̯(ɹ) | jʊə̯(ɾ)~juː(ɾ) | juːɹ | jʊə̯(ɹ) | jʊ̈ʉ̯ə(ɹ), joː(ɹ) | joɚ | jʉɾ | joə̯(ɾ)~joɐ̯(ɾ) | jʊə̯(ɹ) | jʊə̯(ɹ)~joː(ɹ) | joː(ɾ) | jɔ(ɹ) | ɪuːə(ɾ) | juːə(ɹ)~jʌ̈ː(ɹ) | pure |
Abbreviations List
The following abbreviations are used in the above table:
- AmE, American English
- AuE, Australian English
- BahE, Bahamian English
- BarE, Barbadian English
- CaE, Canadian English
- CIE, Channel Island English
- EnE, English English
- FiE, Fiji English
- InE, Indian English
- IrE, Irish English
- JSE, Jamaican English
- NZE, New Zealand English
- PaE, Palauan English
- ScE, Scottish English
- SIE, Solomon Islands English
- SAE, South African English
- SSE, Standard Singapore English
- WaE, Welsh English
See Pronunciation respelling for English for phonetic transcriptions used in different dictionaries.
Related symbols used in English IPA transcription
IPA | Explanation | |
---|---|---|
ˈ | Primary stress indicator (placed before the stressed syllable); for example, rapping /ˈræpɪŋ/ | |
ˌ | Secondary stress/full vowel indicator (placed before the stressed syllable); for example, pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/ | |
. | Syllable separation indicator; for example, ice cream /ˈaɪs.kriːm/ vs. I scream /ˌaɪ.ˈskriːm/ | |
̩ | ̍ | Syllabic consonant indicator (placed under the syllabic consonant); for example, ridden [ˈɹɪdn̩] |
See also
Notes
References
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- Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. Vol. II: The British Isles. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-28541-0.