Ûi-thoân-thé
Ûi-thoân-thé (Tek-gí: genom; Eng-gí: genome) sī chi̍t-ê seng-bu̍t kò-thé ê só͘-ū ûi-thôan sìn-sit. It-poaⁿ sī DNA phian-bé (encode), iā ū chi̍t kóa pēⁿ-to̍k sī RNA phian-bé. Ûi-thoân-thé lāi-té pau-hâm ûi-thoân-chú kap hui-phian-bé sū-lia̍t (non-coding sequence).
Múi chi̍t khóan seng-bu̍t ê ûii-thoân-thé chhùn-chhioh (genome size) kap ûi-thoân-chú sò͘-liōng lóng bô saⁿ sio-kāng, sò͘-liōng siāng-chē tāi-iok 60,000 ê, sī chi̍t-chióng gôan-seng-tōng-bu̍t (protozoan). Lâng (Homo sapiens) ê ûi-thoân-thé lāi-bīn tāi-iok ū 20000 kàu 25000 ê ûi-thoân-chú[1], iû 30 ek ê iâm-ki tùi (base pair, bp) lâi chó͘-sêng.
"Genom" chit-ê bêng-sû sī Tek-kok kho-ha̍k-ka Hans Winkler tī 1920 nî só͘ chhòng-chō, sī "gen" (ûi-thoân-chú) kap "-ome" (chóng-thé) nn̄g ê jī ê ha̍p-thé. Choan-bûn gián-kiù ûi-thoân-thé ê ha̍k-kho hō-chòe ûi-thoân-thé-ha̍k (genomics), gián-kiù lāi-iông chú-iàu sī chi̍t-khóan seng-bu̍t ê chéng-thé ûi-thoân-thé.
Kok-chióng seng-bu̍t ê ûi-thoân-thé pí-kàu
| Seng-bu̍t | Chhùn-chhioh b=base pairs | Note |
|---|---|---|
| pēⁿ-to̍k, Bacteriophage MS2 | 3.569×103b | Siāng-chá chhek-tēng (sequence) chhut-lâi ê RNA-genom[2] |
| pēⁿ-to̍k, SV40 | 5.224×103b | [3] |
| pēⁿ-to̍k, Phage Φ-X174; | 5.386×103b | Siāng-chá chhek-tēng chhut-lâi ê DNA ûi-thoân-thé[4] |
| pēⁿ-to̍k, Phage λ | 50×104b | |
| Sè-khún, Haemophilus influenzae | 1.83×106b | Siāng-chá chhek-tēng chhut-lâi ê ûi-thoân-thé[5] |
| Sè-khún, Carsonella ruddii | 1.60×105b | Siāng-sió ê hui-pēⁿ-to̍k ûi-thoân-thé, Feb 2007 |
| Sè-khún, Buchnera aphidicola | 6×105b | |
| Sè-khún, Wigglesworthia glossinidia | 7×105b | |
| Sè-khún, Escherichia coli | 4×106b | [6] |
| Amoeba, Amoeba dubia | 6.7×1011b | Bo̍k-chêng chai-iáⁿ siāng-tōa ê ûi-thoân-thé, Dec 2005 |
| Si̍t-bu̍t, Arabidopsis thaliana | 1.57×108b | Siāng-chá chhek-tēng chhut-lâi ê si̍t-bu̍t ûi-thoân-thé[7] |
| Si̍t-bu̍t, Genlisea margaretae | 6.34×107b | |
| Si̍t-bu̍t, Fritillaria assyrica | 1.3×1011b | |
| Si̍t-bu̍t, Populus trichocarpa | 4.80×108b | |
| kàⁿ-bó (yeast), Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 2×107b | [8] |
| Fungus, Aspergillus nidulans | 3×107b | |
| Nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans | 9.8×107b | [9] |
| Khun-thiông, Drosophila melanogaster | 1.3×108b | [10] |
| Khun-thiông, Bombyx mori | 5.3×108b | |
| Khun-thiông, Apis mellifera | 1.77×109b | |
| Hî, Tetraodon nigroviridis | 3.85×108b | |
| Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, Homo sapiens | 3.2×109b | |
| Hî, Protopterus aethiopicus | 1.30×1011b |
Chham-khó chu-liāu
Koan-liân bûn-chiuⁿ
- Liám-sek-thé (chromosome)
