Chemical element with atomic number 14Àdàkọ:SHORTDESC:Chemical element with atomic number 14
Sílíkọ́nù, 14Si |
| Sílíkọ́nù |
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| Pípè | |
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| Ìhànsójú | crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces |
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| Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Si) | [28.084, 28.086] conventional: 28.085 |
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| Sílíkọ́nù ní orí tábìlì àyè |
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| Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z) | 14 |
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| Ẹgbẹ́ | group 14 (carbon group) |
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| Àyè | àyè 3 |
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| Àdìpọ̀ | Àdìpọ̀-p |
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| Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì | Metalloid |
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| Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù | [Ne] 3s2 3p2 |
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| Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan | 2, 8, 4 |
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| Àwọn ohun ìní ara |
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| Ìfarahàn at STP | solid |
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| Ìgbà ìyọ́ | 1687 K (1414 °C, 2577 °F) |
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| Ígbà ìhó | 3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F) |
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| Kíki (near r.t.) | 2.3290 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 2.57 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 50.21 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of | 359 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 19.789 J/(mol·K) |
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pressure| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
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| at T (K) | 1908 | 2102 | 2339 | 2636 | 3021 | 3537 |
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| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[1] +1,[2] +2, +3, +4 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.90 |
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| energies | |
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 111 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 111 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 210 pm |
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 Color lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines of sílíkọ́nù |
| Other properties |
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| Natural occurrence | primordial |
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| Crystal structure | |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 8433 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 2.6 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 149 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 103[3] Ω·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[4] |
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| Young's modulus | 130-188[5] GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 51-80[5] GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 97.6[5] GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.064 - 0.28[5] |
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| Mohs hardness | 7 |
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| CAS Number | 7440-21-3 |
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| History |
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| Prediction | Antoine Lavoisier (1787) |
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| Discovery | Jöns Jacob Berzelius[6][7] (1824) |
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| First isolation | Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1824) |
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| Named by | Thomas Thomson (1831) |
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| Main isotopes of sílíkọ́nù |
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| Isotope | Abundance | Half-life (t1/2) | Decay mode | Product |
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| 28Si | 92.23% | 28Si is stable with 14 neutrons | | 29Si | 4.67% | 29Si is stable with 15 neutrons | | 30Si | 3.1% | 30Si is stable with 16 neutrons | | 32Si | trace | 153 y | β− | 13.020 | 32P |
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