Sodium carbonate

Sodium carbonate (kent as washin soda, soda ash an soda crystals an aw), Na₂CO₃, is a sodium saut o carbonic acid (soluble in watter).

Sodium carbonate

Names
IUPAC name Sodium carbonate
Ither names Soda ash, Washin soda, Soda crystals
Identifiers
CAS Nummer	497-19-8 (anhydrous) N 5968-11-6 (monohydrate) N 6132-02-1 (decahydrate) N
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive eemage
ChEBI	CHEBI:29377 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL186314 Y
ChemSpider	9916 Y
PubChem CID	10340
RTECS nummer	VZ4050000
UNII	45P3261C7T Y
InChI InChI=1S/CH2O3.2Na/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2 Y Key: CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y InChI=1/CH2O3.2Na/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2 Key: CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-NUQVWONBAP
SMILES [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O
Properties
Chemical formula	Na2CO3
Molar mass	105.9888 g/mol
Appearance	White solid, hygroscopic
Odour	Odorless
Density	2.54 g/cm3 (25 °C, anhydrous) 1.92 g/cm3 (856 °C) 2.25 g/cm3 (monohydrate)[1] 1.51 g/cm3 (heptahydrate) 1.46 g/cm3 (decahydrate)[2]
Meltin pynt	851 °C (1,564 °F; 1,124 K)
Solubility in watter	Decahydrate: 7 g/100 mL (0 °C) 16.4 g/100 mL (15 °C) 34.07 g/100 mL (27.8 °C) Heptahydrate: 48.69 g/100 mL (34.8 °C) Monohydrate: 50.31 g/100 mL (29.9 °C) 48.1 g/100 mL (41.9 °C) 45.62 g/100 mL (60 °C) 43.6 g/100 mL (100 °C)[3]
Solubility	Soluble in aq. alkalis,[3] glycerol Slichtly soluble in aq. alcohol Insoluble in CS2, acetone, alkyl acetates, alcohol, benzonitrile, liquid ammonia[4]
Solubility in glycerine	98.3 g/100 g (15.5 °C)[4]
Solubility in ethanediol	3.46 g/100 g (20 °C)[5]
Solubility in dimethylformamide	0.5 g/kg[5]
Basicity (pKb)	3.67
Magnetic susceptibility	−4.1·10−5 cm3/mol[2]
Refractive index (nD)	1.485 (anhydrous) 1.420 (monohydrate)[6] 1.405 (decahydrate)
Viscosity	3.4 cP (887 °C)[5]
Structur
Creestal structur	Monoclinic (γ-form, β-form, δ-form, anhydrous)[7] Orthorhombic (monohydrate, heptahydrate)[1][8]
Space group	C2/m, No. 12 (γ-form, anhydrous, 170 K) C2/m, No. 12 (β-form, anhydrous, 628 K) P21/n, No. 14 (δ-form, anhydrous, 110 K)[7] Pca21, No. 29 (monohydrate)[1] Pbca, No. 61 (heptahydrate)[8]
Pynt group	2/m (γ-form, β-form, δ-form, anhydrous)[7] mm2 (monohydrate)[1] 2/m 2/m 2/m (heptahydrate)[8]
Lattice constant	a = 8.920(7) Å, b = 5.245(5) Å, c = 6.050(5) Å (γ-form, anhydrous, 295 K)[7] α = 90°, β = 101.35(8)°, γ = 90°
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (Na+, anhydrous)
Thermochemistry
Speceefic heat capacity, C	112.3 J/mol·K[2]
Staundart molar entropy So298	135 J/mol·K[2]
Std enthalpy o formation ΔfHo298	−1130.7 kJ/mol[2][5]
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)	−1044.4 kJ/mol[2]
Hazards
GHS pictograms	[9]
GHS signal wird	Warning
GHS hazard statements	H319[9]
GHS precautionary statements	P305+351+338[9]
NFPA 704	[11] 0 2 0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (Median dose)	4090 mg/kg (rat, oral) [10]
Relatit compoonds
Ither anions	Sodium bicarbonate
Ither cations	Lithium carbonate Potassium carbonate Rubidium carbonate Caesium carbonate
Relatit compoonds	Sodium sesquicarbonate Sodium percarbonate
Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y verify (whit is YN ?)
Infobox references