Dysprosium

Dysprosium is a chemical element wi the seembol Dy an atomic nummer 66. It is a rare yird element wi a metallic siller luster. Dysprosium is never foond in naitur as a free element, tho it is foond in sindry minerals, sic as xenotime. Naiturally occurrin dysprosium is componed o 7 isotopes, the maist abundant o which is ¹⁶⁴Dy.

Dysprosium, ₆₆Dy

Dysprosium
Pronunciation	/dɪsˈproʊziəm/ ​(dis-PROH-zee-əm)
Appearance	sillery white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Dy)	7002162500000000000♠162.500(1)[1]
Dysprosium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium - ↑ Dy ↓ Cf terbium ← dysprosium → holmium
Atomic nummer (Z)	66
Group	group n/a
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Element category	Lanthanide
Electron confeeguration	[Xe] 4f10 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	1680 K ​(1407 °C, ​2565 °F)
Bylin pynt	2840 K ​(2562 °C, ​4653 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	8.540 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	8.37 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	11.06 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	280 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.7 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1378 1523 (1704) (1954) (2304) (2831)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0,[2] +1, +2, +3, +4 waikly basic
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.22
Atomic radius	empirical: 178 pm
Covalent radius	192±7 pm
Spectral lines o dysprosium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed o soond thin rod	2710 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (α, poly) 9.9 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	10.7 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) 926 n Ω·m
Magnetic orderin	paramagnetic at 300 K
Young's modulus	(α form) 61.4 GPa
Shear modulus	(α form) 24.7 GPa
Bulk modulus	(α form) 40.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	(α form) 0.247
Vickers haurdness	540 MPa
Brinell haurdness	500 MPa
CAS Nummer	7429-91-6
History
Diskivery	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886)
Main isotopes o dysprosium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 154Dy syn 3.0×106 y α 150Gd 156Dy 0.06% >1×1018 y α 152Gd β+β+ 156Gd 158Dy 0.10% stable 160Dy 2.34% stable 161Dy 18.91% stable 162Dy 25.51% stable 163Dy 24.90% stable 164Dy 28.18% stable
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Dysprosium wis first identified in 1886 bi Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, but wis nae isolatit in pur fairm till the development o ion exchange techniques in the 1950s. Dysprosium is uised for its heich thermal neutron absorption cross-section in makin control rods in nuclear reactors, for its heich magnetic susceptibility in data storage applications, an as a component o Terfenol-D. Soluble dysprosium salts are mildly toxic, while the insoluble salts are considered non-toxic.