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Socialist International

The Socialist International (SI) is a political international or worldwide organisation of political parties which seek to establish democratic socialism,[1] though it consists mostly of social-democratic political parties and labour organisations.

Socialist International
AbbreviationSI
PredecessorLabour and Socialist International
Formation3 June 1951; 72 years ago (1951-06-03)
TypeInternational non-governmental organization
Purpose"Strengthen relations between the affiliated parties and to coordinate their political attitudes and activities"[1]
Location
Region served
Worldwide
Membership
119 political parties and 13 affiliated organizations
President
Pedro Sánchez
Secretary General
Chantal Kambiwa
Main organ
Congress of the Socialist International
SecessionsProgressive Alliance
Budget
£1.4 million (2014)[2]
Websitesocialistinternational.org

Although formed in 1951 as a successor to the Labour and Socialist International, it has antecedents in the late 19th century. The organisation currently includes 132 member parties[3] and organisations from over 100 countries. Its members have governed in many countries, including most of Europe. In 2013, a schism in the SI led to the establishment of the Progressive Alliance.[4]

The current secretary general of the SI is Benedicta Lasi of Ghana and the current president of the SI is the prime minister of Spain, Pedro Sánchez,[5] both of whom were elected at the last SI Congress held in Madrid, Spain, in November 2022.

History

First and Second Internationals (1864–1916)

The International Workingmen's Association, also known as the First International, was the first international body to bring together organisations representing the working class.[6] It was formed in London on 28 September 1864 by socialist, communist and anarchist political groups and trade unions.[7] Tensions between moderates and revolutionaries led to its dissolution in 1876 in Philadelphia.[8]

The Second International was formed in Paris on 14 July 1889 as an association of the socialist parties.[9] Differences over World War I led to the Second International being dissolved in 1916.

Labour and Socialist International (1919–1940)

The International Socialist Commission (ISC), also known as the Berne International, was formed in February 1919 at a meeting in Bern by parties that wanted to resurrect the Second International.[10] In March 1919, Communist parties formed the Communist International ("Comintern"), the Third International, at a meeting in Moscow.[11]

Some parties did not want to be a part of the resurrected Second International (ISC) or Comintern. They formed the International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP, also known as Vienna International, Vienna Union, or Two-and-a-Half International) on 27 February 1921 at a conference in Vienna.[12] The ISC and the IWUSP joined to form the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) in May 1923 at a meeting in Hamburg.[13] The rise of Nazism and the start of World War II led to the dissolution of the LSI in 1940.

Socialist International (1951–present)

The Socialist International was formed in Frankfurt in July 1951 as a successor to the LSI.[14]

During the post-World War II period, the SI aided social democratic parties in re-establishing themselves when dictatorship gave way to democracy in Portugal (1974) and Spain (1975). Until its 1976 Geneva Congress, the SI had few members outside Europe and no formal involvement with Latin America.[15] In the 1980s, most SI parties gave their backing to the Nicaraguan Sandinistas (FSLN), whose democratically elected left-wing government was subject to a campaign to overthrow it backed by the United States, which culminated in the Iran–Contra affair after the Reagan administration covertly continued US support for the Contras after such support was banned by Congress.

Willy Brandt with outgoing secretary general Bernt Carlsson (left) and new secretary general Pentti Väänänen (right) at the Socialist International Congress in 1983

In the late 1970s and in the 1980s the SI had extensive contacts and discussion with the two leading powers of the Cold War period, the United States and the Soviet Union, on issues concerning East–West relations and arms control. The SI supported détente and disarmament agreements, such as SALT II, START and INF. They had several meetings and discussion in Washington, D.C., with President Jimmy Carter and Vice President George Bush and in Moscow with Secretaries General Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev. The SI's delegations to these discussions were led by the Finnish Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa.[16]

Since then, the SI has admitted as members an increasing number of parties and organisations from Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America (see below for current list).

Following the Tunisian Revolution, the Constitutional Democratic Rally was expelled from the SI in January 2011;[17] later that month the Egyptian National Democratic Party was also expelled;[18] and as a result of the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis, the Ivorian Popular Front was expelled in March 2011,[19] in accordance with section 7.1 of the statutes of the Socialist International. These decisions were approved at the subsequent SI Congress in Cape Town in 2012 in line with section 5.1.3 of the statutes.[20] These were long term ruling parties of one-party states that were overthrown in the protests of the Arab Spring.

Progressive Alliance split (2013)

On 22 May 2013 the Social Democratic Party of Germany along with some other current and former member parties of the SI founded a rival international network of social-democratic parties known as the Progressive Alliance, citing the perceived undemocratic and outmoded nature of the SI,[21][22][23][24] as well as the Socialist International's admittance and continuing inclusion of undemocratic political movements into the organization. For example, the SPD objected to the continued presence of the Sandinista National Liberation Front and the delayed ouster of the Tunisian RCD and Egyptian NDP.[25][26]

After the 2012 Congress, the SI underwent major changes as many of the large European parties allowed their membership to lapse – for example the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Swedish Social Democratic Labour Party – or downgraded their membership to observer status – for example, the British Labour Party and the Norwegian Labour Party (DNA). These parties now concentrate their international links on the Progressive Alliance, with the SI's focus now increasingly being on the global south.

Relationship with Latin America

For a long time, the Socialist International remained distant from Latin America, considering the region as a zone of influence of the United States. For example, it did not denounce the coup d'état against Socialist President Jacobo Árbenz in Guatemala in 1954 or the invasion of the Dominican Republic by the United States in 1965. It was not until the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that "a world we did not know" was discovered, explained Antoine Blanca, a diplomat for the French PS. According to him, solidarity with the Chilean left was "the first challenge worthy of the name, against Washington, of an International which, until then, had done everything to appear subject to American strategy and NATO". Subsequently, notably under the leadership of François Mitterrand, the SI supported the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and other movements in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras in their struggle against US-supported dictatorships.[27]

In the 1990s, it was joined by non-socialist parties that took note of the economic power of the European countries governed or to be governed by their partners across the Atlantic and calculated the benefits they could derive from it.[citation needed] During this period, "the socialist international works in a clientist way; some parties come here to rub shoulders with Europeans as if they were in the upper class," says Porfirio Muñoz Ledo, one of the representatives of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (Mexico) at the SI. It is home to "the very centrist Argentinean Radical Civic Union (UCR); the Mexican Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which was not very democratically in power for seventy years; the Colombian Liberal Party—under whose governments the left-wing formation Patriotic Union (1986–1990) was exterminated—introduced the neoliberal model (1990–1994) and to which, until 2002, Álvaro Uribe will belong". In the following decade, many left-wing parties that came to power (in Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and El Salvador) preferred to keep their distance from the SI.[27]

The logo is the fist and rose, based on the 1977 design by José María Cruz Novillo for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, itself a variant of the logo of the French Socialist Party. Variants of the emblem are or were used by several SI member parties.[28]

Presidents, honorary presidents and secretaries general

Presidents

  • As of 2023, there have been a total of 9 Socialist International presidents.
#NamePortraitCountryPresidency

start date

Presidency

end date

Time in office
1Morgan Phillips (1902–1963)  United KingdomLabour Party195119576 years
2Alsing Andersen (1893–1962)  DenmarkSocial Democratic Party of Denmark195719625 years
3Erich Ollenhauer (1901–1963)  West GermanySocial Democratic Party of Germany1963
4Bruno Pittermann (1905–1983)  AustriaSocial Democratic Party of Austria1964197612 years
5Willy Brandt (1913–1992)  West GermanySocial Democratic Party of Germany1976199216 years
6Pierre Mauroy (1928–2013)  FranceSocialist Party of France17 September 199210 November 19997 years, 54 days
7António Guterres (born 1949)  PortugalSocialist Party of Portugal10 November 199915 June 20055 years, 217 days
8George Papandreou
(born 1952)		  GreecePASOK / KIDISO30 January 200625 November 202216 years, 300 days
9Pedro Sánchez
(born 1972)		  SpainSpanish Socialist Workers' Party25 November 2022Incumbent1 year, 154 days

Honorary presidents

Current and honorary presidents include:[29]

Secretaries general


Summits

Members

Full members

There are 92 full members:[30][31]

CountryNameAbbrGovernmentNotesLower HouseUpper House
 AlbaniaSocialist Party of Albania[32][33][34]PSin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 1999.[35][34] Promoted to full member in 2003.[36]
74 / 140 (53%)
 AlgeriaSocialist Forces Front[37][38][39]FFSin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Promoted to full member in 1996.[41][39]
0 / 407 (0%)
4 / 144 (3%)
 AndorraSocial Democratic Party[42][43]PSin oppositionPromoted to full member in 2003.[36][43]
3 / 28 (11%)
 AngolaPopular Movement for the Liberation of Angola[44]MPLAin governmentAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 2003.[36][44]
124 / 220 (56%)
 ArgentinaRadical Civic Union[45]UCRin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 1999.[35][45]
34 / 257 (13%)
13 / 72 (18%)
 ArmeniaArmenian Revolutionary Federation[46][47]ARFin oppositionAdmitted (as Armenian Socialist Party) as observer member in 1996.[41][47] Promoted (as ASP) to consultative member in 1999.[35] Promoted (as ASP) to full member in 2003.[36]
10 / 107 (9%)
 BelarusBelarusian Social Democratic PartyBSDPextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as observer member in 1999.[35] Promoted to consultative member in 2003.[36] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[48] Officially deregistered in Belarus since 2005.
0 / 110 (0%)
0 / 64 (0%)
 BelgiumSocialist Party[49]PSjunior party in coalition
20 / 150 (13%)
7 / 60 (12%)
 BoliviaNational Unity FrontUNextra-parliamentaryPromoted to full member in March 2017.
0 / 130 (0%)
0 / 36 (0%)
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaSocial Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina[50][43]SDP BiHin governmentAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 1999.[35][43]
6 / 42 (14%)
0 / 15 (0%)
 BrazilDemocratic Labour Party[51]PDTin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[52][51] Promoted to full member in 1989.[51][53]
18 / 513 (4%)
2 / 81 (2%)
 BulgariaParty of Bulgarian Social Democrats[54]PBSDextra-parliamentary
0 / 240 (0%)
Bulgarian Socialist Party[55]BSPin oppositionAdmitted as full member in 2003.[36][55]
23 / 240 (10%)
 Burkina FasoPeople's Movement for ProgressMPPextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as full member in 2016.[56]
0 / 127 (0%)
 CameroonSocial Democratic Front[57]SDFin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 1999.[35][57]
5 / 180 (3%)
1 / 100 (1%)
 Cape VerdeAfrican Party for the Independence of Cape Verde[58]PAICVin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Promoted to full member in 1996.[41][58]
30 / 72 (42%)
 Central African RepublicMovement for the Liberation of the Central African PeopleMLPCin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Upgraded to full member in 2018.
9 / 100 (9%)
 ChadNational Union for Democracy and RenewalUNDRextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as observer member in June/July 2014.[60] Upgraded to full member in 2017.
0 / 155 (0%)
 ChileParty for Democracy[61]PPDjunior party in coalitionAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Promoted to full member in 1996.[41][61]
7 / 155 (5%)
6 / 50 (12%)
Radical Party of Chile[62]PRSDjunior party in coalition
4 / 155 (3%)
0 / 50 (0%)
Socialist Party of Chile[63]PSjunior party in coalitionAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Promoted to full member in 1996.[41][63]
13 / 155 (8%)
7 / 50 (14%)
 ColombiaColombian Liberal Party[64]PLCjunior party in coalitionAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Promoted to full member in 1999.[35][64]
32 / 188 (17%)
14 / 108 (13%)
 Costa RicaNational Liberation Party[65]PLNin oppositionFull member since 1987.[65]
19 / 57 (33%)
 CroatiaSocial Democratic Party of Croatia[66][67]SDPin oppositionAdmitted as full member in 1999.[35][67]
13 / 151 (9%)
 CyprusEDEK Socialist Party[68][69]EDEKin oppositionFull member since 1987.[69] Promoted to full member in 1992.[40]
3 / 56 (5%)
Cyprus (North)Republican Turkish PartyCTPin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2008 (pending consultation).[59] Promoted to full member in June/July 2014.[60]
18 / 50 (36%)
Communal Democracy PartyTDPextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as consultative member in November 2015.[48] Promoted to full member in March 2017.
0 / 50 (0%)
 Czech RepublicSocial Democracy[70][71]SOCDEMin opposition
0 / 200 (0%)
1 / 81 (1%)
 Democratic Republic of the CongoUnion for Democracy and Social ProgressUDPSin governmentAdmitted as observer member in 2003.[36]
32 / 500 (6%)
0 / 108 (0%)
 Dominican RepublicDominican Revolutionary Party[72]PRDin oppositionFull member since 1987.[72]
4 / 190 (2%)
0 / 32 (0%)
 Equatorial GuineaConvergence for Social Democracy[73]CPDSextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 1999.[35][73]
0 / 100 (0%)
 FinlandSocial Democratic Party of FinlandSDPin opposition
43 / 200 (22%)
 FranceSocialist Party[74]PSin opposition
32 / 577 (6%)
66 / 348 (19%)
 GhanaNational Democratic CongressNDCin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
137 / 275 (50%)
 GreecePASOK – Movement for ChangePASOK-KINALin oppositionFull member since 1990.[75]
32 / 300 (11%)
 GuatemalaNational Unity of HopeUNEin oppositionAdmitted as full member in 2008.[59]
28 / 160 (18%)
 GuineaRally of the Guinean People[76][77]RPGin oppositionAdmitted (as Guinean People's Assembly) as consultative member in 1999.[35] Promoted (as GPA) to full member in 2003.[36][77]
1 / 81 (1%)
 HaitiFusion of Haitian Social Democrats[78]PFSDHextra-parliamentaryFull member since 1989.[78]
0 / 119 (0%)
0 / 30 (0%)
Social Democratic Assembly for the Progress of Haiti (RSD)RSDextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as full members in 2018[79]
0 / 119 (0%)
0 / 30 (0%)
 HungaryHungarian Socialist Party[80][81]MSzPin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 1992.[40][81] Promoted to full member in 1996.[41]
10 / 199 (5%)
 IndiaIndian National CongressINCin oppositionOriginally joined in 1993.[82] Readmitted as full member December 2014.[83]
47 / 543 (9%)
30 / 245 (12%)
 IraqPatriotic Union of KurdistanPUKjunior party in coalitionAdmitted as observer member in 2003.[36] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
17 / 329 (5%)
 IsraelMeretz[84][69]מרצextra-parliamentary
0 / 120 (0%)
 ItalyItalian Socialist PartyPSIextra-parliamentary
0 / 400 (0%)
0 / 200 (0%)
 JamaicaPeople's National Party[85]PNPin oppositionFull member since 1952.[85] Temporarily demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30]
14 / 63 (22%)
8 / 21 (38%)
 JapanSocial Democratic Party[86]SDPin oppositionFull member since 1951 as the Japan Socialist Party.[86]
1 / 465 (0.2%)
2 / 248 (0.8%)
 KazakhstanNationwide Social Democratic PartyJSDPin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2012.[87] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[48]
4 / 98 (4%)
 KyrgyzstanSocial Democrats (Kyrgyzstan)SDKin oppositionLegal successor to the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan.
1 / 90 (1%)
 LebanonProgressive Socialist Party[88]PSPin oppositionFull member since 1980.[88]
8 / 128 (6%)
 LithuaniaSocial Democratic Party of Lithuania[89]LSDPin oppositionFull member since the 1990s.[89]
13 / 141 (9%)
 LuxembourgLuxembourg Socialist Workers' Party[90][91]LSAP/POSLin oppositionFull member since 1951.[91]
11 / 60 (18%)
 MaliAlliance for Democracy in Mali[92]ADEMA-PASJin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 1999.[35][92] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59] Status unclear following the 2020 Malian coup d'état.
24 / 147 (16%)
Rally for MaliRPMin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36] Status unclear following the 2020 Malian coup d'état.
51 / 147 (35%)
 MauritaniaRally of Democratic ForcesRFDextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as observer member in 2003.[36] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
0 / 176 (0%)
 MauritiusLabour Party[93]PTin oppositionFull member since 1969.[93]
13 / 69 (19%)
Mauritian Militant Movement[94]MMMin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 2003.[36][94] Part of the Alliance of the Heart.
9 / 69 (13%)
 MexicoInstitutional Revolutionary Party[95]PRIin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 2003.[36][95]
68 / 500 (14%)
13 / 128 (10%)
 MoldovaEuropean Social Democratic Party[96]PSDEextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as consultative member in 2008.[59] Promoted to full member in 2012.[87]
Part of Alliance for European Integration.
0 / 101 (0%)
 MongoliaMongolian People's Party[97][98]MPPin governmentAdmitted (as Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party) as observer member in 1999.[35][98]
Promoted (as Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party) to full member in 2003.[36][98]
62 / 76 (82%)
 MontenegroDemocratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro[99]DPSin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
17 / 81 (21%)
Social Democratic Party of Montenegro[99][100][101]SDPextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[41] Promoted to consultative member in 1999.[35] Promoted to full member in 2003.[36][101]
0 / 81 (0%)
 MoroccoSocialist Union of Popular Forces[102][103][104]USFPin oppositionPromoted to full member in 1992.[40]
37 / 395 (9%)
8 / 120 (7%)
 MozambiqueFrelimo Party[105]FRELIMOin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 1999.[35]
184 / 250 (74%)
 NamibiaSouth West Africa People's OrganisationSWAPOin governmentPromoted to full member in 2008.[59]
63 / 96 (66%)
28 / 42 (67%)
 NepalNepali Congress[106][107]NCin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[53] Promoted to full member in 1999.[35][107]
88 / 275 (32%)
10 / 59 (17%)
 NigerNigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism[108]PNDSin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 2003.[36][108] Status unclear following the 2023 Nigerien coup d'état.
79 / 171 (46%)
 PakistanPakistan Peoples Party[108]PPPjunior party in coalitionAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[53] Promoted to full member in 2003.[36][109]
0 / 336 (0%)
20 / 100 (20%)
 PalestineFatah[110][111]in governmentAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[41] Promoted to consultative member in 1999.[35]
Promoted to full member in 2012.[87]
45 / 132 (34%)
 PanamaDemocratic Revolutionary Party[112]PRDin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[52][112] Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 2003.[36]
35 / 71 (49%)
 ParaguayProgressive Democratic PartyPDPextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as consultative member in 2008.[59] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[48]
0 / 80 (0%)
0 / 45 (0%)
 PeruPeruvian Aprista Party[113]PAPextra-parliamentaryPromoted to full member in 1999.[35]
0 / 130 (0%)
 PhilippinesPhilippine Democratic Socialist PartyPDSPextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014. Reinstated in 2019.
0 / 316 (0%)
0 / 24 (0%)
 PortugalSocialist Party[114]PSin government
120 / 230 (52%)
 Puerto RicoPuerto Rican Independence Party[115]PIPin oppositionConsultative member in 1987, full member in 1994.[115] Promoted to full member in 1992.[40]
1 / 51 (2%)
1 / 27 (4%)
 RomaniaSocial Democratic Party[116][117]PSDin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 1999.[35] PSDR admitted as consultative member in 1992, full member in 2001.[117] Admitted as full member in 2003.[36] Both parties merged into PSD in 2001.
107 / 330 (32%)
49 / 136 (36%)
 San MarinoParty of Socialists and Democrats[108]PSDjunior partner in coalitionConsultative member in 1961, full member in 1980.[108]
4 / 60 (7%)
 SenegalSocialist Party of Senegal[118][119]PSjunior partner in coalitionFull member since the 1970s.[119] Boycotted last election.
0 / 150 (0%)
 SlovakiaDirection – Social Democracy[120]SMER-SDin governmentFull member.[120]
42 / 150 (28%)
 South AfricaAfrican National Congress[121]ANCin governmentAdmitted as full member in 1999.[35][121]
230 / 400 (58%)
54 / 90 (60%)
 SpainSpanish Socialist Workers' Party[122]PSOEin governmentFull member since 1951.[122]
121 / 350 (35%)
88 / 266 (33%)
 TunisiaDemocratic Forum for Labour and LibertiesFDTL—Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[36] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Promoted to full member in 2012.[87] Boycotted the 2022–23 Tunisian parliamentary election.[123]
0 / 217 (0%)
 TurkeyRepublican People's Party[124][125][126]CHPin oppositionTook Social Democratic Populist Party's place in 1995.[126]
129 / 600 (22%)
 UruguayNew Space[127][128]PNEin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1999.[35] Promoted to full member in 2003.[36][128]Party does not individually stand in elections but participates as part of the Broad Front.
 VenezuelaA New EraUNTextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as consultative member in 2013.[129] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[48]
0 / 277 (0%)
Democratic Action[130][131]ADin oppositionObserver member in 1966, consultative member in 1981, full member mid 1980s.[131]
11 / 277 (4%)
Popular WillVPextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as full member in December 2014.[83]
0 / 277 (0%)
 YemenYemeni Socialist PartyYSPin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 2003.[36] Promoted to consultative member in 2008.[59]
Promoted to full member in 2012.[87]
8 / 301 (3%)

Consultative parties

There are 19 consultative parties:[30][31]

CountryNameAbbrGovernmentNotesLower HouseUpper House
 BotswanaBotswana Democratic PartyBDPin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in June/July 2014.[60]
38 / 65 (58%)
 Democratic Republic of the CongoUnified Lumumbist PartyPALUin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in December 2014.[83] Upgraded to consultative in 2019.
17 / 500 (3%)
2 / 108 (2%)
 DjiboutiMovement for Democratic Renewal and DevelopmentMRD—Admitted as consultative members in 2019.
 EswatiniPeople's United Democratic MovementPUDEMO—Admitted as consultative member in 2013.[129] Political parties are banned in Eswatini.
 GabonGabonese Progress PartyPGP—Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[41]
0 / 143 (0%)
 GambiaUnited Democratic PartyUDPin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2012.[87]
15 / 58 (26%)
 GeorgiaSocial Democrats for the Development of GeorgiaSDDextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as consultative member in 2013.[129]
0 / 150 (0%)
 GhanaConvention People's PartyCPPextra-parliamentaryAdmitted as consultative member in 2018
0 / 275 (0%)
 Guinea-BissauAfrican Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape VerdePAIGCin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2008.[59]
47 / 102 (46%)
 IranDemocratic Party of Iranian KurdistanPDKI—Admitted as observer member in 1996.[41] Promoted to consultative member in 2008.[59] Officially banned in Iran.
Komala Party of Iranian KurdistanKPIK—Admitted as observer member in 2014[132] Promoted to consultative member in 2018 [133] Officially banned in Iran.
 PalestinePalestinian National Initiative[111]PNIin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Promoted to consultative member in 2012.[87]
2 / 132 (2%)
Palestinian Popular Struggle FrontPPSFjunior partner in coalitionAdmitted as consultative member in 2018.
0 / 132 (0%)
 Sahrawi RepublicPolisario FrontPOLISARIOin governmentAdmitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Promoted to consultative member in 2017.[134][135]
51 / 51 (100%)
 São Tomé and PríncipeMovement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic PartyMLSTP/PSDin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2013.[129]
18 / 55 (33%)
 SyriaDemocratic Union PartyPYDextra-parliamentary oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in November 2015.[48]
0 / 250 (0%)
 TogoDemocratic Convention of African PeoplesCDPAextra-parliamentary oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1999.[35]
0 / 91 (0%)
 UkraineSocial Democratic Party of Ukraine[136]SDPUextra-parliamentary oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36]
0 / 450 (0%)

Observer parties

There are eight observer parties:[30][31]

CountryNameAbbrGovernmentNotes
 EswatiniSwazi Democratic PartySWADEPA—Admitted as observer member in June/July 2014.[60]
 IrelandLabour Party[137][138]in opposition
 KenyaLabour Party of KenyaAdmitted as observer member in 2012.[87]
 KosovoVetëvendosjeVVin governmentAdmitted as observer member in 2018.
 LesothoLesotho Congress for DemocracyLCDjunior party in coalitionAdmitted as observer member in June/July 2014.[60]
 SerbiaSocial Democratic Party of SerbiaSDPSjunior party in coalitionAdmitted as observer member in 2018.
 SomalilandJustice and Welfare PartyJWPin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 2013 [139]
 United KingdomLabour Party[140]in oppositionMember since 1951.[140] Welsh Labour is in government in Wales and London Labour holds the London Mayoralty. The party asked to be downgraded to observer status in February 2013 "in view of ethical concerns, and to develop international co-operation through new networks."[141] The request was accepted later that year.
 United Kingdom (Northern Ireland)Social Democratic and Labour Party[142][143]SDLPin oppositionAdmitted as a full member in 1974.[143]

Former members

CountryNameAbbrNotes
 AlbaniaSocial Democratic Party of Albania[144]PSDAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Promoted to full member in 1996.[41][144] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 AlgeriaNational Liberation FrontFLNExpelled following the 2019 Algerian protests.
 AndorraNew DemocracyNDAdmitted as consultative member in 1999.[35]
 Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda Labour PartyALPAdmitted as consultative member in 2008.[59]
 ArgentinaPopular Socialist PartyPSPAdmitted as full member in 1992.[40] Merged with the Democratic Socialist Party to form the Socialist Party.
Socialist Party[145][146]PSFull member since 1951.[146]
 AzerbaijanAzerbaijani Social Democratic PartyASDPAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[41] Promoted to consultative member in 2003.[36] Readmitted as consultative member in June/July 2014.[60] Admitted as full member in 2016.[56] Party dissolved in 2023.[147]
 ArubaPeople's Electoral Movement[44]MEPPromoted to full member in 1992.[40] Full member since 1994.[44] Delisted in December 2014.
 AustraliaAustralian Labor Party[148]ALPAdmitted as full member in 1966.[148] Delisted in December 2014.
 AustriaSocial Democratic Party of AustriaSPÖAdmitted as a full member in 1951.[149] Delisted in 2022.
 BarbadosBarbados Labour Party[150]BLPAdmitted as full member in 1987.[150] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 BelgiumBelgian Socialist PartyPSB/BSPFounder member. Split in 1978.
ForwardDelisted in 2017.
 BeninDemocratic Union of Progressive ForcesUDFPAdmitted as observer member in 1992.[40]
Social Democratic Party[151]PSDAdmitted as consultative member in 1999.[35][151] Promoted to full member in 2003.[36][151]
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaAlliance of Independent Social DemocratsSNSDAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36] Promoted to full member in 2008[59] Expelled in August 2012.[87]
 BotswanaBotswana National FrontBNFAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[41]
 BoliviaRevolutionary Left Movement[152]MIRAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[52] Consultative member in 1987.[152] Promoted to full member in 1992.[40][152]
 BulgariaBulgarian Euro-LeftBEL[153]Admitted as observer member in 1999.[35]
 Burkina FasoParty for Democracy and Progress / Socialist Party[61]PDP/PSAdmitted as full member circa 1995.[61] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 BurundiFront for Democracy in BurundiFRODEBUAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30]
Delisted in December 2014.
 CanadaCo-operative Commonwealth FederationCCFBecame the New Democratic Party in 1961.
 CanadaNew Democratic Party[154]NDP/NPDDelisted in 2018.[155][failed verification]
 Central African RepublicMovement for Democracy and Social ProgressMDPSAdmitted as observer member in 1992.[40]
 IranKurdistan Democratic PartyKDPAdmitted as a full member in November 2015.[48] Party dissolved in 2022.[156]
 KyrgyzstanSocial Democratic Party of KyrgyzstanSDPK[157]
 Ivory CoastIvorian Popular Front[158]FPIAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Promoted to full member in 1996.[41][158] Expelled in March 2011.[19]
 ColombiaAlternative Democratic PolePDAFormer observer member. Delisted in December 2014.
M-19 Democratic AllianceAD/M-19Admitted as observer member in 1992.[40]
 CuraçaoPartido MANMANPromoted to full member in 1989.[53] Delisted in 2017.
 DenmarkSocial DemocratsSDFounding member. Withdrew in 2017.
 DominicaDominica Labour PartyDLPAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 EcuadorDemocratic Left[159]PIDMember since 1987.[159] Delisted in 2017.
 EgyptEgyptian Social Democratic PartyESDP (or HMDI in Arabic)Admitted as consultative member in 2012.[87] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[48] Delisted in 2019 due to non-payment of membership fees.
National Democratic Party[65]NDPAdmitted as full member in 1989.[53] Full member since 1992.[65] Expelled in January 2011.[160][161][162]
 El SalvadorDemocratic PartyPDAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[41]
 EstoniaSocial Democratic Party[163][164]SDEMember since 1990.[164] Withdrew in 2017.
 FijiFiji Labour PartyFLPAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Expelled in 2008, due to the party's participation in a government issued from a military coup.[59]
 FranceFrench Section of the Workers' InternationalSFIOFounding member. Member in 1951–1969.
 GeorgiaUnion of Citizens of GeorgiaCUGAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[41] Party disbanded in 2003.
 GermanySocial Democratic Party of GermanySPDFounding member. Withdrew in 2017.
 GreenlandSiumutAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[52] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 GuatemalaSocial Democratic Convergence[165]CSDAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36][165]
 HaitiParty of the National Congress of Democratic MovementsKONAKOMAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Promoted to full member in 1996.[41]
Struggling People's OrganizationOPLAdmitted (as Lavalas Political Organisation) as observer member in 1996.[41]
Revolutionary Progressive Nationalist PartyPANPRAAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[53] Promoted to full member in 1992.[40]
 HungarySocial Democratic Party of HungaryMSZDPMember since 1990. Admitted as observer member in 1992. Promoted to consultative member in 1999.

Promoted to full member in 2003. Delisted in 2020 due to inactivity

 IcelandSocial Democratic PartyAMember since 1987.[166] Formed Social Democratic Alliance in 2000.
Social Democratic AllianceSWithdrew in 2017.
 IranLeague of Iranian SocialistsJoined in 1960.[167] It was dissolved in 1980s.
 IsraelIsraeli Labor Party[84][69]AvodaUntil May 2020, it temporarily suspended membership in July 2018 over SI's adoption of BDS policies.[168]
 ItalyDemocratic Party of the LeftPDSAdmitted as full member in 1992.[40] Merged with others to form Democrats of the Left in 1998.
Democrats of the Left[169]DSFull member since 1992 as Democratic Party of the Left.[169] Merged with other movements to form the Democratic Party in 2007. Listed as SI member until XXIV Congress in 2012.
Italian Socialist PartyPSIParty dissolved in 1994 and succeeded by the Italian Socialists (who formed the Italian Democratic Socialists in 1998 and resumed as the Italian Socialist Party in 2007).
Italian Democratic Socialist PartyPSDIFounding member. Party merged into the Italian Democratic Socialists in 1998 (renamed into Italian Socialist Party in 2007).
 JapanDemocratic Socialist PartyDSP/Minsha-tōAdmitted as SI member in 1961.[170] Merged with non-socialist movements to form the New Frontier Party in 1994.
Japan Socialist PartyJSP/Shakai-tōAdmitted as SI member in 1951.[86] Refounded as the Social Democratic Party in 1996.
 JordanJordanian Democratic Party of the LeftJDPLAdmitted as observer member in 2003.[36]
 KyrgyzstanAta Meken Socialist Party[171]Admitted as observer member in 2008.[59]
 LatviaLatvian Social Democratic Workers' Party[172]LSDSPFull member since 1994.[172] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30]
Delisted in December 2014.
Social Democratic Party "Harmony"SDPSAdmitted as consultative member in June/July 2014.[60] Withdrew in 2017.
 North MacedoniaSocial Democratic Union of Macedonia[173][174][175]SDSMAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 2003.[36][175] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 MadagascarParty for National UnityVITMAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[53]
 MalaysiaDemocratic Action Party[176][131]DAPFull member since 1987.[131] Delisted in 2017.[176]
 MaltaLabour Party[177]PLFull member since 1955.[177] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 MexicoParty of the Democratic Revolution[178]PRDAdmitted as full member in 1996.[41][178]
 MoldovaSocial Democratic Party of MoldovaPSDMAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[41]
 MongoliaMongolian Social Democratic Party[98]MSDPAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40][98] Promoted to full member in 1996.[41] Merged with others in 2000 to form the Democratic Party.
 NamibiaCongress of DemocratsCoDAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 NetherlandsLabour Party[179]PvdADecided to minimise involvement in SI in December 2012.[180] Delisted in December 2014.
 New ZealandNew Zealand Labour Party[128]NZLPMember since 1952.[128] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
NicaraguaSandinista National Liberation FrontFSLNExpelled in January 2019 because of violation of human rights during the Nicaraguan protests
 NigeriaAll Progressives Congress[111]APCAdmitted as consultative member in December 2014.[83]
 North VietnamVietnamese Socialist Party[181]Consultative member between 1955 and 1969.[181]
 NorwayLabour Party[182][183]DNAMember since 1951.[183] Withdrew in 2016.
 ParaguayParty for a Country of Solidarity[184]PPSAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Revolutionary Febrerista Party[185][186]PRFAdmitted as full member in the 1970s.[186]
 PhilippinesAkbayanAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36]
 PolandDemocratic Left Alliance[187][188]SLDFull member since 1996.[188] Withdrew in 2017.
Labour Union[189]UPAdmitted as full member in 1996.[41][189] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30]
Delisted in December 2014.
Social Democracy of the Republic of PolandSdRPAdmitted as full member in 1996.[41] Absorbed into the Democratic Left Alliance in 1999.
 RomaniaDemocratic PartyPDAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[41] Promoted to full member in 1999.[35] Merged with the Liberal Democratic Party to form the Democratic Liberal Party.
 RussiaA Just Russia — Patriots — For Truth[190][191]SRZPAdmitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Promoted to consultative member in 2010. Promoted to full member in 2012.[87][192] Expelled in March 2022 for its support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[193]
 RussiaSocial Democratic Party of RussiaSDPRAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36]
 Saint Kitts and NevisSaint Kitts and Nevis Labour PartySKNLPAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 Saint LuciaProgressive Labour PartyExpelled in 1992.[40]
Saint Lucia Labour PartySLPAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Vincent Labour PartySVGLPAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[53] Merged with the Movement for National Unity in 1994 to form the Unity Labour Party.
Unity Labour PartyULPDemoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 SerbiaDemocratic Party[194]DSAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Social Democratic Party[194]SDPAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Ceased to exist in 2009[194]
 SingaporePeople's Action PartyPAPResigned in 1976 in response to the Dutch Labour Party's charges of violations of human rights and detention of political prisoners without trial,[195] and DLP and the British Labour Party's charges of media censorship.[196][197]
 SlovakiaParty of the Democratic LeftSDĽAdmitted as full member in 1996.[41] Merged with Direction – Social Democracy in 2005.
Social Democratic Party of SlovakiaSDSSAdmitted as full member in 1992.[40] Merged with Direction – Social Democracy in 2005.
 SloveniaSlovenian Democratic PartySDSAdmitted (as the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia) as observer member in 1992.[40]
Social Democrats[198]SDAdmitted (as United List of Social Democrats) as full member in 1996.[41][198] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[30] Delisted in December 2014.
 SwedenSwedish Social Democratic PartySAPWithdrew in March 2017.[199]
 SwitzerlandSocial Democratic Party of Switzerland[200]SP/PSWithdrew in 2017.
 TanzaniaChama Cha MapinduziCCMAdmitted as full member in 2013.
 Timor-LesteRevolutionary Front for an Independent East TimorFRETILINAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36]
 TunisiaDemocratic Constitutional Rally[51]RCDAdmitted as full member in 1989.[53] Full member since 1993.[51] Expelled in January 2011.[17]
Popular Unity MovementMUPAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[53]
 TurkeyDemocratic Left PartyDSPAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[52] Expelled in 1992.[40]
Democratic People's PartyDEHAPAdmitted as observer member in 2003.[36] Merged with the Democratic Society Movement to form the Democratic Society Party which in turn was succeeded by the Peace and Democracy Party.
Social Democracy Party[126]SODEPFull member since 1990.[126] Merged with the Republican People's Party in 1995.[126]
Social Democratic Populist PartySHPAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[52] Promoted to full member in 1989.[53] Merged with the Republican People's Party in 1995.
 UkraineSocialist Party of UkraineSPUAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36] Expelled in July 2011.[201]
 United StatesDemocratic Socialists of AmericaDSAHad been a member of SI since founding in 1982, withdrew in August 2017.[202]
Social Democrats, USA[198]SDUSAMember since 1972.[198] Withdrew in 2005.
 UruguayParty for the Government of the PeoplePGPAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[40] Merged with the Colorado Party in 1994.
Socialist Party of Uruguay[203]PSUAAdmitted as full member in 1999.[35][203] Withdrew in 2017.[204]
 VenezuelaFor Social DemocracyPODEMOSAdmitted as consultative member in 2008.[59]
Movement for SocialismMASAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[36]
 ZambiaPatriotic FrontPFAdmitted as consultative member in 2013.[129]
 ZimbabweMovement for Democratic ChangeMDCAdmitted as full member in 2008.[59] Delisted in 2017.

Fraternal organisations

Associated organisations

See also

Left-wing Internationals

Chronologically by ideology:

United left wing
Anarchist
Socialist & labour
Communist
Trotskyist
Democratic socialism
  • Socialist International (est. 1951)
Reunification efforts
  • Fifth International, phrase referring to socialist and communist groups aspiring to create a new workers' international

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Retrieved from "https:https://www.search.com.vn/wiki/index.php?lang=en&q=Socialist_International&oldid=1220457203"
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