Ostrearium genus
Ostrearium genus[1] est grex paraphyleticus bivalvium quae homines ad comedendum quaerunt, venditant, saepe colunt, quae etiam incocta sumere solent. Per orbem terrarum anno 2015 ostreorum omnium generum 5 321 737 000 chiliogrammata venditata sunt, pretio dollarium 4 094 411 000.[2] Anno 2019 per aquacultura chiliogrammata 6 126 000 000 venditata sunt, pretio dollarium 7 243 000 000; eodem anno chiliogrammata 134 000 000 ostreorum incultorum per capturam venditata sunt, pretio dollarium 174 000 000.[3]
Aenigma Graecum Hellenisticum papyro servatum, cui "ostreum" respondet, sic reconstructum est:
- [Μέ]μνονος Αἰθιοπῆος ὅπου χυτὸν ἤρίον ἐστίν
- [ . . .
- [ . . .
- ... ]ης δ' ἀδάμαντο[ς ἐ]πὶ σπιλάδεσσι τιθήνει,
- Ἀγροτέρης ἐραταῖς λαμπάσι τερπόμενον·
- Ἀγροτέρης ἐραταῖς λαμπάσι τερπόμενον·
- θ[οίν]η δ' [εἰ]μὶ βροτοῖσιν ἀφέψαλος, ἡνίκα Δωσοῦς
- [νυμφί]ος [ἀ]νδιχάσῃ ῥινοτόροις βέλεσιν
- [νυμφί]ος [ἀ]νδιχάσῃ ῥινοτόροις βέλεσιν
("Prope tumulum Memnonis Aethiopis non Nilus me nutrivit sed Pontus Helles virgineae ad scopulos adamantinos dum radiis Agroterae [Artemidos] perfundor. Igne expers dapes sum mortalibus, cum Dosus [Aphrodites] sponsus mihi cutem cultello desecet.")[4] Memnonium prope Abydum ad litus Hellesponti suggeritur; ostrea Abydi scriptores Graeci Romanique saepe laudaverunt.[5] Aenigma Anglosaxonicum, saeculo fere X scriptum, ostreum simili modo annuit (apud Britannos eius aevi species Ostrea edulis tantum cognita est):
- Sæ mec fedde, sundhelm þeahte,
- Ond mec yþa wrugon eorþan getenge
- Feþelease; oft ic flode ongean
- Muð ontynde. Nu wile monna sum
- Min flæsc fretan, felles ne recceð,
- Siþþan he me of sidan seaxes orde
- Hyd arypeð, [...]ec hr[...]þe siþþan
- Iteð unsodene ea[...]d
("Mari nutrita, sub litore celata, Frigido undarum amplexu prehensa, Sine pede, saepe fluctu Labra distendi: homo iam cutem osteosam A meo latere claro cultello Detondet carnemque meam Crudam avide haurit").[6]
.jpg)
Species quaesitissimae
- Alectryonella plicatula Sinarum
- Crassostrea brasiliana Brasiliae
- Crassostrea columbiensis litorum occidentalium Americae mediae australisque; species culta
- Crassostrea corteziensis litorum occidentalium Mexici
- Crassostrea mangle Brasiliae
- Crassostrea rhizophorae litorum Caribicorum
- Crassostrea tulipa Africae occidentalis
- Crassostrea virginica litorum orientalium Civitatum Foederatarum et Mexici; species culta
- Crassostrea vel Magallana angulata Sinarum et Portugalliae; species culta
- Crassostrea vel Magallana ariakensis Coreae et apud Sinas; species culta
- Crassostrea vel Magallana belcheri Thailandiae
- Crassostrea vel Magallana bilineata litorum Pacificorum et Indicorum; species culta
- Crassostrea vel Magallana gigas litorum maris Sinensis Orientalis et Iaponiae; species latissime culta
- Crassostrea vel Magallana hongkongensis Sericae meridianae; species culta
- Crassostrea vel Magallana nippona Iaponiae
- Crassostrea vel Magallana sikamea Iaponiae et apud Sinas; species culta
- Dendostrea folium Malaesiae
- Ostrea angasi Australiae meridianae
- Ostrea chilensis Novae Zelandiae et Chiliae
- Ostrea conchaphila litorum occidentalium Mexici
- Ostrea edulis litorum Europae; species culta
- Ostrea lurida litorum occidentalium Civitatum Foederatarum
- Ostrea puelchana litorum Argentinae; species culta
- Ostrea stentina litorum Mediterraneorum
- Saccostrea cuccullata litorum oceani Indici
- Saccostrea echinata Indonesiae et Australiae
- Saccostrea glomerata litorum Australiae et Novae Zelandiae; species rarius culta
- Saccostrea palmula litorum Civitatum Foederatarum; species culta
- Saccostrea malabonensis litorum Philippinarum meridianarum
- Saccostrea scyphophilla Vitiorum et Australiae
- Striostrea prismatica Mexici
De arte coquinaria
Ostrea aevo tam antiquo quam recentiori cruda comedi solent.
Qui ostrea ad comedendum parent variis modis utuntur. Testis etiam latentes simplicissime craticula torrentur. Testis apertis furno assantur;[7] in testis suis bulliantur.[8]
E testis extractae verubus torrentur, aqua coquuntur,[9] oleo friguntur. Iuscellum sive cramum ex ostreis[10] paratur. Variis modis potagium ostrearum conficitur aut e civeto, e brodio,[11] e gravato parantur;[12] in galantina offeruntur.[13]}}
Ostreae farciuntur;[14] e caseo,[15] e cepis accommodantur;[16] in pastillo coquuntur seu pane involvuntur; in pastillo bubulo commiscuntur. Praecepta specialia permulta reperiuntur, "ostreae ad minutum",[17] "ostreae modo bonae",[18] "ostreae modo Moscuae",[19] "ostreae Rockefeller", "omelette ostrearum" ope ovorum, "angeli equitantes" bacone involuti, "Hangtown fry" ovis et bacone commixtis, "embractum Baianum" saeculo fere IV in Apicio praescriptum,[20] hash of oysters saeculo XVII a Roberto May datum.[21]
Coqui farcimen ex ostreis parantur.[22] Ostreae apud Sinas desiccantur;[23] in Europa variis modis condiuntur.[24] Ex ostreis liquamen conficitur et venditatur. Iusculum ostrearum ad tempus paratur.
Notae
Bibliographia
- Opera antiquiora
- 1796 : "蠣黃 = Oysters" in Yuan Mei, Suiyuan shidan (Sean J. S. Chen, ed. et interpr., Recipes from the Garden of Contentment [Great Barrington Massachusettensium: Berkshire Publishing, 2018])
- 1832 : "Oysters" in N. K. M. Lee, The cook's own book, being a complete culinary encyclopedia (Bostoniae: Munroe and Francis, 1832) pp. 128-131
- 1855/1861 : Victor Coste(fr), Voyage d'exploration sur le littoral de la France et de l'Italie. Textus; 2a ed., 1861
- 1861 : Herbert Byng Hall, The Oyster: where, how, and when to find, breed, cook, and eat it. Londinii: Trübner, 1861 Textus
- 1865 : "The Wellfleet Oysterman" in Henry D. Thoreau, Cape Cod (1865)
- 1873 : "Huîtres" in Alexandre Dumas, Grand Dictionnaire de cuisine (Lutetiae: Lemerre, 1873) pp. 641-648
- 1885 : T. H. Huxley, "Oysters and the Oyster Question" in Articles on the propagation of oysters (Sydneii: Government Printer, 1885) pp. 1-44
- 1905 : "Huître" in Joseph Favre, Dictionnaire universel de cuisine pratique (2a ed. 1905) vol. 3 pp. 1150-1152
- De re biologica
- Brian Bayne, Biology of Oysters. Londinii: Academic Press, 2017
- Hong Yu, Qi Li, "Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Crassostrea nippona: Comparative and phylogenomic studies on seven commercial Crassostrea species" in Molecular Biology Reports vol. 39 (2011) pp. 999-1009
- George C. Matthiessen, Oyster Culture. Oxoniae: Fishing News Books, 2001. ISBN 0-85238-279-0
- Ramasamy Santhanam, Biology and Ecology of Edible Marine Bivalve Molluscs (Apple Academic Press, 2018) pp. 20-86 et alibi (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
- Ostrea singulis regionibus nota
- Zoila G. Castillo Rodriguez, Antonio García-Cubas, "Taxonomía y anatomía comparada de las ostras en las costas de México" in Anales del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (1985?)
- Yulin Jin et al., "High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis: A highly sensitive alternative for the identification of commercially important Crassostrea oysters" in Journal of Molluscan Studies vol. 81 (2014) pp. 167-170 [ostrearia Sinarum]
- Katherine Lam, Brian Morton, "The oysters of Hong Kong (Bivalvia: Ostreidae and Gryphaeidae)" in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology vol. 52 (2004) pp. 11-28
- Alessandro Lovatelli, Status of oyster culture in selected Asian countries. Bancoci: National Inland Fisheries Institute, 1988
- Clyde L. MacKenzie et al., edd., The history, present condition, and future of the molluscan fisheries of North and Central America and Europe. 3 voll. (NOAA technical report NMFS no. 127-129. US Department of Commerce, 2017) vol. 1 vol. 2 vol. 3
- De archaeologia
- Jessica M. Winder, A study of the variation in oyster shells from archaeological sites and a discussion of oyster exploitation (dissertatio 1992 universitatis Hantoniensis)
- Jessica M. Winder, Oyster Shells from Archaeological Sites – a brief illustrated guide to basic processing (2011); "praefatio" (2019)
- De re gastronomica
- "Des huîtres d’été" in Les Cahiers de la gastronomie n° 17 (2013?)
- "Oyster" in Alan Davidson, The Oxford Companion to Food (Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-19-211579-0) pp. 562-564; Tom Jaine, ed., 2a ed. 2006; 3a ed. 2014
- M. F. K. Fisher, Consider the Oyster. Duell, Sloan and Pierce, 1941
- Rowan Jacobsen, A geography of oysters: the connoisseur's guide to oyster eating in North America. Novi Eboraci: Bloomsbury, 2010. ISBN 9781596918146
- Cathy Moser Marlett, Shells on a Desert Shore: Mollusks in the Seri World. University of Arizona Press, 2014 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
- Prosper Montagné, Larousse gastronomique (Lutetiae: Larousse, 1938) pp. 610-613
- John R. Philpots, Oysters, and all about them. 2 voll. Londinii: John Richardson, 1890-1891 Vol. 1 vol. 2
- Drew Smith, Oyster: a gastronomic history. Novi Eboraci: Abrams, 2015. ISBN 978-1-4197-1922-6
- Rebecca Stott, Oyster. Londinii: Reaktion Books, 2004. ISBN 1-86189-221-7
- Máirín Uí Chomáin, Michael Ó Meara, Oyster Gastronomy. Connemara: Artisan House, 2017. ISBN 9780992690878
- Praecepta culinaria
- saec. IV? : Apicius sive De re coquinaria 1.12, 9.6, 9.11 (Christopher Grocock, Sally Grainger, edd., Apicius. A critical edition with an introduction and an English translation [Totenais: Prospect Books, 2006. ISBN 1903018137] pp. 136, 292, 296)
- saec. XV ineunte : Viandier: manuscriptum Vaticanum (Terence Scully, ed., The Viandier of Taillevent: an edition of all extant manuscripts [Ottavae: University of Ottawa Press, 1988] no. 82, 148) ("civé d'oistres; oestres")
- 1615 : I. M., A New Booke of Cookerie ... London Cookerie (Londinii: John Browne, 1615) Editio interretialis ("To sowce oysters; To make an oyster pye; To frye mussels, perywinckels, or oysters, to serue with a ducke, or single by themselves")
- 1654 : Jos. Cooper, The Art of Cookery Refin'd and Augmented, containing an Abstract of Some Rare and Rich Unpublished Receipts of Cookery collected from the Practise of that Incomparable Master of These Arts, Mr. Jos. Cooper, Chiefe Cook to the Late King. Londinii: R. Lowndes (pp. 32-33, 45-46, 61-62, 72-73, 102-103 apud Google Books)
- 1685 : Robert May, The Accomplisht Cook (5a ed. Londinii) pp. 383-397
- 1733 : Vincent La Chapelle, The Modern Cook (3 voll. Londinii: Nicolas Prevost, 1733) vol. 3 pp. 302-304
- 1742 : [Menon], La Nouvelle Cuisine ... continuation au Nouveau traité de la cuisine. Lutetiae, 1742 (pp. 276-279 apud Google Books)
- 1742 : François Marin, Suite des Dons de Comus. Lutetiae: veuve Pissot (vol. 3 pp. 196-199 apud Google Books)
- 1870 : Urbain-Dubois, Cosmopolitan cookery: popular studies (Londinii: Longmans) pp. 47, 113-117 et alibi
- 1872 : Urbain Dubois, Cuisine de tous les pays: études cosmopolites. 3a ed. (Lutetiae: Dentu, 1872) pp. 69-70, 135-139 et alibi
- 1895 : Thomas J. Murrey, The Murrey Collection of Cookery Books (Novi Eboraci) "Oysters and Fish" pp. 1-31
- 1907 : Auguste Escoffier, Le Guide culinaire (2a ed. Lutetiae, 1907) pp. 274, 307-309, 539-540
Nexus externi
- Jessica M. Winder, Oysters etc.
- Rowan Jacobsen, "The Taste of an Oyster" (9 Septembris 2021) apud Greatist
- "Oyster varieties" apud universitatem Vasingtoniensem
- "On oysters: The British origin of a robust American tradition" apud British Food in America
- Elisabeth Sherman, "Your Guide To the 14 Best Oyster Regions in the US"
