Solubility chart

A solubility chart is a chart describing whether the ionic compounds formed from different combinations of cations and anions dissolve in or precipitate from solution.

The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C (298.15 K)). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate. For detailed information on exact solubility of compounds, see solubility table.

For compounds with multiple hydrates, the solubility of the most soluble hydrate is shown.

Some compounds like nickel oxalate will not precipitate immediately even though they are insoluble, requiring a few minutes to precipitate out.^[1]

Ions names and symbols	Halogens					Chalcogens				Pnictogens		Crystallogens
Ions names and symbols	Fluoride F⁻	Chloride Cl⁻	Bromide Br⁻	Iodide I⁻	Perchlorate ClO⁻ ₄	Oxide O²⁻	Hydroxide OH⁻	Sulfide S²⁻	Sulfate SO²⁻ ₄	Nitrate NO⁻ ₃^[a]	Phosphate PO³⁻ ₄	Carbonate CO²⁻ ₃^[a]	Cyanide CN⁻	Thiocyanate SCN⁻	Acetate C ₂H ₃O⁻ ₂	Oxalate C ₂O²⁻ ₄
Hydrogen H⁺	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	sS	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Ammonium NH⁺ ₄^[a]	S	S	S	S	S	S^[b]	S	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Lithium Li⁺	sS	S	S	S	S	R	S	R	S	S	sS	sS	S	S	S	S
Sodium Na⁺	S	S	S	S	S	R	S	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Potassium K⁺	S	S	S	S	sS	R	S	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Rubidium Rb⁺	S	S	S	S	sS	R	S	R	S	S	S	S	S	S^[3]	S	S
Caesium Cs⁺	S	S	S	S	sS	R	S	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Beryllium Be²⁺	S	S	S	R	S^[4]	I	I	R	S	S	I	sS	R	S^[5]	S	S
Magnesium Mg²⁺	sS	S	S	S	S	R	I	R	S	S	I	sS	R	S^[6]	S	sS
Calcium Ca²⁺	I	S	S	S	S	R	sS	R	sS	S	I	I	R	S^[7]	S	sS
Strontium Sr²⁺	sS	S	S	S	S	R	sS	R	sS	S	sS	I	S	S^[8]	S	I
Barium Ba²⁺	sS	S	S	S	S	R	S	R	I	S	I^[9]	sS	S	S	S	I
Aluminium Al³⁺	sS	S	S	S^[c]	S^[10]	I	I	R	S	S	I	R	R	S^[11]	S	I
Gallium Ga³⁺	I	S	S	R	S^[10]	I	I	R	sS	S	I	R	R	S^[12]	S	?
Manganese(II) Mn²⁺	sS	S	S	S	S^[13]	I	I	I	S	S	I	I	S	S^[14]	S	I
Iron(II) Fe²⁺	sS	S	S	S	S	I	I	I	S	S	I	I	S	S	S	sS
Cobalt(II) Co²⁺	sS	S	S	S	S^[15]	I	I	I	S	S	I	I	I	S	S	I
Nickel(II) Ni²⁺	S	S	S	S	S	I	I	I	S	S	I	I	I	S	S	I^[1]
Copper(II) Cu²⁺	sS	S	S	?	S	I	I	I	S	S	I	I^[d]	I	I	S	I
Zinc Zn²⁺	sS	S	S	S	S^[16]	I	I	I	S	S	I	I	I	S^[17]	S	I
Cadmium Cd²⁺	S	S	S	S	S^[18]	I	I	I	S	S	I	I	sS	sS^[17]	S	I
Mercury(II) Hg²⁺	R	S	sS	I	S^[19]	I	I	I	R	S	I	I	S	sS	S	sS^[20]
Vanadium(III) V³⁺	I	S	S	S	S^[21]	I	I	I	sS	S	I	?	?	S	?	?
Chromium(III) Cr³⁺	sS	S	S	S	S	I	I	I	S	S	I	I	S	S	S	?
Iron(III) Fe³⁺	S^[e]	S	S	R	S^[22]	I	I	I	S	S	sS	R^[23]	S	S^[24]	S^[25]^[f]	sS
Gold(III) Au³⁺	R	S	sS	?	?	I	I	I	?	?	I	I	S	?	sS	?
Tin(II) Sn²⁺	S	S	S	S	S^[26]	I	I	I	S	?	I	I	?	I^[27]	R	sS
Lead(II) Pb²⁺	sS	sS	sS	sS	S	I	sS	I	I	S	I	I	sS	sS	S	I
Silver Ag⁺	S	I	I	I	S	I	I	I	sS	S	I	I	I	I	sS	I
Mercury(I) Hg²⁺ ₂	R	I	I	I	S^[28]	I	?	?	sS	S^[g]	?	I	I	?	S^[29]^[g]	?
	Fluoride F⁻	Chloride Cl⁻	Bromide Br⁻	Iodide I⁻	Perchlorate ClO⁻ ₄	Oxide O²⁻	Hydroxide OH⁻	Sulfide S²⁻	Sulfate SO²⁻ ₄	Nitrate NO⁻ ₃^[a]	Phosphate PO³⁻ ₄	Carbonate CO²⁻ ₃^[a]	Cyanide CN⁻	Thiocyanate SCN⁻	Acetate C ₂H ₃O⁻ ₂	Oxalate C ₂O²⁻ ₄

Key
S	highly soluble or miscible	≥20 g/L
sS	slightly soluble	0.1~20 g/L
I	relatively insoluble	<0.1 g/L
R	reacts with or in water	—
?	unavailable	—

Notes

References

[1]

[a]

[b]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[c]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[d]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[e]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[f]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[g]

[29]

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Solubility chart

See also

Notes

References