Shaye-shaye
Shaye-shaye, wanda kuma aka sani da rashin amfani da barasa (AUD),[1] shine, gabadaya, duk wani shan barasa wanda ke haifar da matsalolin tunani ko na jiki.[2][3][4] A baya an raba cutar zuwa nau'i biyu: shan barasa da kuma barasa.[3][5] A cikin yanayin likita, an ce shaye-shaye yana wanzuwa lokacin da abubuwa biyu ko fiye da haka sun kasance: mutum yana shan barasa mai yawa na tsawon lokaci, yana da wahalar yankewa, samun da shan barasa yana daukar lokaci mai yawa. , Barasa yana da karfi sosai, sakamakon amfani da rashin cika nauyin nauyi, sakamakon amfani da shi a cikin matsalolin zamantakewa, sakamakon amfani da matsalolin kiwon lafiya, sakamakon amfani da shi a cikin yanayi mai hadari, janyewa yana faruwa a lokacin tsayawa, kuma hakurin barasa ya faru tare da amfani.[3] Yin amfani da barasa na iya shafar dukkan sassan jiki, amma yana shafar kwakwalwa, zuciya, hanta, pancreas da tsarin rigakafi.[4][6] Shaye-shaye na iya haifar da tabin hankali, delirium tremens, ciwo na Wernicke-Korsakoff, bugun zuciya na yau da kullun, rashin amsawar rigakafi, hanta cirrhosis da hadaka hadarin kansa.[4][6][7] Sha a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da rashin lafiyar barasa na tayin.[8] Gabadaya mata sun fi maza kula da illolin barasa, da farko saboda karancin nauyin jikinsu, karancin ƙarfin sarrafa barasa, da yawan kitsen jiki.[9]
Shaye-shaye | |
---|---|
Description (en) | |
Iri | alcohol abuse (en) , dependence syndrome (en) substance use disorder (en) |
Specialty (en) | psychiatry (en) , medical toxicology (en) , Ilimin halin dan Adam, vocational rehabilitation (en) narcology (en) |
Sanadi | alcohol consumption (en) |
Effect (en) | Marchiafava-Bignami disease (en) , Cirrhosis, alcohol amnestic disorder (en) Gazawar zuciya |
Identifier (en) | |
ICD-10 | F10 |
ICD-9 | 303 |
OMIM | 103780 |
DiseasesDB | alcoholism |
MedlinePlus | 000944 |
eMedicine | 000944 |
MeSH | D000437 |
Abubuwan muhalli da kwayoyin halitta abubuwa biyu ne da ke da alaqa da shaye-shaye, tare da kusan rabin hadarin da aka danganta ga kowane.[4] Wanda ke da iyaye ko dan'uwa mai shaye-shaye ya fi sau uku zuwa hudu damar zama mashawarcin da kansa.[4] Abubuwan muhalli sun hada da tasirin zamantakewa, al'adu da halaye.[10] Babban matakan damuwa da damuwa, da kuma farashin barasa mara tsada da sauki mai sauki, yana ƙara haɗarin.[4][11] Mutane na iya ci gaba da sha don hana ko inganta alamun janyewar.[4] Bayan mutum ya daina shan barasa, za su iya samun ƙarancin janyewar da zai yi na tsawon watanni.[4] A likitance, ana daukar shaye-shaye duka cuta ce ta jiki da ta kwakwalwa.[12][13] Tambayoyi da wasu gwaje-gwajen jini na iya gano yiwuwar shan giya.[4][14] Sannan ana tattara ƙarin bayani don tabbatar da ganewar asali.[4]
Ana iya kokarin rigakafin shaye-shaye ta hanyar tsarawa da iyakance siyar da barasa, sanya harajin barasa don kara farashinsa, da ba da magani mara tsada.[15] Maganin shaye-shaye na iya ɗaukar nau'i da yawa.[16] Saboda matsalolin likita da zasu iya faruwa a lokacin janyewa, ya kamata a kula da tsabtace barasa a hankali.[16] Wata hanyar gama gari ta haɗa da amfani da magungunan benzodiazepine, kamar diazepam.[16] Ana iya ba da waɗannan ko dai yayin shigar da su a cibiyar kiwon lafiya ko kuma wani lokaci yayin da mutum ya kasance a cikin al'umma tare da kulawa sosai.[16] Ciwon hauka ko wasu abubuwan maye na iya dagula magani.[17] Bayan cirewa, ana amfani da magungunan rukuni ko ƙungiyoyin tallafi don taimakawa mutum ya dawo shan giya.[18][19] Wani nau'i na tallafi da aka saba amfani dashi shine ƙungiyar Alcoholics Anonymous.[20] Hakanan ana iya amfani da magungunan acamprosate, disulfiram ko naltrexone don taimakawa hana ci gaba da sha.[21]
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi kiyasin cewa ya zuwa shekarar 2010, akwai mutane miliyan 208 da ke da shaye-shaye a duk duniya (kashi 4.1 na yawan mutanen da suka haura shekaru 15).[9][22] Ya zuwa shekarar 2015 a Amurka, kusan miliyan 17 (7%) na manya da miliyan 0.7 (2.8%) na masu shekaru 12 zuwa 17 ne abin ya shafa.[23] Shaye-shaye ya fi zama ruwan dare a tsakanin maza da matasa, kuma ba a cika samunsa ba a tsakiyar da tsufa.[4] A geographically, ba shi da yawa a Afirka (1.1% na yawan jama'a) kuma yana da mafi girman kimar a Gabashin Turai (11%).[4] Shaye-shaye ya haifar da mutuwar 139,000 kai tsaye a cikin shekarar 2013, sama da 112,000 da suka mutu a 1990.[24] An yi imanin cewa jimlar mutuwar miliyan 3.3 (5.9% na duk mace-mace) ta kasance ta hanyar barasa.[23] Shaye-shaye na rage tsawon rayuwar mutum da kusan shekaru goma.[25] An yi amfani da kalmomin da yawa, wasu na zagi wasu kuma na yau da kullun, an yi amfani da su don yin nuni ga mutanen da shaye-shaye ya shafa; maganganun sun hada da tippler, mashaya, dipsomaniac da souse.[26] A shekara ta 1979, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta hana amfani da "shaye-shaye" saboda rashin ma'anarsa, ta fifita "ciwon dogara ga barasa".[27]