Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner (/ˈvɑːɡnər/; Jerman: [ˈʁiçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ]; 22 Mei 1813 – 13 Februari 1883) adolah surang pangarang musik banso Jerman, sutradara teater, ahli polemik, jo pamimpin orkestra nan tamasua dek opera atau, labiah tapek, "drama musik".
Indak samo jo pangarang opera lain, Wagner mangarang kaduo-duo libreto jo musik untuak satiok karya pantasnyo. Inyo mambuek namo partamo kali sabagai pangarang karya aliran romantisme dek Weber jo Meyerbeer. Sudah tu Wagner mambuek parubahan gadang malalui konsep Gesamtkunstwerk ("karya seni nan total")—dangan konsep ko, Weber mancari jalan untuak manyatuan aspek seni sair, visual, musik jo drama, jo musik nan manjadi aspek subsidiari drama, nan dikatangahan dalam sabuah siri esei antaro taun 1849 jo 1852. Wagner mambuek realisasi pakaro ko dalam bagian partamo sabuah siklus ampek opera, Der Ring des Nibelungen (Lingkaran Nibelung).
Karangan-karangannyo, tautamo di wakatu kamudian, tanamo dek tekstur, harmoni musik rancak, jo orkestrasi, jo juo panggunoan leitmotif—frase musik nan takaik jo watak-watak individu, tampek, idea atau unsua-unsua plot. Kamajuan nan dibueknyo jo bahaso musik, sarupo kromatisme nan ekstrem jo tonaliti nan capek barubah, banyaik mampangaruahi pakambangan musik klasik. Karyanyo, Tristan und Isolde, kadang-kadang dikatoan sabagai titik pamuloan musik meden.
Rujuakan
Sumber
(Inggirih)
Pautan lua
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Teks sumber dari Wikisource |
Ado naskah sumber nan bakaitan jo Richard Wagner in Bayreuth di Wikisource |
Opera
- Richard Wagner Opera, Richard Wagner operas, Wagner interviews, CDs, DVDs, Wagner calendar, Bayreuth Festival
- Wagner Operas, site featuring photographs, video, MIDI files, scores, libretti, and commentary
- RWagner.net, contains libretti of his operas, with English translations
- Wagner website Archived 2006-11-09 di Wayback Machine., assortment of articles on Wagner and his operas
- Wilhelm Richard Wagner site by Stanford University
- The Wagnerian, Richard Wagner news, operas, reviews, articles.
Panulihan
- The Wagner Library Archived 2011-02-21 di Wayback Machine.. English translations of Wagner's prose works, including some of Wagner's more notable essays.
Lain
- The National Archive Archived 2013-05-23 di Wayback Machine. of the Richard Wagner Foundation
- Richard Wagner Museum Archived 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine. in the country manor Triebschen beside Lucerne, Switzerland where he and Cosima lived and worked from 1866 to 1872.
Iko bakaik jo musik baru rancangan. Bantulah Wikipedia untuak mangambangannyo. |