ग्याँस टर्बाइन

ग्याँस टर्बाइन (अङ्ग्रेजी: Gas turbine) एक प्रकारको आन्तरिक दहन इन्जिन हो जसले घुम्नको लागि आवश्यक ऊर्जा ज्वलनशील ग्याँसको प्रवाहबाट प्राप्त गर्छ। यसैकारण यसलाई 'दहन टर्बाइन' पनि भनिन्छ।^[१] टर्बाइनको गति परिभ्रामी हुने भएकाले यो इन्जिन विद्युत जेनेरेटर घुमाउनको लागि पनि उपयुक्त मानिन्छ। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको लगभग ९० प्रतिशत विद्युत् ऊर्जा वाष्प टर्बाइनबाट उत्पन्न गर्ने गरिन्छ। वाष्प टर्बाइनको दक्षता अन्य ऊष्मा इन्जिनको तुलनामा धेरै हुन्छ। अधिक दक्षता वाष्पको प्रसारको लागि कयौँ चरणको प्रयोगबाट प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ।

'ग्याँस टर्बाइन'को विभिन्न परिभाषा दिन सकिन्छ। विस्तृत परिभाषा अनुसार ग्याँस टर्बाइन त्यो शक्तिको प्राथमिक स्रोत हो जसको सम्पूर्ण उष्मीय चक्रमा कार्यकारी तरल ग्याँस अवस्थामा रहन्छ र जसको सबै पुर्जाको गति परिभ्रामी हुन्छ।

ग्याँस टर्बाइनको प्रयोग हवाई विमान, रेल, पानीजहाज, विद्युतीय जेनेरेटर, पम्प, ग्याँस कम्प्रेसर, र ट्याङ्कमा गरिन्छ।^[२]

बिकासको समयरेखा

५० ई.: हिरो अफ अलेक्जान्ड्रियाको इन्जिनको प्रारम्भिक अभिलेख. यसले आधुनिक टर्बाइन इन्जिन काम गर्ने भौतिकी सिद्धान्तको प्रदर्शन गर्यो।^[३]
१००० ई. : "Trotting Horse Lamp" (चिनियाँ: 走马灯, zŏumădēng) सोङ वंशको प्रारम्भमा चिनियाँ हरूले प्रयोग गर्थे । जब लालटिन बालिन्थ्यो, तातो हावा माथि बग्थ्यो र इम्पेलर घुमाउन्थ्यो।^[४]
1500: लियोनार्दो दा भिन्चीले '''स्मोक ज्याक ''' चित्र बनाएका थिए । आगोबाट तातो हावा फायरप्लेसको निकास नली (exhaust duct)मा माउन्ट गरिएको सिंगल -स्टेज एक्सियल टर्बाइन रोटर( single-stage axial turbine rotor) बाट निस्कन्छ र गियर-चेन जडानद्वारा रोस्टिङ स्पिटलाई घुमाउँछ।
1791: A patent was given to John Barber, an Englishman, for the first true gas turbine. His invention had most of the elements present in the modern day gas turbines. The turbine was designed to power a horseless carriage.^[५]^[६]
1894: Sir Charles Parsons patented the idea of propelling a ship with a steam turbine, and built a demonstration vessel, the Turbinia, easily the fastest vessel afloat at the time.
1899: Charles Gordon Curtis patented the first gas turbine engine in the US.^[७]
1900: Sanford Alexander Moss submitted a thesis on gas turbines. In 1903, Moss became an engineer for General Electric's Steam Turbine Department in Lynn, Massachusetts.^[८] While there, he applied some of his concepts in the development of the turbocharger.^[८]
1903: A Norwegian, Ægidius Elling, built the first gas turbine that was able to produce more power than needed to run its own components, which was considered an achievement in a time when knowledge about aerodynamics was limited. Using rotary compressors and turbines it produced 11 hp.^[९]
1904: A gas turbine engine designed by Franz Stolze, based on his earlier 1873 patent application, is built and tested in Berlin. The Stolze gas turbine was too inefficient to sustain its own operation.^[३]
1906: The Armengaud-Lemale gas turbine tested in France. This was a relatively large machine which included 25 stage centrifugal compressor designed by Auguste Rateau and built by the Brown Boveri Company. The gas turbine could sustain its own air compression but was too inefficient to produce useful work.^[३]
1910: Holzwarth impulse turbine (pulse combustion) achieved १५० किलोवॉट (२०० अश्वशक्ति).^[३]
1920s The practical theory of gas flow through passages was developed into the more formal (and applicable to turbines) theory of gas flow past airfoils by A. A. Griffith resulting in the publishing in 1926 of An Aerodynamic Theory of Turbine Design. Working testbed designs of axial turbines suitable for driving a propeller were developed by the Royal Aeronautical Establishment.^[१०]
1930: Having found no interest from the RAF for his idea, Frank Whittle patented^[११] the design for a centrifugal gas turbine for jet propulsion. The first successful test run of his engine occurred in England in April 1937.^[१२]
1932: The Brown Boveri Company of Switzerland starts selling axial compressor and turbine turbosets as part of the turbocharged steam generating Velox boiler. Following the gas turbine principle, the steam evaporation tubes are arranged within the gas turbine combustion chamber; the first Velox plant was erected in Mondeville, Calvados, France.^[१३]
1936: The first constant flow industrial gas turbine is commissioned by the Brown Boveri Company and goes into service at Sun Oil's Marcus Hook refinery in Pennsylvania, US.^[१४]
1937: Working proof-of-concept prototype turbojet engine runs in UK (Frank Whittle's) and Germany (Hans von Ohain's Heinkel HeS 1). Henry Tizard secures UK government funding for further development of Power Jets engine.^[१५]
1939: First 4 MW utility power generation gas turbine is built by the Brown Boveri Company for an emergency power station in Neuchâtel, Switzerland.^[१६]
1944: The Junkers Jumo 004 engine enters full production, powering the first German military jets such as the Messerschmitt Me 262. This marks the beginning of the reign of gas turbines in the sky.
1946: National Gas Turbine Establishment formed from Power Jets and the RAE turbine division to bring together Whittle and Hayne Constant's work.^[१७] In Beznau, Switzerland the first commercial reheated/recuperated unit generating 27 MW was commissioned.^[१८]
1947: A Metropolitan Vickers G1 (Gatric) becomes the first marine gas turbine when it completes sea trials on the Royal Navy's M.G.B 2009 vessel. The Gatric was an aeroderivative gas turbine based on the Metropolitan Vickers F2 jet engine.^[१९]^[२०]
1995: Siemens becomes the first manufacturer of large electricity producing gas turbines to incorporate single crystal turbine blade technology into their production models, allowing higher operating temperatures and greater efficiency.^[२१]
2011 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries tests the first >60% efficiency combined cycle gas turbine (the M501J) at its Takasago, Hyōgo, works.^[२२]^[२३]

ग्याँस टर्बाइनको मुख्य उपकरणहरू

कम्प्रेसर
दहन कक्ष (कम्बसन च्याम्बर)
टर्बाइन

फाइदा तथा बेफाइदा

ग्याँस टर्बाइन इन्जिनको फाइदा तथा बेफाइदा निम्नानुसार छन्:^[२४]

फाइदा

रेसिप्रोकेटिङ इन्जिनको तुलना धेरै उच्च क्षमता- तौल अनुपात
समान पावर रेटिङको लागि रेसिप्रोकेटिङ इन्जिनको भन्दा सानो आकार
मुख्य साफ्टको एकनासको आवर्तन हुने भएकाले रेसिप्रोकेटिङ इन्जिनको भन्दा कम कम्पन हुने
रेसिप्रोकेटिङ इन्जिनको भन्दा थोरै चलायमान अङ्ग हुने भएकाले मर्मतसम्भार खर्च कम तथा पाटपुर्जा भरपर्दो हुन्छ।
खेर जाने ताप पुरै निकास हुन्छ। र यो खेर जाने तापलाई बोइलरमा पानी तताउन प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।
रेसिप्रोकेटिङ इन्जिनको तुलनामा उच्च्तम प्रेसर कम हुन्छ।
लुब्रिकेटिङ आयलको न्यून खपत र खर्च
विविध प्रकारको उर्जाबाट सञ्चालन गर्न सकिने
कार्बन मोनो अक्साइड र हाइड्रोकार्बन जस्ता विषालु ग्याँसको निकै कम उत्सर्जन

सिमितता

निर्माणमा उच्च तापक्रम सहन गर्ने सक्ने विशेष वस्तुको उपयोग हुने भएकाले इन्जिनको खर्च धेरै उच्च हुन्छ
नमुना गतिमा रेसिप्रोकेटिङ इन्जिन भन्दा कम दक्ष हुन्छ।
रेसिप्रोकेटिङ इन्जिनको तुलनामा जटिल र लामो स्टार्टअप
उर्जाको मागमा परिवर्तन आएमा रेसिप्रोकेटिङ इन्जिनको तुलनामा प्रतिक्रिया देखाउन कमजोर

यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्

सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू

[१]

[२]

[३]

[४]

[५]

[६]

[७]

[८]

[९]

[१०]

[११]

[१२]

[१३]

[१४]

[१५]

[१६]

[१७]

[१८]

[१९]

[२०]

[२१]

[२२]

[२३]

[२४]

Search