Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge
Zirconium, 40Zr |
Zirconium |
---|
Pronunciation | (zur-KOH-nee-əm) |
---|
Appearance | sillery white |
---|
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Zr) | 7001912240000000000♠91.224(2)[1] |
---|
Zirconium in the periodic cairt |
---|
|
Atomic nummer (Z) | 40 |
---|
Group | group 4 |
---|
Period | period 5 |
---|
Block | d-block |
---|
Element category | Transeetion metal |
---|
Electron confeeguration | [Kr] 4d2 5s2 |
---|
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 |
---|
Pheesical properties |
---|
Phase at STP | solit |
---|
Meltin pynt | 2128 K (1855 °C, 3371 °F) |
---|
Bylin pynt | 4682 K (4409 °C, 7968 °F) |
---|
Density (near r.t.) | 6.52 g/cm3 |
---|
when liquid (at m.p.) | 5.8 g/cm3 |
---|
Heat o fusion | 14 kJ/mol |
---|
Heat o vapourisation | 573 kJ/mol |
---|
Molar heat capacity | 25.36 J/(mol·K) |
---|
Vapour pressurP (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
---|
at T (K) | 2639 | 2891 | 3197 | 3575 | 4053 | 4678 |
---|
|
Atomic properties |
---|
Oxidation states | −2, +1,[2] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) |
---|
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.33 |
---|
Atomic radius | empirical: 160 pm |
---|
Covalent radius | 175±7 pm |
---|
Spectral lines o zirconium |
Ither properties |
---|
Naitural occurrence | primordial |
---|
Creestal structur | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
---|
Speed o soond thin rod | 3800 m/s (at 20 °C) |
---|
Thermal expansion | 5.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
---|
Thermal conductivity | 22.6 W/(m·K) |
---|
Electrical resistivity | 421 n Ω·m (at 20 °C) |
---|
Magnetic orderin | paramagnetic[3] |
---|
Young's modulus | 88 GPa |
---|
Shear modulus | 33 GPa |
---|
Bulk modulus | 91.1 GPa |
---|
Poisson ratio | 0.34 |
---|
Mohs haurdness | 5.0 |
---|
Vickers haurdness | 903 MPa |
---|
Brinell haurdness | 650 MPa |
---|
CAS Nummer | 7440-67-7 |
---|
History |
---|
Diskivery | Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789) |
---|
First isolation | Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1824) |
---|
Main isotopes o zirconium |
---|
Isotope | Abundance | Hauf-life (t1/2) | Decay mode | Product |
---|
88Zr | syn | 83.4 d | ε | 88Y |
---|
γ | - | 89Zr | syn | 78.4 h | ε | 89Y |
---|
β+ | 89Y | γ | - | 90Zr | 51.45% | stable |
---|
91Zr | 11.22% | stable |
---|
92Zr | 17.15% | stable |
---|
93Zr | trace | 1.53×106 y | β− | 93Nb |
---|
94Zr | 17.38% | >1.1×1017 y | (β−β−) | 94Mo |
---|
96Zr | 2.8% | 2.0×1019 y[4] | β−β− | 96Mo |
---|
|
Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed |
| references |
style="text-align:left"| |
---|
| in | calc from C | diff | report | ref |
---|
C | 1855 | — | — | | |
K | 2128 | 2128 | 0 | | |
F | 3371 | 3371 | 0 | | |
WD | 3375 !3375 Fahrenheit | | | |
input | C: 1855, K: 2128, F: 3371 |
comment | |
style="text-align:left"| |
---|
| in | calc from C | diff | report | ref |
---|
C | 4409 | — | — | | |
K | 4682 | 4682 | 0 | | |
F | 7968 | 7968 | 0 | | |
WD | 6471 !6471 Fahrenheit | | | |
input | C: 4409, K: 4682, F: 7968 |
comment | |
References