Àwọn èdè irú Yorùbá

(Àtúnjúwe láti Yoruboid languages)

Yoruboid is a group of languages composed of Igala, a language spoken in central Nigeria, and the Edekiri group, the members of which are spoken in a band across Togo, Benin and southwestern Nigeria. The name Yoruboid derives from its most widely spoken member, Yoruba, which has more than 20 million speakers. Another well-known Yoruboid language is Itsekiri (Nigeria, 600,00-800,000 speakers). The Yoruboid group is a branch of Defoid, which itself is a branch of the Benue-Congo subfamily of the Niger-Congo language family.

Yoruboid
Ìpínká
ìyaoríilẹ̀:
Togo, Benin and south-western Nigeria
Ìyàsọ́tọ̀:Niger-Kóngò
Àwọn ìpín-abẹ́:
Edekiri

Igala is a key Yoruboid language, spoken by 1.8 million people in the Niger-Benue confluence of central Nigeria, it is excised from the main body of Yoruboid languages to the west by Ebirra and the Edo languages. Igala is closely related to both Yoruba and Itsekiri languages.

All Yoruboid languages are tonal, with most of them having three level tones. Grammatically, they are isolating with a Subject Object Verb basic word order.

The Itsekiri's are a riverine Yoruboid people who live in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. They maintain a distinct identity separate from other Yoruboid people. Their neighbours are the Urhobos, The Ijaws, and the Mahin Ilaje, a Yoruba clan.

Proto-Yoruboid reconstructions

See also: List of Proto-Yoruboid reconstructions (Wiktionary)

Èdè Yorùbá and Proto-Yoruboid:[1]

No.Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì (English)Èdè YorùbáPYIG (Proto-Yoruba-Igala)PYIS (Proto-Yoruba-Isekiri)PYOR (Proto-Yoruba)
1abuse v., insult v.*bú
3arid, upgbígbẹ*rò
4allgbogbo*dVdV
9arrive, meetdé, pàdé*dé
10ashesèrúń*e-rĩ́rṹ
11ask (question)béèrè*bi
12axeàké*ɛ-dʊ̃̀
13axeàké*-ké
14backẹ̀yìn*à-ɲì̃
15bagàpò*à-kpò
16bald, bepárí*kpá (?)
19beansẹ̀wà*ɛ̀-gwà
20beansẹ̀wà*e-rèé
21beat (person, drum)*lù
22bedbugìdun*ɪ̀-dʊ̃
23bee, honeyoyin*o-ɲĩ
25big, greatńlá*-la
26birdẹyẹ*ɛ-wɛ
27block, be*-dṹ
28block (of hole, ear)*dĩ
30bloodẹ̀jẹ̀*ɛ̀-byɛ̀
31blow (of wind, with mouth)fẹ́*fɛ́
32blow (of wind)fẹ́*jù
33bodyara*V-ra
36boneegungun*V-k'ĩk'ũ
39bow n.tẹríba*ɔ-ɗʊ̃
40break (pot, calabash etc.)fọ́*fɔ́
42break (nut)fọ́*kpa
43breastọyọ̀n*ɛ-ɲã̀
44breastọyọ̀n*ɔ-mʊ̃́
45breathe*ŋmĩ́
46buffalo (bushcow)ẹfọ̀n*ɛ-fã̀
47build (with bricks)kọ́*kɔ́
49burn (trans.)*jó
50bury (object)sin*ɗì
51bury (corpse)sin*sĩ
52buttocks, buttonìdí*ù-dí (ì-)
54buy*rà
55calabashigbá*ʊ-gbá
56call, summon*kpè
57carry load (on the head)*ɗù
58carry load (with hands)gbé*gbé
59carve (of wood)igbẹ*gbɛ̃́
62chestàyà*à-yà
64chew, masticate, crushjẹ*rʊ̃́
65chew-stick, timber logspákọ́*o-rĩ́
66chicken, fowladìyẹ*a-dɪ̀wɛ
67child(ren)ọmọ*ɔ-mã
68chin, jawàgbọ̀n*à-gbã̀
69chooseyàn*ɲã̀
71clear (bush)ṣá oko*cã́
72climb, mountgùn*gũ̀
74cockàkùkọ*à-kɪ̀kɔ
76come*ɓá
77cook, boil*sì
78corpseòkú*ò-kú
79count*kà
80cover, put on (head, pot)*dé
81cover up, protectdáàbò*bò
82cowry, niece (of something), seedidẹ, irugbin*ɛ-yɔ
83crabakàn*a-kɪ̃ã̀rã́
84crocodileọ̀nì*ɔ̀-nɪ
85crowẹyẹ kanna kánná*kɔ
89cut (with knife, axe), hack, peckgé, ṣá*cá
90cut (with hand), sever*já
92dance v.*jí
93defecateṣu*cũ
94demolish(?) *gwí
96destroy, exterminateparun*rũ
97dewìrì*è-rì
98die*kú
100diggbẹ́*gwà
101dig, bore into (something)gbẹ́*gwɔ̀
102disease, illnessàìsàn*à-wʊ̃̀
103divide, sharepín*kpɪ̃́
106dogajá*a-byá
107dragwọ́*gwɔ́
108dream v.lí àlá*lá
109dream n.àlá*V̀-lá
110drinkmímu*ŋmʊ̃
111drive (vehicle), paddle*gwà
112dry, become (of voter, cloth, etc.)gbẹ*gbɛ
113duiker, antelopeẹtu*a-tu
115earetí*e-tĩ́
117eatjẹ*jɛ
118eggẹyin*ɛ-g'ɪ
119eightẹ́jọ*ɛ́-jɔ
120elephanterin*e-rĩ
122end V., be finishedparí*kpaVɗí
123end v., be finished (intr.)parí*tã́
124end of (something)òpin*òkpĩ
125enter (a place)wọ̀*wɔ̀
126eveningìrọ̀lẹ́*a-lɛ́
127evidenceẹ̀rí*à-rí
131eyeojú*e-jú
132fads (of materials colour)ṣá*cá
133faeces, excrementìgbẹ́*i-wĩ́
134fall (of rain)rọ̀*rɔ̀
135farm n.oko*o-ko
136farmeràgbẹ̀*à-gbɛ̃̀
137fastens lock, close*tĩ̀
138fasten, lock, dam*sé
139fatsanra(?) *V̀-rá
140fear n.ẹ̀rù*à-rũ̀
141featherìyẹ́*ɪ̀-wɛ́
142feed (somebody)bọ́*bɔ́
143femalealábìnrin*o-bí
144femalealábìnrin*a-bo
146fight v.*jà
149fireiná*ʊ-nɪ̃ã́
151fishẹja*ɛ-ja
152fishhookìwọ̀*ʊ̀-wɔ̀
153fiveáàrún*à-rʊ̃ã́
154flow (as water, river)ṣàn*cã̀
155fly, jump*fò
156foam, rage, boil over*Có
158foot, legẹsẹ̀*ɔ-sɛ̃̀
159forgetgbàgbé*-gbé-
160fourẹ́ẹ̀rin*ɛ̀-rɪ̃
162friendọ̀rẹ́*o-lùkũ
163friendọ̀rẹ́*ɔ̀-rɛ́
164fruitèso*è-so
165fruit-batàdán*à-dɪ̃ã́
166fry (in oil)dín*dɪ̃́
167full, bekún*kʊ̃́
170give birth*bí
171glitter, shineràn*dã́
172golọ*lɔ
173goat, heòbúkọ*ɔ̀-bʊ́kɔ
174goat, sheewúrẹ́*e-ɓí
176gown, robeẹ̀wù*à-wù
178greaseìpara*ʊ̀-jà (ɪ̀-)
180greet, salute*gwa
181greet, salute*kĩ́
182grey hairewú*i-ɓṹ
183grindlọ̀*lɔ̀
184grinding stoneọlọ*V-lɔ
185ground, earthilẹ̀*V-lɛ̀
187grumble, murmurkanra*kʊ̃̀
188guinea fowlawó*a-wí
189guts, intestineìfun*ìfũ (?)
191hairirun*ʊ-rʊ̃
192handọwọ́*ɔ-ɓɔ́
193hard, be, be difficultle*nĩ
195hasten, quicken*yá
196have, possess*nɪ̃́
197he, sheòun*ò-ŋũ
198headorí*o-ɗí
199heargbọ́*gbɔ́
200heart (as a seat of emotion), chestọkàn*ɛ̀-dʊ̃̀
201heart (as an organ), conscienceọkàn*ɔ-kɪã̀
202heavy, bewúwo*-ɓo
204hips, waistìbàdí*à-gí
205hoe v., weed v.ṣáko*ro
206hoe n.ọkọ́*ɔ-kɔ́
208holeihò*u-Cò (i-)
210horn (of animal)ìwo*ù-ɣo
211hot, be (as pepper)ta*ta
212houseilé*u-lí
213houseflyeṣinṣin*V-cĩcĩ
214hungerebi*e-bi
216hunterọdẹ*ɔ-dɛ
217husband, (male)ọkọ*ɔ-kɔ
218Ièmi*ò-mĩ
220inside ofinu*ɪ-nʊ̃́
223iron (metal)irin*ʊ-rɪ̃ (ɪ-)
226journeyàjò*à-jò
228killpa*kpa
229kneeorókún*-kṹ
230knifeọ̀bẹ*ɔ̀-bɛ
231knowmọ̀*mã̀
232ladle (wooden)ṣíbí*ʊ̀-kpã (ɪ̀-)
233languageèdè*è-dè
234laughrẹ̀rín*rĩ́
235laughterẹ̀rín*à-rĩ́
236leafewé*e-wé (i-)
237lean againstfẹ̀hìn tì*rɔ̀
238learn, eachkọ́*kɔ́
239left (hand, side)òsì*ò-sì
241lick*lá
243live in, dwell ingbé*gbé
244liverẹ̀dọ̀*V̀-dɔ̀
245loadẹrù*a-ɗũ̀
247look at*g'ò
248lose (something), get lostpàdánù*-nɔ̃̀
249lost, be (intr.)sọnù*-nɔ̃̀
251louseiná*ʊ-nɪ̃ã́
252maggotìdin*ɪ̀-dɪ̃
253make, doṣe*ce
255make ridgeskíkọ èbè*kɔ
258man, malealákùnrin*ɔ-kʊ̃rɪ̃
259many, beọ̀pọ*wéwe
260market placeọjà*a-jà
262matẹní*a-nĩ́
264measureìwọ̀n*ŋwã̀
265meat, animalẹranko*ɛ-rɪ̃ã
266medicineògùn*o-gũ̀
268millipedeọ̀kùn*ɔ̀-kʊ̃̀
269moneyowó*e-ɣí
270monthoṣù*o-cũ̀
271moonòṣùpá*ɔ̀-cʊ̃̀kpá
272mosquitoẹ̀fọn*i-mṹ
273mould (pottery), build (with clay)mọ̀*mã
274mouldy, become, become rottenkẹ̀*bu
276mouthẹnu*a-rʊ̃ã
278nail v.kàn*kã̀
279nail (finger, toe)èékáná*ɛ̀-kɪ́kɪ̃ã́nã́
280name n.orúkọ*o-ɗú
281navel, umbilical cordìdodo*u-do (i-)
282neckọrùn*ɔ-rʊ̃̀
283new, betuntun*-tʊ̃
284nightòru*ò-ɗũ
285nineẹ́ẹ̀sán*ɛ̀-ɛɪ̃ã́
286noonọ̀sán*ɔ̀-sɔ̃́
287noseimú*ɪ-ŋmʊ̃́
288nothing, emptinessòfo*-fo
290oil, palm oilepo*e-kpo
291old, be (of person, material)gbó*gbí
292oneọ̀kan, oókàn*ɪ-nɛ̃́
293ooze (as water from rock)tú jade*sʊ̃
294openṣí*cí
295open, make way, separate*bì
298pare (nails)*ré
299pay (for something)san*sɪ̃ã
301peel (with knife), slice*bɛ
303pepperata*a-ta
304perch (as bird), descend*bà
305perishparun*gbé
306personènìyàn*ɔ-nɪ̃
308pierce, prick, stabgún ní ǹkan*gṹ
309pierce, bore a holelu*lu
310plait (hair, rope), weave*bã
311plait (hair, rope), tie*dĩ̀
312plant v. (tubers)so*gbɛ̃̀
314pound (in mortar)gún*gṹ
315pour*dà
316praise v.yìn*ɲɪ̃̀
318pregnant, becomelóyún*ɲʊ̃́
322profit, gainpa*V̀-rè
324pull*fà
325push*tĩ̀
328rabbit, hareehoro*a-Coro
329race n.eré*V-ré
331rain, streamodò*a-ji
332rainòjò*ò-jò
333ramàgbò*à-gbò
334razorabẹ*a-bɛ
335receive, accept, obtaintẹ́wọ́gbà*gbà
336recount, tell, say, gossipwí; sọ*kà
337red, bepupa*-kpa
338refuse v.kọ̀*kɔ̀
339rejoiceyọ̀*yɔ̀
340relative-in-lawàna*à-nɪ̃ã
341reply n., answer n.dáhùn*V̀-sì
342ribsìhà*ʊ̀-ɣà
343ridgesebè*V-bV̀
344right (band, side)ọ̀tún*ɔ̀-tʊ̃́
345ripe, becomepọ́n*kpã́
346roar, cry aloud*bú
347roast (in fire)sun*sʊ̃
350rope (general)okùn*V-kũ̀
351rotten, becomekẹ̀*kɛ̀
352rotten, becomekẹ̀*rà
354rubpa*kpa
355run (a race)*sá
356rush outsáré jàde*rí
357salivaitọ́*ɪ-tɔ̃́
358saltiyọ̀*o-ɓũ
359saltiyọ̀*ɪ-yɔ̀
361saysọ*gwĩ́
363scrape off (with knife, razor)*fá
364scratch, itchhọ́*Cʊ̃́
366seaòkun*ò-kũ
367see*rí
368seed, grainèso*u-rú
371sell*tà
372send (someone to do something)rán*rã́
374set trap, huntdẹ*dɛ
375sevenéèje*è-bye
377sew (with thread)rán*rã́
378shade, swingibojì*mĩ̀
379shake off, peel offgbọ̀n*ŋwã́
383shoot (gun)yìn*ɲi
384shoot (arrow, catapult)ta*ta
385show, appearṣàfihàn, hàn*ŋɪ̃ã̀
386side (of house, road)ẹ̀gbẹ́*V̀-bá
387side (of body)ẹ̀gbẹ́*ɛ̀-gbɛ́
388sixẹ́ẹ́fà*ɛ̀-fà
389skin (by hand)yíya*bí
390skin off, scratchyún*ɣa
391skin, hideawọ*a-g'ɔ̃
392slaveẹrú*a-ɗú
393sleep v.sùn*sũ̀
394sleep n.orun*o-rũ
395slice, chopbẹ́, gé*rɛ́
397smell, stinkòórùn*rũ̀
398snailìgbín*ʊ̀-gbɪ̃́ (ɪ̀-)
399snakeejò*e-jò
400snap, break (stick), foldkán, ká*cɛ́
401snatch, catch*ŋã́
402snorehọrun*ŋwõ̀
403soft, be, be tenderrírọ̀*rɔ̀
404soft, be (become excessively ripe)rọ̀*dɛ̃̀
405songorin*e-rĩ
406sour, becomekan*kã
407smearsán*ɔ̀-kɪɔ̀
408split, dividepín*dá
409split*là
410sprout, grow, germinatedàgbà*Cù
413steal*jí
415stomachikùn*u-kũ̀
416stomach (internal)inú*ɪ-nʊ̃́
417stoneòkúta*ɔ̀-kʊ́ta
418storage barnabà ibi ìpamọ́*á-ká
419storage barnabà ibi ìpamọ́*a-bà
421stretch, extend*nã̀
422string (beads, cowries etc.)okùn*sé
424sunòrù*o-rũ̀
425swallow*m'ĩ̀
426sweepgbá*gbá
427swell*ɓú
428swing*Cì
430tail (of animal)ìrù*ù-rũ̀
431take (one thing), catch, seize, hold*mṹ
432take (part of)*bù
433take portion out (with a ladle, shovel etc.)*kɔ
434take off (clothes)bọ́*bʊɔ́
435tastetọ́*tɔ́-
436taste, test, temptdánwò*dã́(ɣò)
438tearya*ya
439tearsomijé*a-kʊ̃ã́
442tenẹ́ẹ̀wá*ɛ̀-gwá
446they, themàwọn*à-ɓã
447thiefolè*o-lè
448thighitan*ʊ-tɪ̃ã (ɪ-)
449thinkronú*rò
450thirtyọgbọ̀n*ɔ-gbã̀
451thorn, prickleẹ́gún*à-gṹ
452threeẹ̀ta*à-ta
453throatọ́fun*à-ta
454throwsọ*sɔ
455throw*jù
456tie (rope, animal etc.)so*so
458timber, trunk (of a tree)gẹdú*ì-tì
460tongueahọ́n*ʊ-ɓã́
461tootheyín*e-ɲĩ́
462tortoiseìjàpà*a-ŋʊ̃
463touch, make contact withfọwọ́kàn*bà
464touch, make contact withfọwọ́kàn*tɔ́
465tree, firewoodigi*e-gĩ (i-)
468turn, roll*yí
469twentyogún*o-gṹ
470twist (rope, material)lọ́*lɔ́
471twist (limb)lílọ́ ọwọ́*rɔ́
472twoéjì*è-jì
473umbilical cordibi ọmọ*ʊ̀-ɣɔ́
475untie*tú
476urinatetọ̀*tɔ̀
477urineìtọ̀*ɪ̀-tɔ̀
478vaginaòbò*ò-bò
479voiceohùn*o-ɓũ̀
480vomitèébì*bì
481vomit, precipitate*sɛ̃̀
483walk v.rìn*rɪ̃̀
484walk n.ìrìn*ʊ̀-rɪ̃̀
485wallògiri*ɔ̀-ɗɔ̀
486wallògiri*ò-giri
487want (desire), likefẹ́*fɛ́
488warogun*o-gũ
489wash (clothes, plates, etc.)fọ̀*fɔ̀
490wash (body), bathewẹ̀*gwɛ̀
491wateromi*o-mĩ
492wear, put on (clothes)wọ̀*wɔ̀
493wear, put on (clothes)wọ̀*nĩ́
494weave*ŋʊ̃
496weàwa*à-ɓa
498weep, crysun ẹkún*sʊ̃
499wet, be, be coldtutù*-tũ̀
500white, befunfun*-fũ
501windafẹ́fẹ́*V̀-fù
502wine, beer (general word)ọtí*ɔ-tɪ̃́
503wither (of leaves, flowers, plants etc.)gbẹ*rɔ
504woman, femaleobìnrin*ɔ-bɪ̃̀rɪ̃
505word, matterọ̀rọ̀*ɔ̀-rɔ̀
506word, matter, troubleọ̀rọ̀*ɔ̀-rã̀
507work n.iṣẹ́*ʊ-cɛ́
508wrap*ɓé
509wring (clothes), squeezerún*fʊ̃́
510wring, squeeze, press (for demand)fún pọ́*Cí
511yamiṣu*u-cũ (i-)
512yawnyán*ɲã́
513yearọdún*ɔ-dʊ̃́
514you sg.ìwọ*ʊ̀-ɓV
515you pl.ẹ̀yin*ɛ̀-ɓɪ̃

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