List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty

The following is a list of emperors of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It also contains early rulers (khagans-emperors and regents) of the Mongol Empire posthumously honored by Kublai Khan as Yuan emperors.

Emperor of the Great Yuan
大元皇帝
Imperial
First to reign
Kublai Khan

1264–1294
Details
StyleHis Imperial Majesty (陛下)
Great Khan (大汗)
First monarchKublai Khan (Yuan dynasty)
Toghon Temür (Northern Yuan)
Last monarchToghon Temür (Yuan dynasty)
Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür (Northern Yuan)
Formation1271 (Yuan dynasty)
1368 (Northern Yuan)
Abolition1368 (Yuan dynasty)
1388 (Northern Yuan)
ResidenceImperial Palace, Shangdu
Imperial Palace, Dadu
AppointerHereditary

List of emperors

PortraitName by which most commonly knownTemple namePosthumous nameKhan nameGiven nameLifespanPeriod of reignEra name and their according range of years
Convention: use first name (e.g. Temüjin) or Khan names for khans before Kublai Khan. Use "Yuan" + temple name or posthumous name after. A mix of the three for Kublai Khan.
Notes:
1) Decades before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the "Great Mongol State" (Yeke Mongγol Ulus) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) practically in the Chinese language since the enthronement of Genghis Emperor (成吉思皇帝; 'Chéngjísī Huángdì') in Spring 1206.[1] However, before Kublai Khan ruled China, these titles were just translations of the Mongolian word Khagan (Chinese: 合罕; pinyin: Héhàn, Great Khan). North China was only part of the territory occupied by the Mongol Empire.[2]
2) To non-Chinese readers, usually the khan names are the most familiar names.
3) Timur or Temür means the same Mongolian words but Temür will be used for avoiding confusion with Timur.
4) The clan name (surname) of all emperors is Borjigin (孛兒只斤 Bó'érjìjǐn). According to Mongolian tradition, clan names are not used together with given names, and Mongolian people are usually referred by their given names only. Therefore, only given names are shown in the following list.
Genghis KhanTaizu (太祖 Tàizǔ)Emperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu (法天啟運聖武皇帝)Genghis Khan (成吉思汗)Temüjin (鐵木真 Tiěmùzhēn)1155/1162–12271206–1227None
ToluiRuizong (睿宗 Ruìzōng)Emperor Rensheng Jingxiang (仁聖景襄皇帝)NoneTolui (拖雷 Tuōléi)1191–12321227–1229None
Ögedei KhanTaizong (太宗 Tàizōng)Emperor Yingwen (英文皇帝)NoneÖgedei (窩闊台 Wōkuòtái)1186–12411229–1241None
Güyük KhanDingzong (定宗 Dìngzōng)Emperor Jianping (簡平皇帝)NoneGüyük (貴由 Guìyóu)1206–12481246–1248None
Möngke KhanXianzong (憲宗 Xiànzōng)Emperor Huansu (桓肅皇帝)NoneMöngke (蒙哥 Ménggē)1209–12591251–1259None
Kublai KhanShizu (世祖 Shìzǔ)Emperor Shengde Shengong Wenwu (聖德神功文武皇帝)Setsen Khan (薛禪汗)Kublai (忽必烈 Hūbìliè)1215–12941260–1294Zhongtong (中統 Zhōngtǒng) 1260–1264

Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1264–1294

Temür KhanChengzong (成宗 Chéngzōng)Emperor Qinming Guangxiao (欽明廣孝皇帝)Öljeytü Khan (完澤篤汗)Temür (鐵木耳 Tiěmù'ěr)1265–13071294–1307Yuanzhen (元貞 Yuánzhēn) 1295–1297

Dade (大德 Dàdé) 1297–1307

Külüg KhanWuzong (武宗 Wǔzōng)Emperor Renhui Xuanxiao (仁惠宣孝皇帝)Külüg Khan (曲律汗)Qayshan (海山 Hǎishān)1281–13111307–1311Zhida (至大 Zhìdà) 1308–1311
Ayurbarwada Buyantu KhanRenzong (仁宗 Rénzōng)Emperor Shengwen Qinxiao (聖文欽孝皇帝)Buyantu Khan (普顏篤汗)Ayurparibhadra (愛育黎拔力八達 Àiyùlíbálìbādá)1285–13201311–1320Huangqing (皇慶 Huángqìng) 1312–1313

Yanyou (延祐 Yányòu) 1314–1320

Gegeen KhanYingzong (英宗 Yīngzōng)Emperor Ruisheng Wenxiao (睿聖文孝皇帝)Gegeen Khan (格堅汗)Suddhipala (碩德八剌 Shuòdébālá)1302–13231320–1323Zhizhi (至治 Zhìzhì) 1321–1323
Yesün TemürNoneNoneNoneYesün-Temür (也孫鐵木兒 Yěsūntiěmùér)1293–13281323–1328Taiding (泰定 Tàidìng) 1321–1328

Zhihe (致和 Zhìhé) 1328

Ragibagh KhanNoneNoneNoneArigaba (阿剌吉八 Ālàjíbā)1320–13281328Tianshun (天順 Tiānshùn) 1328
Jayaatu Khan Tugh TemürWenzong (文宗 Wénzōng)Emperor Shengming Yuanxiao (聖明元孝皇帝)Jayaatu Khan (札牙篤汗)Toq-Temür (圖鐵木兒 Tútiěmùér)1304–13321328–1329 and 1329–1332Tianli (天曆 Tiānlì) 1328–1330

Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1330–1332

Khutughtu Khan KusalaMingzong (明宗 Míngzōng)Emperor Yixian Jingxiao (翼獻景孝皇帝)Khutughtu Khan (忽都篤汗)Qoshila (和世剌 Héshìlà)1300–13291329None
Rinchinbal KhanNingzong (寧宗 Níngzōng)Emperor Chongsheng Sixiao (沖聖嗣孝皇帝)NoneIrinchibal (懿璘質班 Yìlínzhìbān)1326–13321332Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1332
Toghon TemürHuizong (惠宗 Huìzōng)Emperor Xuanren Puxiao (宣仁普孝皇帝)
or
Emperor Shun (順皇帝)
Ukhaghatu Khan (烏哈噶圖汗)Toghan-Temür (妥懽貼睦爾 Tuǒhuān Tiēmù'ěr)1320–13701333–1368Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1333

Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333–1335
Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1335–1340
Zhizheng (至正 Zhìzhèng) 1341–1368

Timeline

Uskhal Khan Tögüs TemürBiligtü Khan AyushiridaraToghon TemürToghon TemürRinchinbal KhanJayaatu Khan Tugh TemürKhutughtu Khan KusalaJayaatu Khan Tugh TemürRagibagh KhanYesün Temür (Yuan dynasty)Gegeen KhanAyurbarwada Buyantu KhanKülüg KhanTemür KhanKublai KhanKublai KhanMöngke KhanGüyük KhanÖgedei KhanToluiGenghis Khan

Legend:

References

External links

See also