User:MeritedElm63160/Help:IPA
Here is a basic key to the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Several rare IPA symbols are not included. These IPA symbols are found in the main IPA article.
| Contents: | Top – 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
|---|
Main symbols
| Symbol | Examples |
|---|---|
^ top A | |
[a] ( listen) | German Mann, French gare |
| [ä] ( listen) | Mandarin 他 tā, American English father, Spanish casa, French patte |
| [ɐ] ( listen) | RP cut, German Kaiserslautern |
| [ɑ] ( listen) | RP father, French pâte, Dutch bad |
| [ɑ̃] ( listen) | French Caen, sans, temps |
| [ɒ] ( listen) | RP cot |
| [ʌ] ( listen) | American English cut |
| [æ] ( listen) | RP cat |
^ top B | |
| [b] ( listen) | English babble |
| [ɓ] ( listen) | Swahili bwana |
| [β] ( listen) | Spanish la Bamba, Kinyarwanda abana "children", Korean 무궁화 [muɡuŋβwa̠] mugunghwa |
| [ʙ] ( listen) | Nias simbi [siʙi] "lower jaw" |
^ top C | |
| [c] ( listen) | Turkish kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow", Greek και "and" |
| [ç] ( listen) | German Ich |
| [ɕ] ( listen) | Mandarin 西安 Xi'an, Polish ściana |
| [ɔ] ( listen) | see under O |
^ top D | |
| [d] ( listen) | English dad |
| [ɗ] ( listen) | Swahili Dodoma |
| [ɖ] ( listen) | American English harder |
| [ð] ( listen) | English the, bathe |
| [dz] ( listen) | English adds, Italian zero |
| [dʒ] ( listen) | English judge |
| [dʑ] ( listen) | Polish niedźwiedź "bear" |
| [dʐ] ( listen) | Polish dżem "jam" |
^ top E | |
| [e] ( listen) | Spanish fe; French clé, German Klee |
| [ɘ] ( listen) | Australian English bird |
| [ə] ( listen) | English above, Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief" |
| [ɚ] ( listen) | American English runner |
| [ɛ] ( listen) | English bet |
| [ɛ̃] ( listen) | French Saint-Étienne, vin, main |
| [ɜ] ( listen) | RP bird (long) |
| [ɝ] ( listen) | American English bird |
^ top F | |
| [f] ( listen) | English fun |
| [ɟ] ( listen) | see under J |
| [ʄ] ( listen) | see under J |
^ top G | |
| [ɡ] ( listen) | English gag |
| [ɠ] ( listen) | Swahili Uganda |
| [ɢ] ( listen) | |
| [ʒ] ( listen) | see under Z |
^ top H | |
| [h] ( listen) | American English house |
| [ɦ] ( listen) | English ahead, when said quickly. |
| [ʰ] | |
| [ħ] ( listen) | Arabic مُحَمَّد Muhammad |
| [ɥ] ( listen) | see under Y |
| [ɮ] ( listen) | see under L |
^ top I | |
| [i] ( listen) | English sea, French ville, Spanish Valladolid |
| [ɪ] ( listen) | English sit |
| [ɨ] ( listen) | Russian ты "you" |
^ top J | |
| [j] ( listen) | English yes, hallelujah, German Junge |
| [ʲ] | In Russian Ленин [ˈlʲenʲɪn] |
| [ʝ] ( listen) | Spanish cayo (some dialects) |
| [ɟ] ( listen) | Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole" |
| [ʄ] ( listen) | Swahili jambo |
^ top K | |
| [k] ( listen) | English kick, skip |
^ top L | |
| [l] ( listen) | English leaf |
| [ɫ] ( listen) | English wool Russian малый [ˈmɑɫɨj] "small" |
| [ɬ] ( listen) | Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] "grey" Zulu hlala [ɬaːla] "sit" |
| [ɭ] ( listen) | |
| [ɺ] ( listen) | |
| [ɮ] ( listen) | Zulu dla "eat" |
| [ʟ] ( listen) | |
^ top M | |
| [m] ( listen) | English mime |
| [ɱ] ( listen) | English symphony |
| [ɯ] ( listen) | see under W |
| [ʍ] ( listen) | see under W |
^ top N | |
| [n] ( listen) | English nun |
| [ŋ] ( listen) | English sing, Māori nga |
| [ɲ] ( listen) | Spanish Peña, French champagne |
| [ɳ] ( listen) | Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ] Varuna |
| [ɴ] ( listen) | Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan] |
^ top O | |
| [o] ( listen) | Spanish no, French eau, German Boden |
| [ɔ] ( listen) | German Oldenburg, French Garonne |
| [ɔ̃] ( listen) | French Lyon, son |
| [ø] ( listen) | French feu, bœufs, German Goethe |
| [ɵ] ( listen) | Dutch hut, French je, Swedish dum |
| [œ] ( listen) | French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen |
| [œ̃] ( listen) | French brun, parfum |
| [ɶ] ( listen) | |
| [θ] ( listen) | see under Others |
| [ɸ] ( listen) | see under Others |
^ top P | |
| [p] ( listen) | English pip |
^ top Q | |
| [q] ( listen) | Arabic قُرْآن Qur’ān |
^ top R | |
| [r] ( listen) | Spanish perro, Scots borrow |
| [ɾ] ( listen) | Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie |
| [ʀ] ( listen) | Dutch rood and German rot (some speakers) |
| [ɽ] ( listen) | Hindi साड़ी [sɑːɽiː] "sari" |
| [ɹ] ( listen) | RP borrow |
| [ɻ] ( listen) | Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", American English borrow, butter |
| [ʁ] ( listen) | French Paris, German Riemann (some dialects) |
^ top S | |
| [s] ( listen) | English sass |
| [ʃ] ( listen) | English shoe |
| [ʂ] ( listen) | Mandarin 少林 (Shàolín), Russian Пушкин (Pushkin) |
^ top T | |
| [t] ( listen) | English tot, stop |
| [ʈ] ( listen) | Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief" |
| [ts] ( listen) | English cats, Russian царь tsar |
| [tʃ] ( listen) | English church |
| [tɕ] ( listen) | Mandarin 北京 Běijīng ( listen (help·info)), Polish ciebie "you" |
| [tʂ] ( listen) | Mandarin 真正 zhēnzhèng, Polish czas |
^ top U | |
| [u] ( listen) | American English food, French vous "you", German Schumacher |
| [ʊ] ( listen) | English foot, German Bundesrepublik |
| [ʉ] ( listen) | Australian English food (long) |
| [ɥ] ( listen) | see under Y |
| [ɯ] ( listen) | see under W |
^ top V | |
| [v] ( listen) | English verve |
| [ʋ] ( listen) | Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳə] "Varuna" |
| [ɤ] ( listen) | see under Y |
| [ɣ] ( listen) | see under Y |
| [ʌ] ( listen) | see under A |
^ top W | |
| [w] ( listen) | English wow |
| [ʷ] | |
| [ʍ] ( listen) | what (some dialects) |
| [ɯ] ( listen) | Turkish kayık "caïque", Scottish Gaelic gaol |
| [ɰ] ( listen) | Spanish agua |
^ top X | |
| [x] ( listen) | Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хороший [xɐˈroʂɨj] "good", Spanish joven |
| [χ] ( listen) | northern Standard Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan] |
^ top Y | |
| [y] ( listen) | French rue, German Bülow |
| [ʏ] ( listen) | German Düsseldorf |
| [ɣ] ( listen) | Arabic غَالِي ghālī and Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro |
| [ɤ] ( listen) | Mandarin 河南 Hénán, Scottish Gaelic taigh |
| [ʎ] ( listen) | Italian tagliatelle |
| [ɥ] ( listen) | French lui |
^ top Z | |
| [z] ( listen) | English zoo |
| [ʒ] ( listen) | English vision, French journal |
| [ʑ] ( listen) | old-styled Russian позже [ˈpoʑːe] "later", Polish źle |
| [ʐ] ( listen) | Russian жир "fat" |
| [ɮ] ( listen) | see under L |
^ top Others | |
| [θ] ( listen) | English thigh, bath |
| [ɸ] ( listen) | Japanese 富士 [ɸɯdʑi] Fuji, Māori [ˌɸaːɾeːˈnuiː] wharenui |
| [ʔ] ( listen) | English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German die Angst |
| [ʕ] ( listen) | Arabic عَرَبِيّ ʻarabī "Arabic" |
| [ǀ] ( listen) | English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring" |
| [ǁ] ( listen) | English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog" |
| [ǃ] ( listen) | Zulu iqaqa "polecat" |
| [ʘ] ( listen) | ǂ’Amkoe ʘoa "two" |
| [ǂ] ( listen) | Khoekhoe ǂgā-amǃnâ [ǂàʔám̀ᵑǃã̀] "to put in the mouth" |
Marks added to letters
Several marks can be added above, below, before or after letters. The complete list is shown at International Phonetic Alphabet § Diacritics and prosodic notation.
| Symbol | Example |
|---|---|
| Signs above a letter | |
| [ã] | French vin blanc [vɛ̃ blɑ̃] "white wine" |
| [ä] | Portuguese vá [vä] "go" |
| Signs below a letter | |
| [a̯] | English cow [kʰaʊ̯], koi [kʰɔɪ̯] |
| [n̥] | English boy [b̥ɔɪ̯], doe [d̥oʊ̯] (see also) |
| [n̩] | English button |
| [d̪] | Spanish dos, French deux |
| Signs next to a letter | |
| [kʰ] | English come |
| [k’] | Zulu ukuza "come" |
| [aː] | English shh! [ʃː] |
| [aˑ] | RP caught [ˈkʰɔˑt] |
| [ˈa] | pronunciation [pɹ̥əʊ̯ˌnɐnsiˈeɪʃn̩] |
| [ˌa] | |
| [.] | English courtship [ˈkʰɔrt.ʃɪp] |
Computer input using on-screen keyboard
Online IPA keyboard utilities are available.
For iOS there are free IPA keyboard layouts, e.g. IPA Phonetic Keyboard.
Related pages
Other websites
- Official interactive IPA chart with letter descriptions, audio, and input assist
- IPA pronunciation chart with audio
- MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts
- Ultrasound and MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts
- Getting JAWS 6.1 to recognize "exotic" Unicode symbols – for help on getting the screen reader JAWS to read IPA symbols
- IPA Reader – web-based IPA synthesizer using Amazon Polly
- Wikipedia IPA Speaker – Chrome extension
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