Tungsten

Tungsten, kent as wolfram an aa, is a chemical element wi the chemical seembol W an atomic nummer 74. The wird tungsten comes frae the Swadish leid tung sten directly translatable tae hivy stane,^[5] tho the name is volfram in Swadish fur tae distinguish it frae Scheelite, at in Swadish is alternatively named tungsten.

Tungsten, ₇₄W

Tungsten
Pronunciation	/ˈtʌŋstən/ ​(TUNG-stən)
Appearance	riach, lustrous
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(W)	7002183840000000000♠183.84(1)[1]
Tungsten in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium Mo ↑ W ↓ Sg tantalum ← tungsten → rhenium
Atomic nummer (Z)	74
Group	group 6
Period	period 6
Block	d-block
Element category	Transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2[2]
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	3695 K ​(3422 °C, ​6192 °F)
Bylin pynt	5828 K ​(5555 °C, ​10031 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	19.25 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	17.6 g/cm3
Creetical pynt	13892 K,  MPa
Heat o fusion	35.3 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	806.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.27 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 3477 3773 4137 4579 5127 5823
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.36
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	162±7 pm
Spectral lines o tungsten
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	​body-centred cubic (bcc)
Speed o soond thin rod	(annealed) 4620 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	52.8 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderin	paramagnetic[3]
Young's modulus	411 GPa
Shear modulus	161 GPa
Bulk modulus	310 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.28
Mohs haurdness	7.5
Vickers haurdness	3430 MPa
Brinell haurdness	2570 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-33-7
History
Diskivery	Torbern Bergman (1781)
First isolation	Juan José Elhuyar an Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Main isotopes o tungsten
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 180W 0.12% 1.8×1018 y α 176Hf 181W syn 121.2 d ε 181Ta 182W 26.50% >1.7×1020 y (α) 178Hf 183W 14.31% >8×1019 y (α) 179Hf 184W 30.64% >1.8×1020 y (α) 180Hf 185W syn 75.1 d β− 185Re 186W 28.43% >4.1×1018 y (α) 182Hf (β−β−) 186Os
Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed
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